Learning about Language教学内容

Unit 1

Cultural relics

Learning about language Discovering useful words and expressions 1. to choose carefully-- 2. not seen or found very often-- 3. welcome area in a hotel --- 4. to surprise somebody very much

--- select rare reception amaze 1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text. 5. no more than-- 6. made of wood-- 7. trying to find something; looking

carefully for something--- 8. to manage to live or continue in

difficulties-- 9. to take something away -- less than wooden in search of survive remove 10. person who creates things which can be considered works of art

-- 11. of an earlier period or time; happening before -- 12. in a situation in which two sides fight each other --- artist former at war Chen Lei studied art history and the early ________ of China in a university. He was able to recognize the _____ of different cultural relics from former times,

dynasties style rare

designed

decorated

style

doubt

fancy

dynasties

amazing

worth

jewels 2. Complete the passage with

the words below.

especially the Tang and Song dynasties. One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an _______ object among the many different vases and ______. It was a mirror ________ in the Song Dynasty and _________ in the ______ style of that time.

amazing jewels designed decorated fancy He recognized that it was a _______ cultural relic, but at a price he could afford, so he bought it at once. Later he gave it to his local museum. The people there were very happy and without ______ consider it one of the treasures of their collection. To them, it was ______ much more than Chen Lei paid. rare doubt worth Answer key for exercise 3

A---3

B---2 C---3

D---1 Discovering useful structures Sentences with attributive clauses : This gift was the Amber Room, which was

given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 2. The amber which was selected had a beautiful

yellow-brown colour like honey. 3. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s

best artists

about ten years to make. Can you find out more the sentences with attributive clauses? Answers to exercise 2: Restrictive attributive clauses give important

information to find a particular thing or

person from two or more other things or people. ( see the sentence 2 in exercise 1) 2. Non-restrictive attributive clauses give extra information which is interesting or useful

but not essential for finding a particular thing or person.( see the sentences 1, 3 in exercise 1) Answer key for exercise 3 Example : Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month. Hangzhou is a famous city in China, where many people come to buy tea. I don’t know the reason why she got so angry.

Complete 4----10 by yourself…..

Answer key for exercise 4 whose daughter studies in a key university who discovered the terracotta warriors which was decorated with valuable jewels where she can learn about former dynasties which was drawn by a famous artist in the

Tang Dynasty 6. which is very beautiful

7. when we get together to celebrate 8. that I can’t remember

9. which is known for its good food 10. when the weather was warm and sunny Grammar The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause She has two brothers who are working in

the city.

(She has more than two brothers.)

她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。

b) She has two brothers, who are working in

the city.

(She has only two brothers.)

她有两个弟弟, 他们在这个城市工作。

品味一“翻”

下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差，意义大相径庭。

He will wear no clothes which will make him

different from others.

他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。

b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him

different from others.

他不穿衣服, 这会使他显得与众不同。

非限制性定语从句

构成：

+,+ 先行词

She has two brothers, (who are working in the city). + 其他部分

关系词的指代关系

指人

指物

在定语从句中的作用

Who

Whom

Whichwhose

√

√

主语

宾语

主语

宾语

定语

√

√

√

宾语

指代整个主句

关系副词(where, when)的指代关系

指地指时在定语从句点

间

中的作用

WhereWhen

√

√

时间状语

地点状语

that, why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。

tip As引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首, 指代整个的主句。常译为“正如”。

介词+which 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少

的定语, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或

失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，

写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语

的关系代词常可省略。如: a) What is the name of the tall woman who

is standing there?

站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字? b) Toronto is a city (that) I've

always wanted

to visit. 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。

2. 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,

只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉, 主句

的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用

逗号分开, 一般不用that引导。非限制性定语

从句中, 关系词不可省略。如：

Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。

b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who

came from the University of London.

昨天我遇见金教授, 他从是伦敦大学来的。

c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just

what I needed. 他借给我一本词典, 这正是我所需要的。

3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词

往往为某一个词或短语, 而特殊场合非限制性

定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句, 此时非

限制性定语从句常由which引导。

e.g. A middle-aged woman killed her husband,

which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。

析: 从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年

女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，

因此

先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导

定语从句。

e.g. A five-year-old boy can speak two

foreign languages, which surprises all

the people present. 一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语, 令所有在场

的人感到非常惊讶。

析: 从语境可知, 令所有在场的人感到惊讶

的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个

一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由

which引导非限制性定语从句。

Her brother who is now a soldier

always encourages her to go to

college.

