Learning about Language优质课教案内容

Unit 3

Computers Learning about language Grammar: the passive voice of the present perfect tense

Teaching aims : 1. Learn the usage of the passive voice of the present perfect tense

2. Maser the structures and forms of the passive voice of the present perfect tense 3. Use the passive voice of the present perfect tense correctly. Teaching important and difficult points: 1. How to master the usage of the passive voice of the present perfect tense 2. Learn some key words and phrases. Teaching steps: I .Revision :Revise the Future Passive Voice

构成形式: (Future Passive Voice)：Will/shall +be + V过去分词，

shall 用于第一人称:I /we ；will 用于任何人称，

否定句:在will/shall后+not，一般疑问句:把will /shall 提前

Be going to be +V过去分

Be to be +V过去分词

The students of class one will clean the playground. ---The playground will be cleaned by the students of class one.

We are going to hold a meeting on Saturday afternoon. ---A meeting is going to be held (by us) on Saturday afternoon. The twins are to repair the machine tomorrow.

---The machine is to be repaired (by the twins) tomorrow. The host will give the winner a computer as the prize. ---The winner will be given a computer as the prize (by the host). ---A computer will be given (by the host) to the winner as the prize. II 现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1.表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果.

Eg. The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去)

2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long...?句型中. Eg. The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. Eg.They have been told about it for many times.他们被告知这件事很多次了。

How long has the machine been used? 这机器用了有多久了？

注意：

(1)由

finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, marry , open 等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能直接与表示一段时间的短语如

for four days, how long 等连用，需要改换动词或时态。

如：How long has this book been bought？(×) How long has this book been had？(√)

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When was this book bought？(√) 这本书买了多久了

但这类动词的否定式可以表示动作的持续过程，因而可与since 或

for 引导的时间状语连用。

如No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

(2) 但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。

Great changes ________ in the city , and a lot of factories

________.

A. have been taken place ; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place ,were set up

只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态, 如:happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit , stand, break out, come true, belong to等．

What has happened to your brother?

( √ ) What was happened to your brother?

( × ) 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。

如：The orphan has been well looked after.这个孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。

现在完成时的标志:recently /already/yet for+一段时间

/since+时间点

现在完成时的被动语态结构:

have/has＋been＋及物动词的过去分词

He has been sent to study the new technology in the company.

否定句: He has not been sent to study the new technology in the company. 现在完成时的否定句式：

__________________________________________________________________

一般疑问句: Has he been sent to study the new technology in the company?

现在完成时的一般疑问句式：

__________________________________________________________________

特殊疑问句: Where has he been sent to study the new technology?

现在完成时的特殊疑问句式：

__________________________________________________________________ Correct mistakes: 1.The child has been taken good care by Grandma all these years. (

) 2.A notice has been put on the wall.(

)

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二、现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题

1.请注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。

2. 请注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系. The bridge was built last year. 这桥是去年建成的。

The bridge has been built. 这桥已经建好了。

3.请注意一些特殊动词,如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。如: [误] How long has this book been bought? [正] How long ago was this book bought? 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有连续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。如: No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。

Rewrite these sentences using the present perfect passive voice.

1.The teachers have printed the dates of each course in the newspaper.

2.The government has given more information on its website.

3.The government has chosen the computer science department of the university to organize the training course.

4 .The university has suggested that they teach the course with the new computer science textbook.

5.The computer department has promised that we will be able to use a laptop every day.

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