Learning about Language第二课时教案

Unit 2 Working the land Language points for Reading 1 1. What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?

[点拨] 本句中使用了插入语do you think。插入语经常插到一个语法结构完整的句子里去，对句子的内容作一些附加说明，有时表示说话者的态度和看法等，它不和句子的成分发生结构上的关联，常置于句首、句中或句末。把插入语去掉之后，句子的结构和语义还是完整的。

[拓展]①常用于插入语的动词有suppose, know, hope, believe, guess, find, say等。

如：You came by air, I suppose. ②用作插入语的主要有：副词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式短语和分句。如：Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. If she ran towards it, it might attack her. Worse still, it could even carry off the baby in its mouth. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard — in other words, you failed. To be frank with you, I have no money on me.

Judging from what he said to me today, his mind’s made up.

It is so nice to hear from her. Believe it or not, we last met more than thirty years ago. [仿写] _____________________________________ _________________________

(令我惊讶的是, 他说的话和所做的事没有任何关系。) [真题再现] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

①

—What fruit is in season now?

—Pears and apples, ____. (2008 全国卷I)

A. I know

B. I think

C. I see

D. I feel ②

—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?

—Yes, ____, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city. (安徽

2008)

A. If ever

B. If busy

C. If anything

D. If possible 2. Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.

[分析] ①这是一个含让步状语从句的主从复合句。其结构为: 让步状语从句(Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists)+主句(Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer)。

②主句中包含“consider + 宾语

+ n.”结构。

③

for引导的从句并不表示原因, 而只是为主句中所说的话提供推断的理由, 加以解释, 此时for前要加逗号。e.g. The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before. ④

work

vi./ vt.

经营,管理

work the land=grow crops on it

耕耘土地

他经营着一个大的农场。______________________________________________ 3. … for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.

常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:

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(1) already, yet, ever, just, recently, lately, never, before (adv.)

The boy has already/just got home. I haven’t heard from him yet /recently / lately.

I have seen the old man somewhere before. (2) since/for

I have lived in Beijing since 2000.

I have lived in Beijing since I arrived here.

I have lived in Beijing for 5 years. struggle vi.

搏斗, 挣扎, 努力, 拼搏

他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。__________________________________________ 她提着沉重的行李艰难地走上楼梯。___________________________________________ [搭配] struggle ____________

与……斗争，为反对……而斗争，

struggle ________

为争取……而斗争

4. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. the first ... to do sth. 意为“第一个做……”。本句中动词不定式(to grow rice) 作定语, 修饰

the first agricultural pioneer。the first, the last, the second, the only等短语后面多用动词不定式作后置定语。

[仿写] _________________________________________________________________________

(第一个到达新西兰的旅行者是一个叫库佩的人。)

5. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.

make it +宾语补足语+动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语。

it做形式宾语, 通常和下列动词连用:

consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等。

e.g. We consider it our duty to support good leaders.

The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster. 6. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tool in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 1) thanks to表示“幸亏,多亏”多用于表达正面意思, 相当于感谢, 在句中作状语和表语。

多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。___________________________________________ 2) rid…of …用法

[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意rid ... of的意思和用法。

1. The man rid himself of debt.

2. It is very hard for the people to rid the earth of pollution. 3. The dentist rid him of his pain by taking out the tooth.

[自我归纳] rid ... of的意思是“__________”，此时, rid为___词。

常构成短语rid oneself of sb. /sth.，意为“摆脱、从……中解脱”(句1)；rid sb. / sth. of sb. / sth.意为“去除、清除”（句2、句3）。

[注意] rid还可以作名词, 构成短语get rid of, 意为“摆脱掉、除掉、处理掉”。如:

It’s easy to get into the habit of taking drugs but hard to get rid of it.

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We can’t get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war.

[即学即练] 每空一词，完成句子，使其与所给的句子意思相同或相近。

1. It is not easy for him to get rid of the

bad habit.

It is hard for him to ___ ______ __

the bad habit. 2. He plans to give up smoking in two

months.

He plans to _________ _________ __

smoking in two months. 8. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.

[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意would rather的意思和用法。

1. Would you rather walk or take the bus? 2. I would rather choose to give up than give in to him. 3. I would rather write to him than call him. 4. I would rather you came with us. 5. I’d rather you didn’t go out alone.

[自我归纳] would rather意为“更喜欢”(句1)、“__________”(句2、句3、句4、句5); 常用结构为________________ (句2、句3); 另外，would rather 后还可跟从句，用虚拟语气(句4、句5)。

[考例] To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ___ travel by air.

A. as

B. to

C. than

D. while [点拨] 选C。考查句式would rather do ... than do ..., 意为“宁愿做(前者), 而不愿做(后者)”。题意为“为欣赏风景, Irene宁愿花很长的时间坐火车而不愿乘飞机”。

9. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.

[考点] 动词-ing形式作宾语。

[考例] After he became conscious, he remembered ___ and ___ on the head with a rod.

A.

to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit 10. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. rather than 而不是

_____________________________________is going to Beijing.要去北京的是玛丽, 而不是她的室友们。

注意:

rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

她跑着而不是走着。________________________________________ 他是学生,不是工人。_________________________________________ 他们丢了一些书, 而不是钱。__________________________________________ 我决定写信而不打电话。______________________________________________ 11. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.

[考点] therefore adv.