她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上

大学。(意含: 她还有其他哥哥) 比较下列句子:

Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是当兵的, 他总是鼓励她

上大学。(意含: 她只有一个哥哥) All the books that have pictures

in them are well written. 所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。

(意含:不带插图的书则不一定写得好) All the books, which have pictures

in them, are well written. 所有的书都带插图, 这些书都写得

很好。(意含: 没有不带插图的书) 当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,

往往先确定先行词，然后再分析先行词

在从句中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。

整理一番

品读规律

Tom found the ancient book, which was broken. As is said in the newspaper, two farmers saw the UFO in the field. I like the house, whose windows face the sea. 先行词指物，在从句中做主或宾语，用关系词which，不能用that。

As 引导的非限制性定语从句, 常位于句首, which不可以。

先行词在从句做定语, 用关系词

whose 介词+关系代词，介词的选用，要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。

People will remember August 8th, 2008, when 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing. 先行词在从句中作时间状语, 用when或介词+which。

Cindy is a lovely girl, with whom many people like to make friends.

错漏“摆”出

1. People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang, he

was the first Chinese to walk in space . 2. Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,

2008, when a big earthquake happened in

Sichuan then. 3. Which is shown on TV, many children

suffered a lot from the polluted milk. he who then去掉

Which As 错漏“摆”出

4. Lin Hao is a hero, who we should learn.

5. China got the most gold medals in the

Olympics, that makes people excited.

6. I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th

Olympic Games was held. who from whom that which which where/ in which who we should learn from Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _____________

people visit the famous West Lake. 2. Beijing,

_________ is the capital of China,

has a very long history. 3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student. 4. The young man had a new girl friend,

________ is a pop star. Exercises which As who where/in which 5. I should thank my teacher, with ______

help, I solved the problem.

6. He once worked on the Bird’s Nest,

____ _______ his son is proud.

whose of which 39 39 “Doctor,” she said loudly, breaking into the

room, _____ there was a man, “I want you to

tell what is wrong with me.” He looked at

her from head to foot, then said, “____ is

shown in the mirror, I've just three things

to tell you.

Fill in the blanks with proper link words The doctor lives downstairs where

As 40 40 First, I suggest you, my lady, _________

weight needs reducing by nearly fifty pounds.

Second,

you may use 1/10 as much lipstick (口红), by ______ you will be prettier.

And third, I’m an artist---the doctor,

______ you are looking for, lives downstairs." which whom whose What does the woman look like? She must be the _____ lady, who is…;

whose…

first Guess who he/ she is

According to the notes, each group try

to make as many sentences as you can

so as to describe a famous person we know. Other students try to guess who he/she is. Try to use non-restrictive attributive clause,

use different relative words. 惜时再现

非限制性定语从句的构成; 关系代词

which, whose, whom, who; as的用法; 关系副词where，when的应用; 禁用: _____, ______ 1. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected. whose

B. that

C. who

D. which

【2013福建】

高考链接：

【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定

语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。

2. Happiness and success often come to those ____ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who

C. what D. which

【2013湖南】

【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定

语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。

3. The president of the World Bank says he has

a passion for China

, he remembers starting as

early as his childhood. where

B. which

C. what

D. when

【2013江苏】

【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从

句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。

4. John invited about 40 people to his wedding,

most of

are family members. A them

B. that

C. which

D. whom

【2013重庆】

【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能用that，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。

5. The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.

A. all of what

B. all of which

C. all of them

D. all of whom

【2013浙江】

【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先

行词为children，故答案为D。

6. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who

C. where

D. whom

【2012浙江卷】

【答案】B 【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。

7. We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before. Why

B. when

C. to whom

D. on which

【2012浙江卷】

【答案】B 【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。

8. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. in whom

B. in them

C. of whom

D. of them

【2012四川卷】

【答案】

C

【解析】本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them,而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。

9. (10福建24) Stephen Hawking believes that

earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life

has developed gradually.

A. that B. where

C. which D. whose 10. (10湖南28) I’ve become good friends with

several of the students in my school _____ I met

in the English speech contest last year.

