Learning about Language教学设计第二课时

1

Unit 1

Period 3

Grammar 1.Teaching objects：to learn the definition of non-restrictive attributive clause, and the difference between the restrictive attributive clause and non-restrictive attributive clause 2.Teaching difficult and important point: How to use the non-restrictive attributive clause 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

一．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句

与先行词之间不用逗号隔开

与先行词的关系十分密切，限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义

先行词

先行词一般为单个的名词或代词

项目

形式

功能

非限制性定语从句

与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开

是先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整

先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分

可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引引导词

词作宾语时可省略

导非限制性定语从句，且其他引导词不能省略

The girl who likes expensive bags works hard to keep her job.(who引导限制性定语从句，与主句之间无逗号) 这位喜欢昂贵包包的女孩为了保住自己的工作而努力着。

The body of the missing firefighter(消防员)，who was considered to have escaped from the scene of the fire when they were trying to put out the flames, was found 13 years later.（who引导非限制性定语从句，与主句之间有逗号隔开）

这位失踪的消防员的身体13年后被找到了，当时他被认为在扑灭大火时临阵逃脱。

注意：

(1)

which引导非限制性定语从句时不置于句首。

(2)

在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略，关系代词指人时，只能用whom,不能用who. (3)

关系代词that 不引导非限制性定语从句。

(4)

关系副词where, when, 及why可转换成相应的介词+which. 【活学活用】用适当的关系词填空

When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, _____are more precious to her than mountains of gold. I live next door to a couple_______children often make a lot of noise. 二．非限制性定语从句中需要注意的几个问题

1.

关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，但可以用for which代替why来引导。

Many of us wanted to know the reason, for which he didn’t attend the meeting.（此处的for which相当于why）

2

我们中的很多人都想知道这个理由，为什么他没有出席会议。

2.

非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom. He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s. 他写过很多儿童书籍，将近一半都是在20世纪90年代出版的。

They have four children, the daughter of whom is working in that big company now. 他们有四个孩子，他们的女儿现在在那家大公司上班。

What impress us most are your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. 给我们印象最深的就是你的艺术技能，在这些技能里你表现出了突出才能。

Seven people were caught in the big fire that broke out on Friday, four of whom(=of whom four) were badly injured at the scene. 七人被困在星期五的大火里，其中四人在现场严重受伤。

Tai Mahal was built with marble, the colour of which (=of which the colour/whose colour) was white.

泰姬陵是由大理石建成的，大理石的颜色是白色的。

注意：

the +名词+of whom/which可换为：of whom/which+the+名词或whose+名词

3.

在“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择原则。

（1）根据介词与动词的搭配关系

There are some details in the project, about which

the manager cares much.(care about) 在这项工程里有一些细节，对此经理非常关心。

（2）根据介词与形容词的搭配关系

I introduced some subjects to her, in which she may be interested .(be interested in) 我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对此感兴趣。

He has three daughters, of whom he is proud.(be proud of)

他有三个女儿，他因她们而自豪。

（3）根据介词与先行词的关系。

The president said that he didn’t need any reason, for which

the plan couldn’t be carried out.(for any reason) 总监说他不需要任何理由，因为这个计划不能得到执行。

（4）根据属于与被属于（或部分与整体）的关系。

English is a language shared by several diverse（不同的）

cultures, each of which

uses it differently. 英语是一种多文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。

Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐他们自己的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。

4.as, which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别。

项目

as which 指代

引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又

可指代主句的一部分

位置

可位于主句之前，之中或之后

引导的从句不能位于主句之前

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3

意义

功能

正如

这，那

起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句

点，看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处

The number of smoker, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(as引导非限制性定语从句) 正如所报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。

As a student in senior high school,the most important task is to study hard, which

determines our future.(which引导非限制性定语从句) 作为一名高中生，最重要的任务就是努力学习，这决定着我们的未来。

He has got such a good chance as everyone else wants.(such...as..., as 引导限制性定语从句) 他得到了一个其他每个人都想要的好机会。

注意：①关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时通常用于结构the same ...as及such...as... ②关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句常指代后面的内容，which常指代前面的内容。

【活学活用】

1.填入恰当的介词

1)There was a prison on the island, _________ which nobody escaped. 2)He has made great progress in his work, _________which his parents feel proud. 3)Sometimes we may be in a similar situation, ________ which we have ever been. 2.完成句子

1)They have bought an apartment recently, ________________________________ face south. 最近他们买了一套公寓，公寓的两个房间朝南。

2)_____________________________________, the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围着太阳转。