Using LanguageⅡ优质课教案推荐

第3讲

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans词汇篇

一. 词汇

1. accelerate

v.加速

1) The car accelerated as it overtook me.

那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。

2) The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate.

领先者在其余赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势。

2. knot[来]n.结

v.打结

vt.把...打成结

1) He knotted a towel about his neck.

他把毛巾系在脖子上。

2) There is a knot in the board.

这块木板上有个结。

3) My hair knots easily.

我的头发爱打结。

4) The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo.

这个结系得那么紧, 根本解不开。

5) My dead fingerscould not untie the knot.

我的手指麻木了, 解不开结。[来源:学。科。网] 6) This knot keeps loosening.

这个结老松开。

7) You need a sharp knife to cut through the knot.

你需用快刀才能把结切断。

3. simplify

v.简化,使单纯

vt. 简化

1) She simplified the instructions so that the children could understand them.

她简化了指令以便于儿童理解。

2) That will simplify my task.

那可简化了我的工作。

4. update

v.更新,补充最新资料

1) The data should be updated once a week.

这些数据应该每星期更新一次。

2) Maps need regular updates.

地图需要经常修订。

3) I updated the committee on our progress.

我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况。

4) The feedback from the computer enables us to update the program.

计算机的反馈能使我们更新程序。

5. swoop

n.俯冲,攫取

v. 抓取,突然袭击

1) Police made a dawn swoop.

警方于拂晓时发动了突袭。

2) Planes swooped (low) over the ship.

飞机低飞着掠过那艘船。

3) The robber swooped up the banknotes.

劫匪把钞票一把抢走了。

4) The owl swooped down on the mouse.

那只猫头鹰向着老鼠猛扑下来。

5) The eagle poised in mid-air ready to swoop on its prey.

那鹰在半空中盘旋准备扑向猎物。

6. deposit

n.存款,定金,堆积物

vt. 存放,堆积

vi. 沉淀

1) He deposited the case in the left luggage office.

他把箱子放在行李寄存处。

2) He deposits a sum of money in the bank each month.

他每月在银行存一笔钱。

3) The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them.

尼罗河泛滥，在田野上淤积一层泥。

4) You must deposit 500 as well as the first month's rent.

你必须付500英镑押金及第一个月的租赁费。

5) The shop promised to keep the goods for me if I paid a deposit.

商店答应, 倘若我付定金就给我保留这批货。

6) A thick deposit of mud lay on the fields when the flood went down.

洪水退后, 田野上留下一层厚泥。

7) I had to deposit 10% of the price of the house.

我必须先付房价的10%作定钱。

8) The cheque was only deposited yesterday, so it hasn't been cleared yet. 这张支票昨天才存入银行, 所以尚未兑现。

7. reckon

v. 计算,总计,评估

1) I reckon this will be a hot summer.

我估计这将是一个炎热的夏天。

2) Did you reckon in the cost of the taxi?

你把出租车费算进去了吗？

3) They reckon the book as one of his best works.

他们认为这本书是他的优秀作品之一。

来源:Z_xx_k.Com]

[

4) The news won't worry her, I reckon. 我看这消息不会使她不安。

5) We're reckoning on moving house in May.

我们指望着五月份搬家。

6) Can I reckon on you to help?

你能帮助我吗?

7) When you did your expenses, did you reckon in your taxi fares?

你计算费用时, 把计程车费算进去了吗?

8) They had many difficulties to reckon with.

他们有许多困难要考虑。

8. foresee

v. 预见,预知

1) He foresaw that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.

他预知自己的旅程会被恶劣天气耽搁。

2) Do you foresee any problems with the new system? 对于这种新体制，你看会有什么问题吗？

3) The difficulties could not have been foreseen. 这些困难是无法预见的。

4) He foresaw that the job would take a long time.

他预见到做这件工作需要很长时间。

5) They could not have foreseen how things would turn out.

他们不可能预知事情的结果。

9. tear

n.眼泪,撕破

v. 流泪,撕破

1) She tore her skirt on the nail.

钉子勾破了她的裙子。

2) My wife burst into tears when she heard the bad news.

