Learning about Language国家优质课一等奖

Unit3 Computers Learning about language I.

Teaching aims：

1）Grasp the usage of such important expressions :

2）Understand the uses of the Present Perfect Passive Voice 3）

Use the Present Perfect Passive Voice correctly

[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X

|K]II. Key points & Difficulties 1）How to use the phrases correctly. 2）How can students use the sentence pattern freely.

3）To get the students to know the Present Perfect Passive Voice and learn how to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 4）To enable the students to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice correctly

III.Teaching methods Discussing, summarizing and practicing. IV.Teaching aids

V. Teaching procedure:Step 1: Lead-in

Review the knowledge they have learnt in last class. Step 2.Discovering useful words and expressions 1. ___revolution______ complete change in ways of thinking, working, etc. 2. ___network_____ connected computer system 3. ____simplify____ to make things easier 4. ___calculate_____ to find the answer using numbers 5.___mobile____ can be moved easily from place

to place 6.____solve____ to work out the answer to a problem 7.___explore____ to travel around an area to find

out about it

8. __totally____ completely 9. ___anyhow____ anyway 10. ___finance____ activity of managing money 来源学§科§网

Step 3. Discovering useful structures

1. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.

3. Since the 1970s many applications have been found for me. 4. The problem have not been solved by us yet. 5. The computers has been given away to a local school by the company. 6. A kind of intelligent robot has been developed by the scientists.

Step 4. Grammar 一．

定义

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响. 二．句型

1. 现在完成时被动语态肯定句

主语+has/ have been +P.P.+... (P.P.=动词的过去分词形式) Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车被盗了。

All the offices have been linked by computer. 所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。

2. 现在完成时被动语态否定句

主语+has/ have +not+ been+ P.P.+... The task has not been finished yet. 任务尚未完成。

Many skilled workers have not been trained in the company. 这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。

3. 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句

Has he(she, it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+...? Has a new computer been bought? 买了一台新电脑吗? Have they been sent abroad to study English? 他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?

4. 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句

疑问词+have (has)+主语+been+ P.P.+...? What has been bought by Tom? 汤姆已经买了什么东西? Who have been helped by the new computer? 谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助? How many buildings have been built in

this school?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼?

Where has the car been repaired?

这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?

注意：

副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。

如:[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.

2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself.

[正] The door has opened of itself. 3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。

如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of. 4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin,

buy, start, return, marry, open, join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与

表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达

相应的意思, 则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought? 三．主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾

语, 将主格改为宾格。如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

歌诀是: 宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。

4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的

一个宾语变为主语, 另一个保留不动。

主动: I have given him the key. 被动: He has been given the key. 被动: The key has been given (to) him.

5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,

只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补

保留不动, 改称主语补足语。

主动: I have asked her to help you. 被动: She has been asked to help you. Step 5.一.改错

1. A personal computer has bought by us. has 后加been 2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. has 改为have 3. A PC has built the way we wanted. has 后加been 4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet.

just has been

改为

has just been

5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. was改为

has been

6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. had改为have been 二．用动词正确形式填空。

1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I ____have been used___________ (use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.

2. Over time my memory ____has developed__________

(develop) so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I __________have been told________(told). 3. Since the 1970s many new applications _______have been found___ (find) for me. 4. I have also ____been put_______(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as _____help____(help) with medical operations.

5. I ______have even been put______________(put) into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

Step 6.Homework Try to remember the grammar rules and do exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 21.