Learning about Language优质课教案整理

完型填空之解题方法和策略

熊丽娟

一、教学导学（16分钟）

（一）目标及分解（1分钟）

1、教学目标：从完型填空的四种解题技巧入手，准确把握从句到段落，再过渡到语篇的运用，并能正确语使用解题技巧，运用到实践中。

2、目标分解：

（1）准确把握四种解题技巧在完型中的运用；

（2）正确使用解题技巧，运用到实践中。

（二）解读及示范）

卷别

年份

短文长度

体裁

题材

2017 270 记叙文

人物介绍

2卷

2016 234 夹叙夹议文

生活感悟

2015 217 夹叙夹议文

个人经历

1.短文特点

长度：约250词，最近三年的8套题中，最长的是270词，最短的是217词。

体裁：近三年全部是记叙文和夹叙夹议文。

内容：传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。

Ⅱ卷

2017 2016 2015 单

词

名

词

8 4 6

动

词（短语）

9 6 6

形容词

3 5 4

副

词

3 3

连

词

3 1

介

词

2

代

词

正确答案分布

5555 5555 5555 2. 设题规律

(1) 设空词以动词和名词为主，其次是形容词、副词。有时考查1道连词(但2016年Ⅰ卷多达3题)，偶尔考查限定词(如2016年Ⅰ卷考查another)、代词(2016年Ⅲ卷考查me)。

(2) 经常考查词组或短语，2016年Ⅰ卷多达4小题。

(3) 高频考点提示：still (adv.依然

adj.不动的), just(只是), even(甚至), yet(然而), but(但是)等经常考查，备考时须重视。

3. 正确选项分布：

正确选项中A、B、C、D的个数均等，都为5个。但2014年课标Ⅰ卷是基本均等或不完全均等(5645)。在高考中恰当运用此规律，可能会给你增加2～3分。

4. 选项特点

同一题的四个选项，一般为同一词类且为同一语法形式。如2017年全国Ⅰ卷第51题：

A. showing

B. acting

C. saying

D. wanting 该题四个选项均为动词且都是-ing形式。

完形填空中的任何一题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息，结合常识进行适度的推理，作出符合逻辑的判断，从而选出正确的答案。可归纳为：上下求索找信息。

有的空格的答案信息点在空格前，有的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。如：

幻灯片12 1. 根据上文信息。

(2017全国Ⅰ卷) I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The

44

language were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my

love for ASL(美式手语). 44. A. official

B. foreign

C. body

D. spoken 解析：根据前文的“hearing”可知，这里的语言应该是有声语言，故选D。

2. 根据下文信息。

(2017全国Ⅱ卷)I gave the kids a special gift,

T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your

49

”

on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词)may seem dull, most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. 49. A. Friends

B. Awards

C. Masters

D. Ta 解析：根据下句“

most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. ”可知作者告诉孩子们动词会伴随一生。伴随一生的应是“朋友”而非award “奖品”，master“主人”，task “任务”，故选A项

幻灯片14 3. 根据上下文信息

(2017全国Ⅰ卷) The story began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club

47

their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating without speaking attracted me.

47. A. recorded

B. performed

C. recited

D. discussed 解析：由空格前的内容I watched as the ASL Club和空格后的内容可知我观看了美式手语俱乐部的一场表演(performed)，他们用手语把一首歌曲翻译了出来。故选B

注意：

虽然绝大多数题只需根据空格所在句的前后信息或空格前后句提供的信息就可以选出正确答案，但有的题的答案信息，可能出现在与空格相差几句之遥，甚至在下一段或更远处。如：

(2017全国Ⅰ卷)…The spoken

language were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did

I know that I would discover my

45

for ASL.

…The professor was deaf and any talking was

57

. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. Instead, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the new way of communication it opens. 45. A. love

B. concern

C. goal D. request 解析：第45题，不但根据本句选不出答案，即使根据上下句，甚至整段，下两段都无法解题，直到最后一段，相隔11句话之后，57空后的“I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant”最后一句可知，作者发现自己爱(love)上了手语，故选A项。

(skimming)把握文章大意，控制在10秒钟左右。

2. 根据语境，初选答案。在把握文章主旨，理解句、段间内在联系的基础上，选出能使补全后短文语义通顺、前后连贯、结构完整的选项。解题过程中，应遵循先易后难的原则，先选出那些自己有把握的选项，并将所选词速写在空格处。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许根据上文信息或空格后一两句都难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。

3. 复读全文，解决难题。借助已经补全的空格，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。

4. 利用规律，不留空格。高考中正确选项A、

B、

C、

D的个数是均等或基本均等的，即每个选项5个。我们在做好有把握的题后，哪个字母的选项最少，就选哪个字母，决不留空。

1. 背景常识

将相关信息和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。如：

幻灯片19 (2017全国Ⅲ卷)Axani wrote in his post that he is not losing anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra

ticket can choose to either travel with him or reserve the ticket and travel on her own.

…He said the

60

woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online. 60. A. honored

B. lovely

C. intelligent

D. lucky 解析：根据常识可知能免费得到环球旅行机票的女士是很幸运的(lucky)，故选D项

2. 词语复现

词语复现是指某一个词以原词，或同义词(如decide与determine)、同源词(如ill与illness)、上下义词(如flower与rose)、反义词(如wrong与right)等方式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，我们可以借助这一衔接手段解答完形填空题。如：

(1) 原词复现

(2017全国Ⅰ卷)…I never felt an urge to

43

any sign language before.