我太太听到这个坏消息就哭了起来[ 3) Her heart was torn by anxiety.

她焦虑得心都快碎了。

4) She tore the child from its father's arms.

她把孩子从父亲怀里抢了过去。

5) Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk.

你别舍不得离开电视了，出去散散步吧。

6) Don't pull the pages so hard or they will tear.

别那么使劲扯书页，那会撕破的。

7) This cloth tearseasily.

这布料容易撕破。[来源:Zxxk.Com] 8) The child was torn from its mother's arms.

把孩子从母亲怀抱中夺走了。

10. roar

n.吼,咆哮,轰鸣

v. 吼,大声说出,叫喊

1) He roared with pain.

他疼得大叫起来。

2) His amusing performance caused a roar of laughter in the audience.

他那有趣的表演引起了观众的哄堂大笑。

3) The football crowd roared.

足球观众大喊起来。

4) Cars roared past (us).

汽车隆隆地驶过（我们身边）.

5) The crowd roared its approval.

群众高呼赞成。

6) The murmur swelled into a roar.

窃窃私语的声音变大形成一片喧哗。

7) They drove away from the city centre, the roar of the traffic still dinning in their ears.

他们驶出了市中心, 但车来人往的喧嚣声仍在耳中回响。

8) The roar of the train reverberated in the tunnel.

火车的轰隆声在隧道里回荡。

二.

长难句理解

1.

So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positions．

熟练的领航员就能够用它来确定自己的位置。

句中accomplished是形容词，意思是“优秀的，熟练的”，作定语修饰其后的名词。

accomplished 的用法如下：已完成的; 已达到的：

accomplished facts

既成事实；学识渊博的, 技术高超的, 有成就的：

an accomplished cook

厨艺精湛的厨师

an accomplished lady

才女

Judy is accomplished in English teaching.

茱蒂擅长英语教学；

2.

On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by．

在晴朗的日子，尤其是在夏天，水手可以使用正午头顶的太阳来引导他们航行。[来源:学科

句中to navigate by作目的状语，修饰谓语动词，其中的by是介词，它的逻辑宾语是前面的the sun。

例句：

I have no topics to write about.

He found some pens to write with. He is not the person to get along with. 3.

Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．

看不到陆地的时候，可以利用海鸟来定位通向陆地的方向。[来源: ZXXK] 句中used后面有一个停顿。to到land作目的状语。

句中when引导的是时间状语从句，修饰说明主句谓语动词。

4.

The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour．

一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海哩时速。

句中that were counted during a fixed period of time是定语从句，in nautical miles 和per hour 都是状语。[来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K] 5.

Later, when seamenbegan to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables．

后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南针的时候，他们就能够借助复杂的数学表格计算出航行的经度了。

using complicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。

例句：

The boy sat in front of the farm—house cutting the branch.

那男孩坐在农舍前，削树枝。（伴随）

He came running back to tell me the news.

他跑回来告诉我这个消息。（方式）

An old man entered, supported by a girl.

一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走进来。（方式）

6.

Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course.

这样他就能弄清楚他是沿正确航线而不是紊乱航线航行。

rather than 的例句还有：

I think I’ll have a colddrink rather than coffee.

Why didn’t you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?

7.

The earliest，the astrolabe，was a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky．

最早的，那些古代的星盘，是一种单一形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和太空星辰的相对位置。

in relation to …是复合介词短语，作状语。

请看：in relation to (= concerning) this matter。

Its brain is small in relation to (= compared with) its body.

Little of what he said has any relation to fact. 8.

