Learning about Language优质课教案

定语从句

关系代词引导的定语从句(who, whom, whose, which, that, as) 1. who:

1）在定语从句中作主语或宾语，先行词是指人的名词或代词

I was the person in my office who was invited.

若先行词为表示职业的名词，则不用who

Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be. 2）先行词指成员的集合名词，关系代词用who

The family, who live upstairs, are fond of music.

3）who可以引导非限制性定语从句

John, who speaks Spanish, works here. 4）先行词若为拟人化的名词，关系代词也可以用who

You will see the worker ants, who gather food for themselves and for all the others.

5）可代替whom, 在从句中作宾语

The boy who\whom you talked about is a good student.

2. whom:

1）在从句中作宾语，口语中常省略，先行词与who相同

Where is the man (whom) I saw this morning? 2）whom不可以省略的情况：

①在非限制性定语从句中

His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.

②作介词宾语且介词前置时The man (who\whom) you spoke to is a model worker.

= The man to whom you spoke is a model worker.

He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.

He invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.

3. whose: 1）在定语从句中作定语，先行词可指人也可指物

2）whose + n. = of which\whom + the +n. 或

the + n. + of which\whom

①

The old man whose son is in the army is my uncle.

= The old man of whom the son \the son of whom is in the army is my uncle.

②

He borrowed a book whose author was a farmer.

= He borrowed a book of which the author\ the author of which was a farmer.

3）可以引导非限制性定语从句

4. which：

1）在定语从句中作主、宾、表语，先行词为指物的名词或代词

They went into a very large room which looked like a shop.

2) 可引导非限制性定语从句

Now I live in a building, which was built last year.

3）可指代前面一件事

He failed in the exam, which made his parents very angry. 4）可用which 作表语，用来表示某类人所具有的性格、人品、素质、地位或职业

Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wants to be.

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He was patient with the child, which her husband seldom was.

5) 可作介词、介词短语的宾语，且介词可前置

China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan.

This is the room (which) I live in. = This is the room in which I live.

6) 关系代词which可作定语

He may be late, in which case we should wait for him.

He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.

Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, by which time many people have gone home.

5. that: 1) 在定语从句中作主、宾、表语，先行词可指人也可指物

A plane is a machine that can fly.

The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.

He is not the man that he used to be. 2) 不可以引导非限制性定语从句

6. as

在定语从句中作主、宾、表语

1）当先行词与as, so, such, the same 连用或先行词本身是such, the same时，关系代词用as

That’s as good a place as I can find.

She will give you as much advice as is needed.

It is so big a stone as no one can lift. （区分：It is so big a stone that no one can lift it）

I’d like to use the same knife as was used yesterday.

2) 主、丛句的谓语为同一时态时，从句的谓语动词可省略

I have the same opinion as you (have ). 3) 可以引导非限制性定语从句，并且可放在句首

As we all know, the earth goes round the sun.

He didn’t come, as I had expected.

用that 不用which 的情况

1. 先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, none时

All that glitters（发光，闪光）

is not gold.

2. 先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything时

Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 3. 先行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little 修饰时

Tell us all the things (that) you know.

4. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

5. 先行词被序数词所修饰时

The first book (that) he wrote is about population.

6. 先行词被the very（正好的，恰恰的）\the only\ the last 修饰时

The very problem (that) I want to solve is like this.

7. 先行词在定语从句中作表语时

Chaoyang is no longer the city that it was\used to be.

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8. 先行词既有人又有物时

I still remember the things and people (that) I saw in that city.

9. 先行词为what, who时

Who that knows him would trust him? 10. 如果有两个定语从句，一个用which, 另一个用that

He built up a factory which produced things that he had never seen before.

用which 不用that 的情况

1. which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不可以。在非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代前面的整个句子或句子的一部分。

He passed the examination, which made his parents very happy.

He went towards the fire, which was still smoking.

2. 关系代词作介词宾语且介词前置时，用which不用that

The building in front of which stands a big tree is our classroom.

3. 先行词是指物的that或those时，用which不用that

What’s that which he refused to accept?

4. 关系代词which可作定语

He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. 关于who和that 1. 在非限制性定语从句中，用who不用that 2. 先行词是指人的those时，用who不用that

Those who didn’t finish their homework would be punished.

3. 先行词是人称代词时用who

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

4. 主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句时，用that

Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 5. 先行词是who时，用that

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

6. 先行词既有人又有物时，用that

7. 关系代词在从句中作表语时，用that

Mary is no longer the girl that she was\used to be.

