Learning about Language教学设计第二课时

语法专题：定语从句

解题基本步骤：1.判断是否为定语从句；

2.找出从句中所缺成分(主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语)从而判断是用关系代词还是关系副词；

3.找出先行词(看是人、物或者是其他状语) 注：缺主语：从句中谓语动词前没有主语。

缺宾语：1.从句中谓语动词为及物动词，后无宾语时；

2.从句中介词后无宾语；

3.从句中谓语动词为后可跟双宾语的动词

缺表语：从句中系动词后无表语时；

缺定语：从句中的主语与先行词表所属关系时；

缺状语： 1主谓宾成分全

先行关系词

词

分

Do you know the man who is talking with 从句成例

句

备

注

who 人

主、宾

your mother? The boy (who) you are taking care of is my brother. who，whom, which和that在从句中做宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom 时，常可以省略，但关whom 系代

词

人或whose 物

人

宾语

The boy (whom) she loved died in 代词不能省略，也不the war.. I like those books whose topics are 可以用that，who I am working 介词提前时后面关系whose + n.. =

the + n. of

whom = of

whom the n. about history. 定语

如指物用which Eg: I saw a tree whose （…的）

The boy whose father works abroad leaves were black.

I sat next to a girl is my desk mate.

whose name was

人或that 物

主，宾，表（不用于非限和介词后）

A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. The book (which) I gave you was marry

主，宾，worth $10. which 物

表

The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected 人或as 物

主，宾

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

时间状when 关系where 副

词

why 原因

语

turned down my offer. 地点

语

原因状I can’t imagine the reason why he 可用for which 时间

语

地点状This is the house where I was born. 可用prep.+ which met there. I will never forget the day when we 可用prep. + which by all of us. as做宾语一般不省略，常用于the same …

as, such… as, as… as, so…as 结构中

考点解析：

只能用that做关系词的情况：

(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰。Eg:

He is the only man that I want to see. (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything, everything…时；

He told me everything that he knows. (3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰抑或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词时。Eg: This is the most interesting book that I have read.

This is the first book that he has read.

(4) 先行词既有人又有物时。Eg:

We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

(5) 当句中已有who, which时，为避免重复. Eg：

Who is the man that is making a speech?

（6）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。Eg:

Marry is no longer the girl that she used to be.

只能用which做关系词的情况：

(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某事物或前面的整个主句并在句中做主、宾语时。Eg: He had failed in the exam, which made his father angry.

(2) 在介词后面，用which指代事物。

This is the room in which my father lived last year.

(3) 当先行词本身是that 时。Eg:

What is that which is flying in the sky? 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：

(1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以在句首、句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意。Eg:

They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.

As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

(2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在

“so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样……以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句。Eg:

He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.

(3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。Eg:

That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）

That’s the same tool that I used last week. (同一把)

定语从句中的主谓一致：

(1) 关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。Eg:

The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.

The students who are in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

(2）当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；

当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词。

Eg: He is the only one of the students that is never late .他是学生中唯一从不迟到的学生。

He is one of the students that are never late .他是从不迟到的学生之一。

关系副词相关考点：

(1)

当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition…等表示情况、方面的模糊化、抽象化的地方并且从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导定从。Eg: Can you think of a situation where we can use this word correctly? After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed decide what to do. (2)

the way 做定语从句的先行词时，如果定从中少状语，用that、in which或×来引导定语从句。如果少宾语用that 、which 或×。如少主语用that 、which。

Eg:

I do not like the way that / in which /

× he spoke to me. The way (that / which )he told us is useful. 关系副词= 介词 + 关系代词(Prep. + which/whom)：

We thought you were a person from whom we could expect good decisions.

.

The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone. 基本结构的拓展

1. 名词+介词+关系代词

This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor. =This is the teacher _________________ is a famous doctor. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase（花瓶）, _______ was very reasonable（合理的）.

A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

2. 数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数）

We have three foreign teachers, ___________are from Canada. (其中的两个）

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.

A. of which

B. which of

C. of them

D. of that

3. 代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all, both, none, neither, either, some, any等）

The old woman has two sons, __________ are teachers.（两个都是）

Last week, two persons came to see the house, ___________wanted to buy it. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. all of whom

4. 形容词最高级/比较级+介词+关系代词

China has thousands of islands, _______________ is Taiwan Island.（其中最大的）

There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.

A. the larger

B. the larger of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

5. 介词+关系代词+名词

He spent four years in college, _____________ he studied medicine.（在那段时间内）

6. 复杂介词+关系代词

常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。

Eg：We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. 既缺先行词，又缺引导词的情况，如：

1)Is this factory ____ we visited last year?

2)Is this the factory ____we visited last year?

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D.what