It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments．

它证明是这些早期航海仪器中最准确最可靠的一种。

句中proved可以看作半系动词，后接表语。look，turn，feel，get，become，sound，smell，stand，go，remain等都可能用作半连系动词。

例如：

He looked a perfect fool．

他看上去是个十足的傻瓜。

He turned traitor to his country．

他背叛了祖国。

I felt very hungry after a long walk．

走了一段长路，我感到很饿。

Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger．

我们国家变得越来越强大了。

Some of the land became covered with water．

一些田地覆盖着水。

The story sounds interesting．

这故事听起很有趣。

The flowers smell sweet．

花朵散发芳香。

Holding the note in his hand，he stood there dumb founded．

他拿着钞票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。

They went mad．

他们发狂了。

He never remained satisfied with his success．

他从不满足于自己的成绩。

1. Small businesses are complete at ______mercy of ______banks these days.

A

a ; /

B

the ; /

C

/ ; the

D

a ; the 解析：句意“这段时间，小企业完全在银行的控制下”。at the mercy of…任由、、、、、、的摆布，故第一空需填定冠词the; 第二空泛指银行，故不需要任何冠词。

答案：B 2.（2015江苏南京调研）

Body mass index, or BMI, is a measure of a person’s weight _______height. A person with a BMI of twenty-five to twenty-nine is considered overweight.

A

in view of

B

in relation to

C

in terms of

D

in response to 解析：句意“体重指数或BMI 衡量的是一个人相对于身高的体重”。考查介词短语。in view of

鉴于，考虑到

；in relation to 关于，

涉及，

有关

；in terms of 按照，

在、、、、、、方面；

in response to 作为对、、、、、、的反应。

答案：

B 3. You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future________.

A

purpose

B

reference

C

progress

D

memory 解析：句意“你最好记下那家餐厅的电话号码以供今后查阅”。考查名词辨析。reference 查阅；

purpose

目的；

progress 进步

；

memory 记忆。

答案：B 4. At the ________moment that I put my foot on the step, the bus started.

A

precise

B

delicate

C

considerate

D

special 解析: 句意“恰恰就在我登上公共汽车踏板的时候，车子开动了”。考查形容词辨析。precise 准确的，精确的，恰好；

at the precise moment 恰好在那一刻；

delicate

纤细的，精致的

；considerate 体贴的

；special 特殊的。

答案：

A 5. He is a ______friend. You could depend on him.

A

available

B

possible

C

portable

D

reliable 解析：句意“他是一个可以信赖的朋友。你可以依靠他”。考查形容词的辨析。available 可利用的，

可得到的

；possible

可能的

；portable

轻便的，手提的

；reliable

可靠的，可信赖的。

答案：

D 6. Environmental experts point out that _______some serious problem such as global warming, but it also could threaten human life.

A

not only does increasing pollution cause

B

not only causes increasing pollution

C

not only increasing pollution causes

D

not only increasing pollution does cause 解析：句意“环境专家指出，日益增加的污染不仅带来诸如全球变暖的严重问题，而且威胁到了人类的生命”。在that引导的宾语从句中，

not only 位于句首，用部分倒装。

答案：

A

基础演练

根据汉语或首字母提示填空

1. We continue to see a t_______ toward globalization of financial business. 2. The data should be __________ (更新)once a week. 3. Computers became lighter, smaller, and more p__________ every year. 4. The technology has been s________ so that everyone can use it. 5. Swans are surprisingly _________ (笨拙的) on land. 6. Most people know that the outcome of a coin toss is r________ . 7. The government will grant them permission for oil e__________ . 8. She turned on the ___________ () light and looked around the room. 9. The rocks in the sea had green s__________ growing on them. 10. Despite some s_______ as a cook, he was still the best dad you could ever hope for. 11. The aircraft s________ down over the fields in search of its target. 12. The postman has brought a p________ for you.

13. The r__________ and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colorful life. 14. I think it is ______________(必须做的) t o look over the house. 15. The bird was p__________ seeds out of the sunflowers. 16. The car rolled over the edge of a c________. 17. They planned to organize a scientific ___________ (远征). 18. Hopes are fading for the s________ of the missing climbers. 19. All the arrangements should have been completed before our d________. 20. He d________ a sum of money in the bank each month. 21. The bad weather put us in a d________—shall we move on or go back? 22. He usually goes out for a walk at __________(黄昏) . 23. They lost their way in the desert and died of t_________. 24. There has been a __________ (逐渐的) increase in the number of people owning cars. 25. She had an undergraduate degree in ________ (心理学) . 26. This wire will take 50 pounds t__________ before breaking. 27. These poor people are living on the verge of s________. Keys: 1.

tendency

2.

updated

3.

portable

4.

simplified

5.

awkward

6.

random

7.

exploration

8.

overhead

9.

seaweed

10.

shortcomings

11.

swooped

12.

parcel

13.

reform

14.

compulsory

15.

pecking

16.

cliff

17. expedition

18.

survival

19.

departure

20.

deposits

21.

dilemma

22.

dusk

23.

thirst

24.

gradual

25.

psychology

26.

tension

27.

starvation 巩固提高

1. Generally it is _____ bad manners to blow your nose at _____ table or spit

(吐痰) in ____ public places.

A. ∕; the; the

B. the; a; ∕

C. ∕; ∕; ∕

D. the; ∕; ∕

2. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. one 3. Mother thought it no use _____ me to marry John.

A. forcing

B. letting

C. making

D. to force 4. _____ to train his daughter in computer, he put an ad like this in the paper, “_____ , a computer teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”

A. Determined; Wanted

B. Determined; Wanting

C. Determines; Wanted

D. Determining; Wanting 5. In Britain today, women ______ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.

A. take up

B. make up

C. pick up

D. give up 6. It is said that in Australia, there is more land than the government knows ____________.

A. how to do with it

B. what to do with

C. what to do with it

D. how to do with 7. Was it because it rained heavily last night _____ you didn’t come?

A. that

B. why

C. so

D. what 8. --- You didn’t hear me until now?

--- No. I must ___________ soundly(沉) when you came in.

A. have slept

B. be sleeping

C. sleep

D. have been sleeping[来

9. --- You’ve agreed to go. So why aren’t you getting ready right now?

--- But I _______ that you would like me to start at once. A.

don’t realize

B. haven’t realized

C. didn’t realize

D. hadn’t realized

10. The experiment turned out to be a complete failure, _______ wasn’t ______ they wanted.

A. it; what

B. as; that

C. which; what

D. that; what 11. --- When did you go to Shanghai?

--- I remember ______ there when I was a boy of ten.

A. to be taken

B. being taken

C. to take

D. having taken 12. Robert is said ___________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he

studied in. A . to have studied

B. to be studying C.

to study

D. to have been studying 13. --- I seldom watch TV, but I listen to the radio a lot.

--- ______________.

A. So do I

B. Neither do I

C. The same to me

D. So it is with me.[来源: 14. In China, all the students work hard at school _________ going to university for higher education in the future.

A. in the habit of

B. in the hope of

C. in search of

D. in honor of 15. --- Why does she always ask you for help?

--- There is no one else _____ , is there?

A. who to turn to

B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn

D. for her to turn Keys：

1. A

2. C

3. A

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. A

8. C

9. B

10. C 11. B

12. B

13. C

14. B

15. B

一．翻译句子

1．我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋探索的。

2．在看不见陆地的时候，可以用海鸟来指明通往陆地的去路。

(be used to do)

3．你简直无法想象我们被放逐在小船上漂泊了40天后在帝汶岛登陆时的凄惨样子。

4．在公园里，我看见一个小男孩手持风筝线，风筝在他的头顶上正由风摆布，忽上忽下。

（overhead, at the mercy of）

5．他总是使我们忙个不停，并且竭力使我们忘记饥渴。

（take one’s minds off）

二. 根据首字母填空

1.

However, it was a_______ to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.

2.

This was a more precise and s_______ version of the astrolabe.

3.

It proved to be the most accurate and r_______ of these early navigational instruments.

4.

This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the m___________ amount of risk. 5.

Once we were at sea, our r_______ every day was the same.

6.

There is a special cloud formation which i_________ there is land close by.

7.

Seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were o__________ and in theopen sea.

8.

Wise seamen could a____________ the speed, but they could also be dangerous.

9.

There is no s_______ method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem.

10.

An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a k_________ rope tied to a log over the side of the ship. [来源:学_科_网] 11.

The compass has a specialm_________ pointer which always indicates the North Pole.

12.

The sextant was the u_________ version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes.

13.

It was s_______ quantities but the extreme lack of water was the hardest to cope with psychologically.

14.

The d_____________ of staying on the ship seemed to grow as I thought about how wrong it was to treat Captain Bligh in this way.[来源:Z&xx&k.Com] 15. The t__________ in the boat got worse as the supply of food and water gradually disappeared. Keys: 一．1. We may well wonder how seaman explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.

2. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.[来源:Zxxk.Com]

3. You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like when arriving in Timor over forty days

after being set loose in our small boat. 4. In the park I saw a small boy holding the string of a kite overhead, which was rising and falling at the mercy of the wind. 5. He kept us busy and tried to take our minds off our stomachs and our thirst. 二．1. awkward

2. simplified

3. reliable

4. minimum

5.routine[来源:Z6. indicates

7. offshore

8. accelerate

9. secure

10. knotted

11. magnetic

12. updated

13. starvation

14. drawback

15. tension

一. 单项选择(2014西城二模) 1. — You look great! — I ______ out. Check out my muscles!

A. will work

B. was working

D. had been working

C. have been working

2. ______ Stephon Marbury is an American, he has become a role model among Beijing

basketball fans.

A. As

B. Although

C. When

D. Since

3. It’s been discovered in the study ______ people are more relieved after forgiving others.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whose

4. Grandpa was shocked by the news. Rarely ______ him so quiet.

A. do I see

B. had I seen

C. I had seen

D. I saw

5. The report aims to explain how these conclusions ______.

A. were reached

B. had been reached

C. have reached

D. had reached 6. Sometimes, ______ a patient a get-well card is better than visiting him.

A. to be sent

B. being sent

C. having sent

D. sending 7. It’s always hard to remember a name when one doesn’t have a face to go with ______.

A. him

B. it

C. her

D. one 8. It was unusual that such close neighbors ______ not know one another.

A. could

B. would

C. must

D. should 9. The agent promised to keep the family members fully ______ of any developments.

A. inform

B. informing

C. informed

D. being informed

10. — The professor gave a really good speech.

— I suggest you ______ him some specific questions about his work experience.

A. have asked B. will ask

C. asked

D. ask

11. A person who has never tasted bitter won’t know ______ sweet is.

A. which

B. what

C. when

D. why

12. The landlady prefers to have women in the apartment rather than men. She thinks women take ______ care of things!

A. well

B. good

C. better

D. best

13. Based on a true story, the film shows a hero racing ______ time to get back the stolen papers.

A. behind

B. against

C. about

D. at

14. I’ve made several travel plans for our vacation,

but I’ll leave it to you ______ one.

A. choosing

B. chosen

C. to choose

D. choose 15. Paris has some great museums ______ visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters.

A. where

二. 阅读理解

A My eighth grade consisted of 28 classmates．We knew each other so well that most of us could distinguish each other's handwriting at a glance．Although we grew up together, we still had class outcasts．From second grade on, a small group started harassing （骚扰）

two or three of the others．I was one of those two or three, though I didn't know why．In most cases when children get picked on, they aren't good at sports or they read too much or they wear the wrong clothes or they are of a different race．But in my class, we all read too much and didn't know how to play sports．We had also been brought up to carefully respect each other's race．This is what was so strange about my situation．Usually, people are made outcasts because they are in some way different from the larger group．But in my class, large differences did not exist．It was as if the outcasts were invented by the group out of a need for them．

The harassment came in the form of laughter when I talked, and rolled eyes when I turned around．If I was out on the playground and approached a group of people, they often fell silent．

Sometimes, someone would not see me coming and I would catch the tail end of a joke at my expense．

There was another girl in our class who was perhaps even more rejected than I．She provided the group with a lot of material for jokes．One day one popular girl came up to me to show me something she said I wouldn't want to miss．We walked to a comer of the playground．Three or four girls there were reading aloud from a small book, which I was told was the girl's diary．

I sat down and, laughing till my sides hurt, heard my voice finally mixed with the others．

Often being accepted by others is more satisfying than being accepted by oneself, even though the satisfaction does not last．Looking back, I wonder how I could have participated in making fun of this girl when I knew perfectly well how it felt．If I were in that situation today I would react differently, but I can't honestly be sure．

