Learning about Language优质课教案内容

GRAMMAR

动词-ing形式作主语

【归纳】

★动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性的动作，谓语动词用单数。如：

Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.

Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. ★动词-ing形式常用于“It is / was + 名词/形容词... +动词-ing形式”句型中。其中，常用此句型的名词有no use, no good, fun等；形容词有useless, nice, good, interesting等。如：。如：

It’s no use asking me what I don’t know.

It was useless speaking. 动词-ing形式作宾语

【归纳】

★有些动词（短语）后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。常见的有：enjoy, admit, imagine, finish, advise, allow, permit, escape, avoid, appreciate, suggest, keep, practise, consider, mind, give up, look forward to, put off, get used to, insist on等。如：

I want to travel because I enjoy meeting people and seeing new places. Dana admitted feeling hurt by what I had said. She imagined herself sitting in her favourite armchair back home.

Have you finished reading that magazine? Why don’t you give up smoking?

We’re so much looking forward to meeting you.

★有些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语, 且后接以上两种形式作宾语时意义上没有什么区别。常见的有：begin, start, continue, love, prefer, like, hate等。如：

I began reading / to read this novel last month and I still haven’t finished it.

Everyone in the class started laughing / to laugh. Sally wanted to continue working / to work after she was married. We all love talking / to talk about ourselves. ★有些动词（短语）后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但用法和意义都有所不同。常见的有：remember, forget, stop, regret, try, mean, go on等。如：

He took a long look at the girl and finally remembered seeing her at a party somewhere.

Remember to call me when you arrive! Stop shouting —

you’re giving me a headache!

We should stop to get a drink of water. He went on working until he was 91. Go on to do the other exercise when you’ve finished this one.

区别如下：

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

remember to do sth. 记住去做某事

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

stop to do sth. 停下来（原来的事）去做某事

regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事

regret to do sth. 遗憾地要做某事

try doing sth. 尝试着做某事

try to do sth. 努力做某事

mean doing sth. 意味着做某事

mean to do sth. 打算做某事

go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事

【拓展】

有些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语。常见的有：afford, agree, choose, decide, hope, offer, plan, promise, threaten, manage, fail, refuse, seem。如：

They walked because they couldn’t afford to take a taxi.

Helen’s promised to do all she can to help me. Doctors failed to save the girl’s life.

【即学即练】

I. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示，用动词-ing形式短语补全下列句子。

1. _________________ (在医院做义工) is just one of Helen’s activities.

2. _________________ (懂一门外语和说好它) are two different things.

3. _________________ (表演) in high school and college plays helped prepare Tim for Broadway.

4. _________________ (与我争论) takes much of my little brother’s time.

5. _________________ (抱怨) helps no one.

6. _________________ (鲍勃没完成作业) made his teacher very angry. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式（包括动词-ing形式和不定式）完成下面对话。

David: When did you begin 1. ________ (study) English?

Tony: When I was in high school. I continued 2. ________ (study) it in college.

David: 3. ________ (learn) a language takes a long time. Do you like studying English now? Tony:

Yes. But I’m shy, and I avoid 4. ________ (talk) in class. David: You’ll never learn 5. ________ (speak) if you don’t practise.

Tony:

But I’m afraid of 6. ________ (make) mistakes.

David: You can’t help 7. ________ (make) some mistakes. It’s only natural. You can’t expect 8. ________ (be) perfect.

Tony:

You’re right, of course. How about you? Do you enjoy 9. ________ (speak) English?

David: Yes. My English is not perfect, but I manage 10. ________ (communicate) when I need to. But I dislike 11. ________ (do) homework. I don’t mind 12. ________ (fill) in the blanks in a grammar exercise, but I hate 13. ________ (write) compositions.

Tony: Me too. I always put off 14. ________ (do) them until the night before. Also I need to refer to a dictionary many times to finish a composition.

David: When you learn more English, you will stop 15. ________ (use) your dictionary so much.

III. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面的短文。

1. ________ (find) a job in the United States takes specific skills. The following advice will help you find a job there.

★ Write a good resume (简历). Describe your accomplishments (成绩). Avoid 2. ________ (include) unnecessary information. Your resume should be one page, if possible.

★ Find out about available jobs. One way is by 3. ________ (look) in the newspaper or on the Internet. Another way is by networking. Networking means 4. ________ (exchange) information with anyone you know — family, friends, neighbors, classmates, former co-workers, professional groups — who might know of a job. These people might also be able to give you insider information about a company, such as who is in charge and what it is like to work at their company. ★ Practice the interview. The more prepared you are, the more relaxed you will feel. If you are worried about 5. ________ (say) or 6. ________ (do) the wrong thing, practice will help.

★ Learn something about the company. Finding information takes time, but it pays off. You can get help in these skills — writing a resume, networking, preparing for an interview, researching a company — by 7. ________ (see) a career counselor (顾问). Most high schools and colleges have one who can help you get started. Finding a job is one of the most difficult jobs. Some people send out hundreds of resumes and go to dozens of interviews before finding a job. And it isn’t something you do just once or twice in your lifetime. For most Americans, 8. ________ (change) jobs many times in a lifetime is not uncommon. 参考答案

I.

1. Volunteering at the hospital

2. Understanding a foreign language and speaking it well 3. Acting

4. Arguing with me

5. Complaining 6. Bob’s not finishing his homework II. 1. studying / to study

2. studying / to study

3. Learning / To learn

4. talking

5. to speak 6. making

7. making

8. to be

9. speaking

10. to communicate

11. doing

12. filling 13. writing / to write

14. doing

15. using

III.

1. Finding 2. including 3. looking 4. exchanging 5. saying 6. doing

7. seeing 8. changing