Learning about Language教案和学案内容

必修四Unit 2 Working the land (The –ing form as the Subject & Object) Aims To learn about the –ing form as the Subject & Object To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by reading the text aloud Language is learned in context. So let’s first review the text learned yesterday by reading it aloud. II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 12.

III. Learning about grammar 1. V-ing形式作主语

表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词通常用单数。

eg. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 1)

-ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。

常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等. 2)

在there be结构中作主语, 这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do…

”。

eg.There is no hiding of evil but not to do it. 动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：

动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,

不定式则通常表示具体的动作。

eg. As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure．

eg. Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. eg. It’s an honor for me to be invited to the

party．

归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：

It +be +a waste of time doing

It is/was no good/use doing

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

There is no doing

There is no sense in doing

There is/was no use doing

There is/was nothing worse than doing

There is/was no point doing

2. V-ing 形式作宾语

1)

有些动词或动词短语后一般只能接动名词作宾语, 常见的有avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, forgive, mention, mind, miss, practise, stand(忍受), devote…

to, excuse, fancy, give up, put off, stick to, risk, - 1 -

insist on, look forward to, feel like等。

eg. I can’t avoid going．

eg. Have you considered looking for one special friend?

2)

有些动词或动词短语后既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，但在用法上需要注意，这类词主要有：begin, start, continue, intend, like, love, hate, prefer, forget, remember, regret, try,

mean,等。

A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有些不同。

动名词表示泛指的动作；

不定式表示具体的一次性

eg. She likes swimming. eg. She doesn’t like to swim with him this weekend. B. 在begin/start, continue, intend之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。

eg. She wanted to continue working after she was married. eg. He continued to ignore everything I was saying. C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。

动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,

不定式表示后于谓语动作。

remember doing sth.

记得曾做过

remember to do sth.

记得将要做……

forget doing sth.

忘记曾经做过……

forget to do sth.

忘记去做……

regret doing sth.

因做了……而感到后悔

regret to do sth.

因将要做……

而感到遗憾

D. 在try, mean之后, 意义各不相同。

try to do 设法

try doing 试试

mean to do 打算, 有意要做

mean doing 意思是, 意味着

E. go on doing 和go on to do

go on doing

继续做原来做的事(同一件事) go on to do

接着做另一件事

F. stop doing与stop to do

stop doing 停止做某事

stop to do

停下正在干的事去干另一件事

3)

作介词宾语

动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

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A. 介词+动名词

eg. We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.

eg. I apologize for being so angry with you. B. 动词+介词+动名词

eg. I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition．

eg. Instead of smiling, each of them made a face．

eg. She was very interested in working for our company．

下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:

devote to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to, lead to,look forward to, stick to,be used to等。

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