关于who和whom 1. 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语且介词前置时，用whom

The man about whom you are talking is in the next room.

2. 在非限制性定语从句中，作主语用who, 作宾语用whom 关于as和that The same…as

（同类）

the same…that

（同一个）

This is the same pen as you bought yesterday.

This is the same pen that you bought yesterday.

关于which和as 1. so, as, such, the same 与as 连用

2. 在非限制性定语从句中，which的先行词可以是名词，as 不可以

The meeting, which was held in the park, was a success.

3. 两者都可以代替句子，但as 有正如、正像、由…而知之意，可放句首；which可指因果关系，

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不可以放在句首。as we all know, as everybody\everyone knows, as is known to all, as we had expected, as we can see, as we have seen, as is often the case He failed in the exam, which made his parents very angry.

关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词：where, when, why, that

1. where

1）先行词为表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作地点状语

This is the house where I live.= This is the house (that\which) I live in.

= This is the house in which I live.

2）可以引导非限制性定语从句

Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. 3）where 有时可省略

This is the place (where ) we met yesterday.

4）where 可以作名词，与from 连用

He was hidden behind the door, from where he could see nothing.

5）用where引导定语从句的先行词有：case, situation, position, circumstances, environment, stage, point, activity, job, sports, business, scene……

2. when 1）先行词为表示时间的名词，在定语从句中作时间状语

The day when I met him first was May 1st. = The day on which I met him first was May 1st.

2）可以引导非限制性定语从句

In the old days, when I was a little boy, the city had no industry（工业）

to speak of.

3）先行词若是by the time, any time, each time, every time, the moment, all the time, the day\week\month\year…, 关系副词用when或省略，而且常省略, 直接当连词用。

By the time (when) he was ten, he had learned 2,000 English words.

I’ll never forget the time (when ) we met.

He got ill the day (when) he came back.

Every time (when) he appears, her face brightens up.

4）occasion为先行词，用when引导定语从句。

Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

5）when 可以当名词

The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes. 6）There was a time when……

There was a time when I hated to go to school.

3. why

先行词多为excuse, reason, explanation 等名词，不能用于非限制性定语从句中。

Do you know the reason why he was late? = Do you know the reason for which he was late? 区分：This is the reason (which\ that) he gave me.

句型：

The reason why… is/ was that…

4. that

可以代替where, when, why, 但当先行词是the first ( second, third…last)time 时，关系副词只用that，或省略

This is the first time (that ) I have been here.

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特殊定语从句

1. than引导定语从句，兼当主语、宾语、表语

He spends more money than he earns.

Children shouldn’t have more money than is needed.

2. but 引导的定语从句：no/ few but (that)= that…not

There are few teachers in the world but like their students.

There is no child but (that) loves his parents. = There is no child that doesn’t like his parents.

3. 介词+ which+ to do 结构可以改写为一个定语从句

He gave me some money with which to buy a birthday gift.

= He gave me some money with which I could buy a birthday gift.

定语从句的有关注意事项

1. 关系代词、副词在定语从句中充当成分，并具有连接句子的功能

The man whom you talked about him is a teacher. (×)

The man whom you talked about is a teacher. (√)

He has two sons, both of whom are teachers. = He has two sons, and both of them are teachers.

2. 关系代词作介词短语的宾语时，短语一般只能前置

They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.

He works in a factory, at the back of which there is a river.

3. 固定短语的介词不可以提前

( listen to, look for, look after, depend on…… )

This is the key which \ that you are looking for.

The baby whom the nurse looks after is healthy.

4. 先行词是定语从句中介词宾语时，介词要前置

That was the meeting during which I kept falling asleep.

5. 表示所属关系的介词必须前置

The names, of which he remembered some\ some of which he remembered, were all strange to me.

6. 先行词若是the way（在定语从句中作方式状语），

关系代词可省略、that、in which

I don’t like the way (that\in which) you spoke to your father.

7. 定语从句的主谓一致

1）取决于先行词是单数还是复数

Here is a letter from Mr. White who wants to come to China.

Here is a letter from the Whites who want to come to China.

2）指代前面的整个句子用单数

He got 100 marks, which was good news to his parents.

3）one of the + n. ( pl. ) 定语从句谓语动词用复数

the only one of the + n. ( pl. ) 定语从句谓语动词用单数

She is one of the students who are good at English.

She is the only one of the students who is good at English.

4）集合名词为先行词时，若指成员，定语从句用复数，若指组织，定语从句用单数

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