…I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings. I only learned how to…

43. A. choose

B. read

C. learn

D. create 解析：我以前从未有过学习(learn)任何手语的冲动。与下文“I only learned how to sign the alphabet that day”中的“learn”一词是原词复现。故选C项。

(2017全国Ⅰ卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this

41 process and found something…

41. A. searching

B. planning

C. natural

D. formal 解析：根据前文的“explore new aspects of life”可知选A项。searching process意为“探索

(3)同源词复现

(2010大纲Ⅱ卷) It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart; it can keep a

22

with very little effort…. And with that one letter we became friends again. 22. A. record

B. promise

C. friendship

D. secret 解析：由下文的became friends(成为朋友)可知，写信可以毫不费力地保持友谊(friendship),故选C。friend和friendship是同源词复现。

(4) 上下义复现

(2016全国Ⅱ卷)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s

39

—her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’

attitude…

39. A. forgiveness

宽恕

B. eagerness 急切

C. friendliness

D. skillfulness熟练

下义词(具体行为) 上义词(概括) 3. 词语同现

某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中有同时出现的倾向性，叫词语同现。也有人将相关联的一群词称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系。如ill, hospital, doctor, nurse, operation, medicine, patient等一群相互关联的词语就有同时出现在一个语篇中的可能性。如：

(2016全国Ⅰ卷) Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was 41

along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 41. A. walking

B. touring

C. traveling

D. rushing 解析：最有可能与driver(司机), transport(运输), delivering(送货)等词同现的应当是“行驶(traveling)”，而不是“步行(walking)”“旅游(touring)”“冲(rushing)”，故选C项。

4. 逻辑关系

根据句、段间内在的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系、并列关系、条件与结果的关系等。如：

(2017全国Ⅰ卷)I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.

58

, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less.

58. A. Lastly

B. Thus

C. Instead

D. However 解析：上一句I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.与if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less形成对比，句意恰恰相反(Instead)，如果交流中有讲话(即有声语言)的参与，这势必让我们少学习一些手语。故选C项。

(2017全国Ⅱ卷) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104”

was too

43

. 43. A. small

B. dark

C. strange

D. dull 解析：学生认为“Room 104”教室太dull(无聊，没有乐趣)，所以把教室的名字叫做“思想实验室”。前后为因果关系，故选D项。

(2017全国Ⅱ卷) I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词)may seem dull, most of the 50

things they do throughout their lives will be verbs. 50. A. simple

B. unique

C. fun

D. clever

解析：由while(虽然)可知前后为转折关系，前句提到“dull”，所以对应“fun things”即“无聊的”对应“有趣的”。故选C项。

5. 语法知识

近年高考涉及语法的题有并列连词、从句连词、人称代词、限定词，以及词的用法。虽然形式上是考查语法知识，但事实上依然是考查词义和前后的逻辑关系，即根据语境，选择一个能使意义通顺、前后连贯的词。如：

(1) 从句连词

(2016全国Ⅰ卷) Larry …

Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.

43

he got closer, he found another vehicle upside down on the road…

The man who had his bright lights on …and told Larry…

43. A. Since

B. Although

C. As

D. If

解析：将Since (自从)或Although (尽管)代入句中，意义不通；而If (如果)是假设，而这是事实；将As (当……时)代入，“当他走得更近时，他发现了…”意义通顺，前后连贯，故选C项。

代入

(2) 并列连词

(2016全国Ⅰ卷) They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived,

53

she thought the car was going to explode…

53. A. for

B. so

C. and

D. but 解析：因“叫她待着不动等急救员来”与“她以为车就要爆炸”是转折关系，故填表示“但是”的but，意义才通顺。故选D项。

(3) 人称代词

(2016全国Ⅲ卷) When we were finally safe on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did fine. Thank you for filling in for

56

.”

56. A. us

B. yourself

C. me

D. them 解析：由上文可知，作者取代了米勒，米勒应是说“谢谢你取代了我(me)”，故选C项。

(4) 限定词

(2016全国Ⅰ卷) Larry …

Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. As he got closer, he found

44

vehicle upside down on the road…

The man who had his bright lights on …and told Larry…

44. A. each

B. another

C. that

D. his 解析：由下一段首句“The man who had his bright lights on …and told Larry”可知，翻车的不是灯亮着的那辆，而是“另外一辆”，故选B项。

(5) 词的用法

(2016全国Ⅰ卷)

Then, Larry asked the

_57_if he was needed or free to go. They let him and the other man go. 57. A. woman

B. police

C. man

D. driver 解析：由下句“They let him and the other man go”的主语They可知，Larry问的对象是“复数”，只有选项B的the police才有复数的含义，故选B项。

6. 习惯搭配

主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需结合常识来判断。如：

幻灯片38

(2016全国Ⅱ卷) Everything they know about you

44

through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away.

44. A. came

B. moved

C. ran

D. developed 解析：他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时是来自数百英里之外。表示“来自”是come from。move(移动)，run(跑)，develop(发展)与语境不符。故选A项。

Summary 解题步骤

1.通览全文，了解大意。

2.逐句阅读，找准填空依据。

3.通读全文，核实答案。