因此；所以；

因而，表示因果关系。

[考例] Progress so far has been very good. ______, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. However

B. Otherwise

C. Therefore

D. Besides

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Exercises I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示, 写出所缺单词的正确形式。

1. We were all _________ (晒黑的) from a day on the beach. 2. She’s s________ to bring up a family alone.

3. The measures will enable us to increase our o_____ of bicycles soon.

4. He was down with the flu, and ________ (因此) couldn’t come to the party.

5. The d________ problem has been making him hard to sleep every night.

6. In ten years the city’s population e_______ by 12%, which has made the city more crowded. 7. Although he speaks English fluently, he is not of British or American _________ (国籍). 8. Please state your name, address and _________ (职业). 9. Our products are ________ (出口) to Southeast Asia to gain more benefits. 10. Blood ________ (循环) in the body until life stops.

II. . 根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下列句子。

1. ________________ (使我们满意的是), they finished the work in time.

2. Today ________ (幸亏) the Internet, you can do all your Christmas shopping from home. 3. He went to many big cities ______________________________ (带着找一份好工作的希望).

4. ____________________ (出生于一个贫困的家庭), he had to do part-time work for living while studying at school.

5. His coming added to our trouble __________ (而不是) freedom.

Language points for reading 2 1. lead to用法

[寓词于境] 阅读下列句子，注意lead to的意思和用法。

1. His carelessness led to the accident. 2. This test is obviously bad because it leads to incorrect learning. 3. Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. [自我归纳] lead to意为“_________________”, 后多跟名词或代词。

[联想] result in引起(某种结果)、使获得(某种成果)、结果……。如：

The accident resulted in two deaths. result from由……造成、因……而产生。如：

Sickness sometimes results from eating too much. [即学即练] 用lead to的适当形式完成句子。

1. Students should always remember that hard work is the main way which ______ success. 2. The bad weather _____ a terrible accident a few days ago. 2. focus用法: focus作名词, 意为“焦点、中心点”; 作动词, 意为“集中、聚焦”, 常构成短语focus on, 意为“集中(注意力、精力等)于”。

[即学即练] 翻译下列句子。

1). Because of his strange clothes, he

immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office.

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2). Focus your camera on those trees.

3). I’m so tired that I can’t focus on anything today.

3. keep… free from : protect…from

“使。。。免受影响，伤害

”

Eating well and good exercise ______________________________________________. 健康饮食和锻炼使你远离感冒。

4. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.

[分析] ①本句结构比较复杂。其主干结构为: 主句(Crops put important minerals back into the soil) + 状语(making it ready for crops)。

②状语中又包含“make + it + 形容词”结构和由that引导的定语从句(that need rich and fertile soil)。

5. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.

[分析]①本句的主干结构是一个简单句, 其结构是: 主语(farmers) + 谓语(prefer) + 并列宾语(planting ... + leaving ...)。②其中between crops和in the ground作地点状语。③两个宾语后面又分别带有一个不定式作目的状语（to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil和to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop）。

Exercises I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。

1. The new model will go into p________ next year. 2. Because of his poor n_______, he has grown weaker and weaker.

3. Those countries are rich in _______ (矿物的) resources.

4. New scientific d_________ are being made every day.

5. The group produces a monthly ________ (摘要) of their research. II. 用适当的介词填空。

1. Costs have been reduced __ 20% over the past year.

2. You can focus your telescope ___ that distant television tower. 3. I hope I haven’t kept you ____ your work.

4. He made no comments _________ what I said at the meeting. 5. “Green food” is grown away ____ industrial areas and dirty water supplies.

III. 根据括号内的汉语提示, 完成下列句子。

1. He has ______ (建立) a good business over the years.

2. More and more farmers are beginning to _____________________ (转向有机耕作). 3. The forest prevents wind and water from ___________________ (带走土壤).

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Grammar动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

一．动词-ing形式作主语

1. 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如：

Reading aloud ________very important for us to learn a foreign language.

Going to bed early and getting up early ________ considered to be a good habit. 2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。如：

Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?

It’s no good waiting here. Let’s go home.

It was a waste of time reading that book. 3. “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法……”。如：

There was no telling when this might happen again. 没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。

There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。

归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：

It +be +a waste of time doing

做……是浪费时间的

It is/was no good/use doing

做……是没益/用处的

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

做……是值得的

There is no doing

无法…… ，

不允许……

There is no sense in doing

做、、、没有道理

There is/was no use doing 干、、、无意义

There is/was nothing worse than doing

没有比、、、更糟的

There is/was no point doing

干、、、无意义

There was no knowing where we would go. 我们不知道要去哪儿。

There is no point doing such a silly thing.

做这件傻事毫无意义。

注意：-ing与不定式的比较：-ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。

我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。

I like__________，but now I like __________________.

二．动词-ing形式作宾语

1. 有些动词如admit, avoid, consider, escape, deny, risk, suggest等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能接动词不定式。如：

We’re considering paying a visit to the Science Museum.

2. 有些短语如can’t help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名

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词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：

I have been used to living here.

I’m fond of collecting stamps and coins.

3. need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。如：

The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired.

[注意] 动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用人称代词的宾格代替形容词性物主代词或用名词普通格代替名词的所有格。如：

I’m annoyed about John’s forgetting to pay.

I really can’t understand you treating her like that.

2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：

Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad.

Your schoolmate’s not coming home in time made her parents worried.

[即时练习] 从

A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

1. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To have had

B. Having had

C. Have

D. Having 2. The parents suggested ____ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.

A. sleep

B. to sleep

C. sleeping

D. having slept 3. How I regret ___ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.

A. to waste

B. wasting

C. wasted

D. being wasted II. 根据括号内的汉语提示, 完成下列句子。

1. _____________ (大声朗读) in the library is a bad habit.

2. It’s no use _____________ (像这样谈话).

3. In my mind, ____________________ ________ (进入那所著名的大学) will be the only way to become a world-class writer.

4. Mary got well-prepared for the job interview, for she couldn’t risk ________________________ (丢失这个好机会). 5. He remembered __________________ ____________ (没有完成作业), so he got up early to do it the next morning.

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