Learning about Language获奖说课稿

Unit 1 Cultural relics Grammar – The Attributive Clause III I. Revision 1. 含义：在复合句中，用作______

的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的__

___或_____

叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面, 由_________

或_________

引导。

2. 关系词的用法：

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关系代词在定语从句中代替先行词做主语、宾语、表语或定语。先行词做主宾表, 是人时用

_____

, ______

或

_____

；是物时用

______

或

______

。先行词作定语, 表示“…… 的”时, 用

______

。

1. Look at the girl _________ is singing so beautifully. 2. Do you know the woman to ______

our teacher is talking? 3. Jim is the boy ______

hat is red. 4. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week. 5. Mary has read all the books ______

I lent her. ☆

关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词做状语。先行词作原因状语时用

_____；作地点状语时用

_______；作时间状语时, 用

______。

6. Is it the reason _____

you were late? 7. October 1st is the date _____

China celebrates its National Day. 8. We walked in a garden ______

many trees and flowers had been planted. 9. This is the island ______

I lived for two years. 10. 2001-2005 are the years _____ I studied in the university. ☆

“介词

+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时, 介词的选择要看与定语从句中_____

,

______的搭配, 以及与______

的搭配。介词后的关系代词只能是_____

或_____

。

11. He is the man __

_____

you can believe. 12. He gave me some books ____

______ I am not very familiar.

13. This is the reason ___

______ he was late.

14. I will never go to the restaurant again __

______ I was treated badly. 15. 2008 is the year __

______ the Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 练习：

一、单项选择

1. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.

A. whose

B. who

C. whom

D. which 2. In fact Tom did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where

B. who C. in which D. which 3. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.

A. where

B. /

C. when

D. what 4. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

A. where

B. that C. which

D. on which 5. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago?

A. on which

B. in which

C. which

D. the one 6. I shall never forget those years __ I live in the farm __ you visited last week.

A. when; where

B. which; which

C. when; which

D. which; where 二. 使用适当的关系词填空

1. That is the boy ______ mother is a famous musician. 2. We don’t know the number of people ________

lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.

3. The house __________

they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.

4. I’ll never forget the day _____ (=___ which ) I was born. 5. I visited the house _____ (=__ which) Lu Xun once lived. 6. The reason _____(=___ which) he got worried was this.

II. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

☆

对比：

1. Professor Wang has a son who works in Beijing.

王教授有个在北京工作的儿子。

2. Professor Wang has a son, who works in Beijing.

王教授有一个儿子，在北京工作。

3. The teachers who are kind are popular with the students.

态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。

4. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.

王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。

1. 限制性定语从句：先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。

eg: Toronto is a city (that) I've always wanted to visit. 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。

2. 非限制性定语从句：

(1) 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，从句只是对先行词做些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。

(2) 从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。

(3) 非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如引导词作主语用who,作宾语用whom;指物时要用which。关系词即使作宾语不可省略。

(4) 翻译时一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。

eg: 1. Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.

2. Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London.

3. He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.

4. 我的房子有一个漂亮的花园, 我是去年买的。

5. <<简爱>>很有趣，我已经读了三遍了。

6. 这个笔记本是汤姆留下的，刚才他还在这里。

3. 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。

eg: A middle-aged woman killed her husband, ________frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。

析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。

A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, ________surprises all the people present. 一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。

析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。

4. 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。

eg: This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的女孩。

先行词the girl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom。

A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.

一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。

先行词a new girl friend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用who代替whom。

5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom指人，用which指事物

；

也不可用why, 而用for which。

eg: I didn’t pass the exam, that disappointed my teacher. I didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed my teacher. I have told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 6. 引导非限制性定语从句时，as 和which的选择

(1) as 和which 都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。

eg: He failed in the exam,

was natural. 他考试没及格，这很自然。（作主语）

He is an honest boy,

anybody can see. 任何人都看得出来，他是个诚实的孩子。（作宾语）

The man seemed a German,

in fact he was. 那个人看起来是个德国人，事实上他就是个德国人。（做表语）

☆

但要注意以下区别：

a) 如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中，只能用as.

Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows. As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。

This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date. 众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。

b) 当which 在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as 代替which The dog, which we saw in the street yesterday, is Mary’s.

我们昨天在街道上见到的那条狗是玛丽的。

(2) as

在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式；

which在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的主动式。

eg: A big earthquake occurred in Xinjiang last night,

on TV. 据电视报道，昨天晚上新疆发生了大地震。

He passed the exam,

. 他通过了考试，这使得他父母很高兴。

(3) as 引导的从句在意义上与主句意义一致，表示“正如”，

而which 引导的定语从句不受此限制。

eg: Chang’e-II has been launched successfully,

was expected. 嫦娥二号发射成功，正如所预料的那样。（语意一致）

The result of the experiment was very good,

hadn’t expected.

实验的结果很好，这是我们没预料到的。（语意不一致）

(4) as 常用于一些固定结构中：



as we know / as is known to all

(众所周知) 

as we all can see

(正如我们大家都能看到的那样) 

as is often the case

(情况常常是这样) 

as might be imagined

(可以想象其他得到) 

as might be expected

(正如所预料的那样) 

as has been pointed out

(正如所指出的那样) 

as has been said before/ above

(正如前文所述) 

as (it) often happens

(像往常一样)

小结

限制性定语从句

意义上

功能上

结构上

综合练习

非限制性定语从句

从句与主句关系

，从句对先行词

从句与主句的关系相对

，从句用起修饰

，缺少从句会影响句于

主句的内容和信息，去掉从句意的完整。

不影响句意的完整。

修饰

修饰

1.没有停顿，主句与从句之间不用逗号; 1.主句，从句之间多用

; 2.关系词若作从句的

，可省略; 2. 关系词很少可以省略: 3.可用that 引导

3.不能用that引导. 一、单项选择题

1. The run rises in the east and sets in the west, ______ is known to everybody.

A. which

B. this

C. that

D. it 2. Beethoven, ______health was poor, became a very famous musician in the end.

A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. which

3. He will have to wait until next month, ______everything has been ready.

A. which

B. where

C. when

D. by what

4. The shop assistant was very rude to the customer, ______made the latter very angry.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. what 5. The weather turned out to be very good, __was more than we could expect. A what

B which

C that

D it 6.___ is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth. A It

B As

C That

D What 7. Have you seen the film Titanic, ____ leading actor is very popular. A its

B what

C that

D whose 8. Recently I bought a vase, ____ was very high. A which price

B its price

C the price of which

D the price of whose 9. ___ is mentioned above, the number of the students in the senior schools is increasing. A which

B As

C That

D It 10. Tangshan was hit by earthquake, from __effects the people were still suffering. A that

B whose

C those

D what

二、翻译。

1. 汕头市位于广东的东部,她正在变得越来越漂亮。

2. 李雷是二班的班长，今天下午要去参加一个重要的会议。

3. 住在隔壁的那个妇女是个医生。

4. 我姐姐玛丽是个医生，她住在伦敦。

5. 她有两个在政府工作的儿子。

6. 她有两个儿子，他们在政府工作。

7. 我在1988年来到上海，

那年我五岁。

8. 我们搬到上海，那时我还很小。

9. 我决定给妈妈买份生日礼物，她一个人住在农村。

10. 我要飞往昆明，在这个季节那里很暖和。

三、单句改错。

1. This is the new car that I bought it last week.

2. The man came yesterday is our English teacher..

4. Those who wants to go there please write down names.

5. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.

6. This is all which I can do for you.

7. Can you think of anyone who’s house was here?

8. I know the reason that she looks so worried.

9. He left me the book, that is very useful for me.

10. This is the room which food is kept.

11. It is one of the pictures that ___

_ been sold. 12. It is the only one of the pictures that __

been sold