A. who

B. where

C. when

D. which B A 11. The Beatles, ___many of you are old

enough to remember, came from

Liverpool. (2007 天津)

A. what B. that C. how D. as

解析: D 本题考查非限制性定语从句, as可

引导非限制性定语从句, 相当于which。

12. _____ is known to everybody, the moon

travels around the earth once every month.

(NMET2001) A. It

B. As

C. That

D. what

解析: B

本题考察非限定性定语从句。

as引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，

意思是“正如……”

，as在从句中充当主语

时常用结构: as is known, as is said,

as is

reported等，所以答案是B。

13. Alice received an invitation from her

boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it

B. that

C. which

D. he

解析: C 此为非限定性从句, 不能用

that引导, 而用which。it 和he 都使

后句成为句子, 两个独立的句子不能

单以逗号连接, 况且选he句意不通。

14. The weather turned out to be very good,

___ was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. it 解析: B

which可代替句子，用于非限定

性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于

非限定性定语从句，it不是连词，在英语

语法上行不通。

15. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch

bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008 福建)

A. of which

B. on which

C. from which

D. above which

D 16. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.

(2008 湖南)

A. most of them

B. most of which

C. most of what

D. most of that

B 17. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. (2008 江苏)

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where A 18. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect. (2008 全国)

A. it

B. what

C. which

D. that C 19. The man pulled out a gold watch,

_____ were made of small diamonds. (2008 陕西)

A. the hands of whom

B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of

D. the hands of which D 20. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _______ New York is an example.

(2008 四川)

A. for which

B. in which

C. of which

D. from which C 21. Yesterday she sold her car, ______

she bought a month ago. (2008 浙江)

A. whom

B. where

C. that

D. which 22. I’ll give you your friend’s home

address, ____ I can be reached most

evenings. (2008 北京)

A. which

B. when

C. whom

D. where D D 23. They will fly to Washington, ____ they

plan to stay for two or three days.

(2008 重庆)

A. where

B. there

C. which

D. when 24. All the neighbor admire this family,

______ the parents are treating their

child like a friend. (2008 安徽)

A. why

B. where

C. which

D. that A B For more exercises, click here. She was always speaking highly of her

role in the play, of course, _____ made the others unhappy.

which

B. who

C. this

D. what 2. After living in Paris for fifty years he

returned to the small town _______ he

grew up as a child.

which

B. when

C. that

D. where A

D

练一练

3.

The gentleman ______ you told me

yesterday proved to be a thief.

A. who

B. about whom

C. whom

D. with whom 4. Please take any seat ____ is free.

A. which

B. where

C. in which

D. that B

D

5. The old man has two sons, _______

is a soldier.

A. one of whom

B. both of them

C. all of whom

D. none of them 6. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers

(摩天大楼)_____ has more than

100 storeys.

A. the higher of them

B. the highest of which

C. the highest of them D. some of which A

B

11. Mr. Wang is a boss, ______ factory

Li Ping worked.

A. in whose

B. whose

C. in whom

D. of which 12. I don’t like the way _____ you speak

to her.

A. /

B. that

C. in which

D. All A, B, and C A

D

13. I shall never forget the years _______

I lived in the country with the farmers,

______ has a good effect on my life.

A. that, which

B. when, which

C. which, that

D. when, who 14. _____ is known to all, China will be an

advanced and powerful country in 20

or 30 year’s time.

A. What

B. That

C. As

D. It B

C

15. Is this book _____ you want to

borrow from the library?

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D. / 16. Such a book ______ you showed me

is difficult to understand.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. like C

C

猜猜看, 下面的句子明白了吗? 1. 不懂装懂, 一事无成。

He who knows nothing but pretends to

know everything,

is indeed a good-for-nothing. 2. 甘当小绵羊, 迟早要喂狼。

He that makes himself a sheep shall be

eaten by the wolf. 3. 万事开头难。

It’s the first step that costs.

4. 千里之行, 始于足下。

He who would climb that ladder must

begin at the bottom. 5.自满的人腹中空。

He who is full of himself is very empty.

6. 闪光的未必都是金子。

Not all that glitters is gold.

For more exercises, click here. Homework Review the grammar points; Finish exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 on page 4; Preview using language.