Learning about Language名师教学实录

Useful Structure – Attributive Clauses

学习目标：1. 掌握定语从句基本概念

2. 能准确使用定语从句

重点：能准确使用定语从句

难点：能恰当使用关系词引导定语从句

预习案

Previewing Case Task 1 定语从句的基本概念

1. 定语从句：做_____语的从句。(定语：修饰_____词或_____词的成分)

（从句：有_______(完整/不完整)的句子结构）

2.

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，可能是单词，词组或句子。(定语从句的谓语动词与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致)

Exercise: 划出下列两句的先行词。

(1) Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who are teaching in China. (2) Tom is the only one of the students who has learned French.

3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词；分为___________和__________两类。

(1)关系词的3个作用：①引导___________。②指代_________。③在从句中______(作/不作)句子成分。

(2)选择关系词的步骤：①找出定语从句和先行词。②判断关系词在定语从句中所作成分。

③根据关系词使用规则选择适当的关系词。

Task 2 定语从句的类型

1. 定语从句分为______________定语从句和______________定语从句。

2. 限定性定语从句：对先行词起____________的作用。(常翻译为“......的”) 3. 非限定性定语从句：对先行词起____________的作用。主从句之间用_____隔开。(常翻译为两个句子) (英译汉) ① I have a brother who is an eye doctor. _________________________________________________

② I have a brother, who is an eye doctor._________________________________________________ (汉译英) ③

我出生在香港，它是一个现代化的城市。____________________________________________

Task 3 关系词使用规则

关系代词

在从句中

指代对象

关系副词

在从句中

指代对象

所作成分

(人/物) 所作成分

（时间/地点/原因）

1.

1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

2. 3.

Task 4 Exercise 用适当的关系词填空。

1. This is the lab ________ was built last year.

2. He has realized his dream, ________ makes us happy.

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3. The college ________ his sister studies is in the east of the city.

4. I don’t know the reason ________ he failed.

5. The grammar book, ________ is on the shelf, is very useful.

6. Is this the book ________ you want?

7. This is the factory ________ he worked three years ago.

8. The sun, ________ rises in the east, is red.

9. Do you still remember the days ________ we spent together.

10. Do you still remember the days ________ we worked together.

11. Do you know the person ________ told you that news？

12. The reason ________ he didn’t come yesterday is not known.

13. The reason ________ he told us is reasonable.

14. Will you please show me the girl ________ name is Linda?

15. He met my mother, from ________ he got the news of my marriage.

16. She had three sons, all of ________ became doctors. 17. The pencil ______________ I wrote is gone.

18. This is Mr. Smith, ________ I think has something interesting to tell us.

19. She came at once, ________ surprised me very much.

20. The girl to ________ I lent my bike is in hospital.

我的疑惑：

探究案

Exploring Case 探究一

易错点探究

1.

(1)只能用that做关系代词的情况：

①当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时或被all, no, every, some, any, little, much等修饰时；②当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；③同时兼指人和物时；④当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same等修饰时；⑤当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时；⑥关系词在从句中作表语时；⑦当主句是There be句型时。

(2)只能用which 不用that的情况：①在非限制性定语从句中；②在介词后面。

(3)只能用who的情况：当先行词是one, ones, someone, anyone, those指人时。

Exercise (用适当的关系词填空) (1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand? (2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice. (3) Which is the book _____ belongs to him? (4) She is no longer the girl _____ she used to be (5) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen. (6) She heard a terrible noise，______ brought her heart into her mouth. (7) Anyone ______ wants to go to the concert need to buy a ticket. (8) I don’t like those _______ are selfish.

2. 介词+关系代词(whom/which/whose) (1) Do you know the boy ______ ______your mother is talking? (2) I remember the day ______ _______I first got to Paris.

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(3) I remember the girl ______ _______ face there is always a smile. (4) This is the book ______ _______ I spent 8 dollars. (5) This is the book ______ _______ I paid 8 dollars. (6) This is the book _____ ______ cover there is a red rose. (7) He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.

解析：介词的选择，由定语从句的谓语动词或先行词决定。

3. the way用做先行词

填上合适的关系词：

(1)The way ___________________he explained to us was not difficult to understand. (2)The way ___________________he explained the sentence to us was quite simple. 解析：the way 做先行词时, 先看后面定语从句中：

①缺少主语或宾语：引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时)

②主语、宾语都不缺：引导词用that / in which / 不填

探究二

难点探究

1.

as与which的区别

(1) _________ is known to all, he is the best student. (2) Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.

归纳：1. as常与know, expect, report, say, see等连用。

2. as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用

as, 意为“正如、恰如”。

2.

综合考查

一：定语从句与并列句

(1) There are two boys in Peter’s, both of _____are white．

(2) There are two boys in Peter’s, and both of _____ are white．

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. them

二：定语从句与强调句型

(3) It is the library _______ I borrowed the book. (4) It is from this library_____I borrowed the book.

(5) It was in Greece ______ the ancient Olympics were held. (6) It was Greece _______ the ancient Olympics were held.

3. 一些特殊词之后的where (1) I have come to the point ________ I can’t stand him.

(2) The country is in the situation ________ a war will break out at any time. 解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, scene, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。

训练案

Exercise to consolidate what is learned

汉译英

(提示：无论是英译汉还是汉译英，都先找出先行词和定语从句)

1.

汤姆考试失败的原因是他的粗心。

2.

他正在我们去年参观过的那所学校读书。

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3.

我学英语的方式可能不适用于你。

4.

Mike是我的好朋友之一，从他身上我学到很多。

5. 这个小镇是我们曾经居住过的一个小镇。

6.

他姐姐成了一个明星，这一直是她的梦想。

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