Learning about Language优质课一等奖教案

必修4

learning abuot language 非谓语动词

教学设计

英语必修四语法知识点

v-ing 的用法

定义：动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，兼有动词和名词的特征，它可以带宾语，也能被状语修饰。动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

基本形式：由动词原形家词尾-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了，而现在分词常表示动作或状态。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅(动名词，表用途) a sleeping child 正在睡觉的孩子(现在分词，表状态)

一、动名词的句法功能

动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、

作主语

1) 直接位于句首做主语。

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。

注意：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数

2)用

it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

这种用法在习惯句型中常用，常用句型：

It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a plessure…

+ v.ing

注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。

3) 用于“There be”结构中。

There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。

There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。

常用句型：There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …

注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语。

4) 用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。

No parking. 禁止停车。

5) 动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。

Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。

2、作宾语

(1)作动词的宾语

*某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。如：

Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗?

She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。

Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)做宾语：find/think/consider…

+ it(形式宾语) + no use/no good/useless…

+ v.ing(真正宾语).

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗?

*形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

(2)作介词的宾语

*能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活? Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。

*在下面的结构中，介词in常可省略：

(1)S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing

(2)S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing

(3)S + be busy + (in) +V.ing

(4)S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing (立即…

…)

We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要听懂英语口语你有困难吗?

3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。

(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping