Learning about Language教案和学案内容

一般式doing

being done

完成式having done

having been done V-ing 的否定式把not放在v-ing前面。

Ⅰ. v-ing形式作主语

1.v-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

2.用形式主语it，把真正的主语v-ing结构移置句尾，常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：

It is a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的

It is/was no good/use doing

做……是没用处的

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

做……是值得的

There is no doing 无法……;不允许……

There is/was no use doing 干…无意义

There is/was no point doing

干…无意义

注意There is no need to do sth

干…没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..

提示：当v-ing作主语有时带有自己的逻辑主语，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。

我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sister's being ill made we worried Ⅱ

V-ing作宾语

1.V-ing既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。

1)admit, appreciate, avoid, consider，delay, dislike, enjoy，escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mention, mind, miss（错过）, practice, risk, suggest, tolerate等+doing be worth, can’t help, can’t stand, devote … to, feel like, get down to着手干, give up, insist on, lead to导致, look forward to, object to反对, pay attention to, put off, refer to(参考), stick to+doing be busy doing, spend…(in) doing,

have difficulty/ a hard time (in) doing,

Go skating/ swimming/ skiing/ climbing/ shopping/

No smoking/parking/fishing 禁止吸烟/停车/捕钓等标语,标牌

afford, agree, ask, beg, dare, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail,

manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, tend, want, 等+to do。

(1）在like, love, prefer, dislike, hate,等动词后，v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作，不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。

2）在begin, start, continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语没有区别，但start，begin本身为进行式或后接realize, wonder, understand等心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。

I began to realize that I was wrong 3）allow／permit／advise / forbid doing sth. /

sb. to do sth．

4)．

forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。

go on doing

继续做原来做的事

go on to do

接着做另一件事

stop doing 停止做某事

stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始做某事

mean doing 意味着要做某事

mean to do 想要做某事

be used to doing

习惯于做某事

be used to do

被用来做某事

can't help doing

禁不住做某事can't help to do

不能帮助做某事

try doing

试着做某事try to do

设法做某事

be afraid to do害怕得不敢去做某事

be afraid of doing 担心会出现某种情况

5)．在want, need, require等＋doing =want／need／require＋to be done“需要被”，用v-ing主动形式表被动意义

一、-ing形式作表语

-ing形式放在系动词之后作表语，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。

My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。

His concern for his mother is most touching.

他对母亲的关爱很感人。

V-ing形式作表语,要注意与句子主语在形式上保持一致. •

Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe. 二、-ing形式作定语

1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的性质特征,状态或动作。

drinking water = water for drinking

饮用水

tiring

music

= music that is tiring

烦人的音乐

2. -ing短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。有逗号分开的,相当于非限制性定语从句，

They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.

3.当表示正在被执行的动作时可用

being done,修饰名词时往往后置. The question being discussed is very important. =The question which is being discussed is very important. 当表示已经被完成用done

This is the building built last year.

将要被完成的动作时则用to be done They’ve designed the building to be built next year.

注意: 现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，应该用完成式，

但现在分词的完成式一般不用作定语。

三、-ing形式作宾语补足语

1. 1)表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。

2)当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：

They found the result very satisfying.

= The result is found very satisfying.

2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, look at, notice, observe, find, hear, listen to, feel, smell等。

2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, get, set, keep, catch, leave等.

3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：①

前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。

We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.

我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。

（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）

We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.

我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）

②

如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，

而-ing形式则表示反复动作。We heard the door slam.

We heard the door slamming.