Learning about Language教学设计与反思

Unit3 Computers Book2 Period 4 Grammar Teaching aim: Grasp the usages of The Present Perfect Passive Voice and use them freely Important and difficult points: The usages of The Present Perfect Passive Voice The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时被动语态由”has/have + been + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。使用现在完成时被动语态要注意以下几点：

1. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。例如：

We have built many houses in the past ten years. →Many houses have been built in the past ten years. 2. 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。例如：

We have given him the book. →He has been given the book. →The book has been given to him. 3. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。例如：

I have told them to help you.→They have been told to help you. I have made her work hard.→She has been made to work hard. 4. 短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语的完整性，动词后原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。例如：

They have referred to the books.→The books have been referred to (by them). He has thought of a way of dong it.→A way of doing it has been thought of. 1.Hundreds of jobs ________ if the factory closes.（2001全国春招）

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose [解析]本句的意思是：如果工厂倒闭，那么将失去数百个工作岗位。lose a job意为”失业”。工作将被失去，要用将来时态的被动语态，因此排除答案A、C和D，答案选B。

2.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________ by 2006. (2004北京) A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed [解析]宾语从句中主语all construction work for the Beijing Olympics和谓语动词complete之间有被动关系，所以谓语要用被动语态，因此排除选项B和D；by 2006暗示谓语要用将来完成时态，因此答案选C。

3. All the preparations for the task ________, and we are ready to start.(NMET2000春招) A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed [解析]本句的意思是：这项工作的一切准备工作已经就绪,我们只等开始了。前半句主语和谓语有被动关系，后半句暗示说话是从现在着眼，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。答案D。

练习: ★单项填空

1. Paper money _____ for over a thousand years. A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using 2. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand _____ cold.

A. has been left B. feels C. is left D. has left 3. Till now, three films _____ in that small village this month. A. have shown B. have been shown C. were shown D. will be shown 4. Do you know the thief _____ by the police? A. has caught B. has been catching C. was caught D. has been caught 5. My sister is working in the power plant that _____ for just one year. A. was used B. has been used C. is used D. has used 6. Is this the reason _____ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in the work? A. / B. what C. how D. why 7. They were all very tired, but none of them would stop _____ . A. taking a rest B. to take a rest C. resting D. rest 8. Her face went red _____ he had said. A. because that B. because what C. because of what D. because 9. Tom prefers _____ rather than _____ . A. stay at home; go out B. to stay at home; go out C. stay at home; to go out D. to stay at home; to go out Finish the exercise on page 21 (Discovering using structures )