Learning about Language主要内容及教案内容

科目：英语

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定语从句

(The Attributive Clause )

学习目标：学习理解定语从句、先行词和关系词的概念。掌握关系代词在定语从句中所做成分及位置。掌握关系代词和副词的用法。知晓两大类定语从句及其句式特征。

课前梳理

一、感知定语从句

1. A: The man is my English teacher.

B: I met him in the street. A+B: The man (that/ who) I met in the street is my English teacher. 2. A: This is the house.

B: We bought it last year. A+B: This is the house (that/ which) we bought last year. 上述1、2句中的A+B部分即为一个含有定语从句的主从复合句，也就是两个简单句合并为一个定语从句，其需要三个步骤：

1）找先行词：____________________________________________________________________ 2）找关系词：____________________________________________________________________ 3）合并：________________________________________________________________________ （写出以上定语从句形成的三个具体步骤）

二、结构

从以上A+B部分看出定语从句的结构：

“(先行词)＋关系词＋其它”

它涉及到两个专用名词：

1. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。通常直接放在关系词的前面。不可省略。

2. 关系词：引导定语从句的词。

关系词的二重性：

性质1）：关系词可以代替先行词，故被其替代后的先行词在从句中不再出现。

性质2）：关系词在从句中主要充当主语、宾语或状语三大成分。

参阅课本P90-P91,分类列举关系词

关系代词

指人：________、________、________、__________.

指物：________、________、__________. 关系副词：________、________、__________. 其它：是定语从句的一部分，是缺少某一成分的一个不完整句子。

例句呈现：

1) He is the man who/ whom I saw last night. 2) Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/ which I gave her. 3) A plane is a machine that can fly. 4) The gifts that/ which were sent to Jack were expensive. 5) The teacher whom you are waiting for is coming. 探究：

1)

用“△”划出先行词。用“___”划出关系词。

2)

你能看出先行词在从句中所做的成分吗？请用“∧”标明它在从句中的位置。

三、分类：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

二者区别：

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的关系

从句是先行词不可缺少的定从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果（意义的区别）

语，如果省去，主句的意思省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整

就会不完整或不明确。

标 点

从句和主句之间不用逗号分从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开

开

指人who /that/ whom 指人who（做主语）whom（做宾语）

指物which (that) 指物which 关系代词

人和物whose 人和物whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时关系代词一般不可省

可以省去

修饰

从句只修饰一个名词或代词

可以修饰一个名词或代词,也可修饰整个主句

翻译

定语从句译在被修饰词的前定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句面

子

指导建构

1.“介词＋关系代词”结构

（1）关系代词：whom（指人）和

which（指事物）

（2）介词的选用遵循“瞻前顾后”原则：

❈

根据先行词与介词的搭配确定（即“瞻前”）

❈

根据从句中的动词或主要形容词确定（即“顾后”）

注意：

1）.当介词与从句中的谓语动词构成不可分割开的短语动词时，介词一般不能提到关系代词前边；

The little girl who/that she had looked after for years has grown up into a beauty.(after只能放后)

2) .介词不位于关系代词之前时，关系代词也可用that（指人或物）。

This is the man whom （that）I learned the news from.（from可前可后，放后时可以用that）

=This is the man from whom I learned the news. 关系词as 与which的区别

2. as & which 引导非限制性定语从句主要有两大区别：

(1) 位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as可置于所限制的句子前、中或后。

He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 1

科目：英语

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Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man. (2)

as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点" （3）

as 常用在以下结构中：as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.

He is an honest man, as is known to all.

巩固记忆

1.定语从句中的主谓一致

1）关系代词在句中做主语，从句谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致。

Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 2）先行词为“one of ﹢复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；

先行词为“the (only/ very/ right ) one of ﹢复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。

She is the only one of the staff who is qualified for the job. 2.关系词that 与which的区别

（1）只能用

that 的情况主要有四种：即先行词被序数词最高级修饰；先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被the only 、the very 、the same、the last 修饰。请看下列例句，注意其先行词：

①．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 训练提升

②．I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson . 语法填空

(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)，阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不③.Later my father and Mr. Cosset talked for about half an hour of things and persons that

多于

3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

they remembered in school.

