Learning about Languageppt课件课堂实录

Unit 3 Computers Learning about Language Teaching Aims：

1.Help the students to learn to use some useful words and expressions. 2.Enable the students to learn how to use the present perfect passive voice. Teaching Important Point：

The use of the present perfect passive voice. Teaching Difficult Points：

How to master the usages of some important words and phrases and the present perfect passive voice. Teaching Methods：

1.Task-based learning. 2.Cooperative learning. 3.Explanation and practice. Teaching Aids：

1.A tape recorder. 2.A multimedia. Teaching Procedures：

Step1：Discovering useful words and expressions

Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text. 1._________ complete change in ways of thinking, working, etc. 2. ________ connected computer system 3. ________ to make things easier 4. ________ to find the answer using numbers 5. _______ can be moved easily from place to place 6.________ to work out the answer to a problem 7._______ to travel around an area to find out about it

8. ______ completely 9. _______ anyway

10. _______ activity of managing money Complete the following sentence from the reading passage, paying attention to the underlined part. 1. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I ______________ in offices and homes since the 1970s. 2. Over time my memory ___________ so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I ______________.

3. Since the 1970s many applications _______________ for me. Step 2: Learning about grammar

1. Passive Voice—Overview Tense or Model

Simple Present Simple past Simple Future Present Continuous Present perfect The English lesson is being taken every day. Passive Sentence

The English lesson is taken every day. The English lesson was taken every day. The English lesson will be taken every day. The English lesson has been taken since 1950. The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War Past perfect occurred. 2.The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。如：

1. )The dirty clothes have been washed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。

2.) The plan has been studied by the

experts for three times.

这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。

3.注意:1).副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly,

seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。

如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2.) 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken

place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in

China since 1978. open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself.

[正] The door has opened of itself. 3). 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of. 4). 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思, 则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought?

(F) How long ago was this book bought?(T) 4.主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the

factory.

歌诀是: 宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。

4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一个保留不动。

主动: I have given him the key. 被动: He has been given the key. 被动: The key has been given (to) him. 5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动, 改称主语补足语。

主动: I have asked her to help you. 被动: She has been asked to help you. 5.句型

1). 现在完成时被动语态肯定句

主语+has/ have been +P.P.+... (P.P.=动词的过去分词形式) Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车被盗了。

All the offices have been linked by computer. 所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。

2). 现在完成时被动语态否定句

主语+has/ have +not+ been+ P.P.+... The task has not been finished yet. 任务尚未完成。

Many skilled workers have not been trained in the company. 这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。

3). 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句

Has he(she, it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+...? Has a new computer been bought? 买了一台新电脑吗? Have they been sent abroad to study Eng-lish?

他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗? 4). 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句

疑问词+have (has)+主语+been+ P.P.+...? What has been bought by Tom? 汤姆已经买了什么东西? Who have been helped by the new computer? 谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助? How many buildings have been built in

this school?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?

Where has the car been repaired? 这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?

6.

试分析

1)

[误] Many new buildings been built since 2000． [正] Many new buildings have been built since 2000．

[析] 谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。 2）[误] Something bad has been happened to him．

[正] Something bad has happened to him. [析] 被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。 3）[误] The door has been opened of itself． [正] The door has opened of itself．

[析] 有些动词如open, break, drop

等既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”。因此, 此句不可用被动语态。

4) [误] I have introduced to Mr Li． [正] I have been introduced to Mr

Li (by Mr Wang)．

[析] introduce为及物动词, I 是

introduce的承受者。 Step3：Practice 一、改错

1. A personal computer has bought by us. 2. Many problems has been found with our new computer.

3. A PC has been built the way we wanted. 4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. 5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. 二、用动词正确形式填空。

1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I _______________ (use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.

2. Over time my memory ______________

(develop) so much that, like an elephant,

I never forget anything I __________________(told). 3. Since the 1970s many new applications

__________________ (find) for me.

4. I have also ___________(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones

as well as _________(help) with medical operations.

5. I ____________________(put) into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

Step 4: homework Try to remember the grammar rules and do exercises in the workbook.