Learning about Language教学设计(第二课时)

1. 考点：

知识点

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

2. 难点：

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。

考纲要求

1. 掌握限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的特点；

2. 非限制性定语从句的用法；

3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

考查题型

单项选择

语法填空

短文改错

完形填空

知识讲解

1. 限制性定语从句

特点：限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词的关系非常紧密，它所修饰的先行词代表一个或一类特定的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，意义会含混不清。

2. 非限制性定语从句

特点：非限制性定语从句起补充作用，如果缺少也不会影响全句的意义，在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，若将非限制性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句的引导词有who，whom，whose，介词+whom / which / whose, as。

3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

（1）作用不同：限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，若删除，影响整个句子的意义；非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不是很紧密，起补充说明作用，可以删除。

【例句】

The young man who stole the car was put into prison. 偷车的那个年轻人坐牢了。(限制性定语从句) His brother，who is an engineer，will go to London next week. 他哥哥下周要去伦敦，他是位工程师。(非限制性定语从句) （2）形式不同：限制性定语从句其前面不加逗号：非限制性定语从句其前面用逗号隔开。

【例句】

This is the man who used to quarrel with me. 这就是那个过去常和我吵架的人。

This is his house，where he once lived. 这就是他的房子，他曾经在里面住过。

（3）先行词不同：

限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词；而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词也可以是前面一句话的内容。

【例句】I bought a book yesterday which is very popular among young people. 我昨天买了一本在年轻人中非常受欢迎的书。

His son has made great achievements in his work，which made him very proud. 他儿子在工作中取得了很大的成就，这使他很骄傲。

（4）关系词不同

限制性定语从句可以用that：非限制性定语从句不可以用that。

限制性定语从句可以用why或for which引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason; 非限制性定语从句不可以用why引导，只能够用for which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the reason。

【例句】

The house that I bought has a lovely garden. The house，which I bought，has a lovely garden. 我买的房子有一个漂亮的花园。

I have told him the reason why I was late this morning. I have told him the reason, for which I was late this morning. 我已经告诉了他我今早迟到的原因。

注意：

【例句】

As we all know，Lu Xun is a great writer. 众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。

He is a cheat，as everyone can see. 每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。

The weather turned out to be very fine, which was more than we could expect. 结果天气变得很好，这超出了我们的预料。

as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、主句后，也可以放在句子中间。而which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能置于主句之后。当非限制性定语从句表达否定意义时，则只能用which引导。

as在引导非限制性定语从句时，常作一些实义动词的宾语，例如：see，know，say，report，imagine，remember，point out等。常见的用法有：as is known to all/as we all know，as has been said before，as you expected/imagined，as is mentioned above，as has been already reported/announced等。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends. 2．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of_______ were published in the 1990s. 3．The number of smokers，_____is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 4．Students living in buildings ______ have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. 5. The sun heats the earth，______makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. Then he met Mary，______ invited him to a party. 7. There is a net bar around here, ______ I remember. 8. He changed his mind again，_______ made us all angry. Ⅱ.完成句子

1．我有一个表妹，她在医院上班。

I have a cousin ______________________. 2．你喜欢颜色是红色的书吗？

Do you like the book _________________？

3．我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。

________________，smoking is harmful to one's health.