I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression. My parents noticed but felt that since I’d ④．This is the very dictionary that I want to find. always been 1

good child, this was temporary. （2）只用which 的情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关系词要用which；二是做介词宾

2

(fortunate), it was not to be so. I didn’t have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. 语时只能用which。请看下列例句：

Deep worry began to destroy my 3

(confident). Finally I refused to attend classes, 4

(shut) I said nothing , which made him more angry . myself in my room for hours. I have the book about which you are talking .

The examination was approaching, but I simply didn’t care. My parents and teachers were 3. way后定语从句的引导词

surprised 5

my bad performance. One morning, after a particularly severe lecture from my father, I 1）way（方式，方法）作先行词，后接定语从句时，若在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which、stood at the school gate, 6

(depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our that或者省略引导词三种情况；

headmaster called me. The next forty-five minutes was one of 7

(precious) moments in my life. The way (that/in which) he treats his children is very good. She said she 8

( notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands

2）当引导词在从句中作宾语、主语、表语时，引导词用which/that。

in 9

(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept.

The way which/that you told me yesterday doesn’t’t work. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug. 4.关系词when、where或why的使用

No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, 10

helped

并非先行词表示时间、地点或原因时都分别用when、where或why来引导。若关系词在指代表me out simply by listening and hugging. 示时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等成分，而不是状语时，需用which或

that引导相应的定语从句。

Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school？

5.“先行词不是表示时间、地点的名词”的关系词选择

当先行词不是表示时间、地点的名词时，如何使用关系副词when、where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。

We’re just trying to reach a point _where___ both sides will sit down together and talk. （2006山东）

occasion 在定语从句中作先行词时，后面用关系副词when还是where要看其具体含义。

occasion在表示：“a particular time or instance of an event（特定的）时刻；场合”时，定语从句关系词用when；当表示：“a special event, ceremony, or celebration（仪式、庆典等）重大场合”时，定语从句关系词用where。

1）. In hard times, the Spring Festival was the only occasion where a family threw off the old clothes and put on new clothes specially made for the festival. 2）. Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience. 类似的

常用词有:stage, situation, point, position, case, condition etc. 口诀助记：“两S 两P加两C”

6.判断清楚定语从句还是并列句是选词的关键。

1).They have more than 100 books, most of ______ are English. 2).They have more than 100 books; most of ______are English. 析：1)句是定语从句，用which。2）句是并列句，用them. 并列句中要么有连词and, but等，要么有标点符号句号或分号提示。

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科目：英语

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答案：1.定语从句

1）找先行词：根据重复的代词

2）找关系词：根据重复的代词在句中所做的成分，指人还是指物

3）合并：去掉重复部分

a, Unfortunately, confidence, shutting, at, depressed, most precious, had noticed, hers, who.

2【文章解读】这是一片夹叙夹议的文章。主要通过描述自己的亲身经历介绍自己一直以来会享受生活、享受快乐的观点和心情。

【解析】

61.【答案】which

【命题立意】考查定语从句

【解析】which代表主句一句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语。故填which。

62. 【答案】caught 【命题立意】考查时态

【解析】作者在叙述自己以前的经历，应用一般过去时，故填caught。

63. 【答案】getting

【命题立意】考查非谓语动词

【解析】getting短语在thought的宾语从句中作主语，故填getting。

64. 【答案】a 【命题立意】考查冠词

【解析】job是可数名词，应填不定冠词。故填a。

65.【答案】happiness 【命题立意】考查名词

【解析】空前是形容词性物主代词my，应用happy的名词形式，故填happiness。

66. 【答案】Finally 【命题立意】考查副词

【解析】根据上下文，此处应该用副词形式，故填finally。

67. 【答案】if

【命题立意】考查条件状语从句

【解析】根据句子的逻辑关系，此处是that宾语从句中的if条件句，故填if。

68. 【答案】to see

【命题立意】考查非谓语动词

【解析】come后跟动词的不定式形式作宾语，故填to see。

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69. 【答案】than

【命题立意】考查固定搭配

【解析】rather than而不是。故填than。

70. 【答案】from

【命题立意】考查动词短语

【解析】suffer后跟介词from，遭受。故填from。

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科目：英语

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