1. The author was made an outcast because ____．

A. she couldn't play sports as well as others

B. her family belonged to a minority group C. her classmates found her clothes funny

D. her classmates needed to find an outcast 2. How was the author treated as an outcast?

B. which

C. that

D. when

A. She was often the target of teasing．

B. No one responded to her talking．

C. She was refused to approach others．

D. Her diary was often made public．

3. What did the author do to the girl mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. She showed great sympathy with the girl．

B. She joined others in making fun of the girl．

C. She stopped the others from hurting the girl．

D. She found more materials about the girl for jokes．

4. What does the passage intend to tell us? A. Everyone is likely to become an outcast．

B. We shouldn't hit a person when he is down．

C. One should pay somebody back in his own way．

D. Everyone has a desire to be accepted by others．

B Breaking the Code One school night this month I walked quietly up to Alexander, my 15-year-old son, and touched his cheek gently in a manner I hoped would seem casual．A year ago he would have ignored this disturbance but now he reacted impatiently and leaned back to his computer screen．

I made a mistake: breaking into my teenager's personal space．"The average teenager has pretty strong feelings about his privacy," Lara Fox and her friend Hilary Frankel told me．Mr. Frankel and Mr. Fox, both 17, are the authors of Breaking the Code, a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents．It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents, a kind of "Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus" that explains the language and actions of teenagers．The girls dealt with issues including hanging out late, money, school pressures, smoking etc．

Personally, I welcome their opinions．The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers arise from the war between parents exercising their rights to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers firmly guarding their privacy．Teenagers can be quick to interpret their parents' remarks and respond with anger that masks their vulnerability （脆弱）. Ms Fox said, "What we want above all is your approval．Don't forget, no matter how much we act as if we don't care what you say, we believe the things you say about us．" Nancy, a New York child-raising expert said she didn't agree with everything the authors suggested but found their arguments reasonable．"When your kids are saying, ' You don't get it, and you never will, ' there are lots of ways to respond so that they will listen and that is what the writers point out．" " My parents helped me see that, " Mr. Fox told me, " even though they used to stay out late and ride their bicycles to school, times have changed and the way parents educate children is different．These days

there is a major fear factor in bringing up kids．Parents worry about their child crossing the street．" The writers said they hoped simply to throw light on teenage thinking．

5. Why does the author mention the book "Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus ? A. It is one of the best-sellers．

B. It is also written by the two girls．

D. The two books have different opinions．

C. The two books have the similar theme．

6. The underlined sentence "You don't get it, and you never will" in the 4th paragraph implies that ____．

A. the teenagers don't want/to admit their weakness B. the teenagers think that their parents will never understand them C. the parents do not necessarily force into the world of their children D. the generation gap cannot be shortened despite their parents' efforts 7. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that ____．

A. teenagers should guard their privacy B. Nancy totally agrees with the two girls' opinions C. parents are more concerned about children's safety D. the two girls have obtained numerous support from the public 8. According to the two girls, teenagers nowadays are ____．

A. independent

B. intelligent

C. sensitive

D. inconsiderate

C Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization．

Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person．

However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly．People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries．Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy．In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage．

Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it's calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product （GDP）．Before growth is calculated, inflation （通货膨胀）

is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services．Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand．

There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment．The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required．These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people．They also lead to global warming．

Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption．The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the

environment．There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy．They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings．

In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable．This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment．Application of wind energy would Block airflows' natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill．Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure．

For these reasons, bringing about economic ．growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible．

9. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Pollution caused by plant construction

B. Effects of windmills on the environment C. Economic growth and human civilization

D. Economic growth and environmental damage 10. What does the underlined word "They" in the third paragraph refer to? A. Goods and products

C. Water and atmosphere

B. The industrial plants D. Negative health effects 11. According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ____．

A. economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP B. use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment C. industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment D. a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

Keys：

一. 1-5 CBABA

6-10 DBDCD

11-15 BCBCA 二. 1-7

D

A

B

D

C

A

C

C

D

B

C