Using LanguageⅡ特级教师教学实录

英语基本时态

(Tense) Learning target:

4

2

5

1

3

Past

Now

Future 知识点一

现在时

1.一般现在时

do/does或do not/does not（否定）

指经常、反复发生的动作及现在的某种状况。一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态以及客观现实, 普遍真理。

注意：a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening.

b)表客观现实或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east.

c)表永远性的动作或状态。He lives in the country. 4）第三人称单数变化形式。

a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come---_________

speak---_________

work---_________

live---__________

b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.

do---__________

go---__________

finish---_________

brush---__________

c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.

Study---__________

carry----_________

cry---_________

d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s.

play---_________

stay---_________ Step IV. Practice

2min 我们每天晚上做作业。We ___________________ (do) our homework every night. 他每天七点去上班。

He ________________( go) to work at 7 everyday.

我们经常下午打篮球。We often ____________________ (play ) basketball in the afternoon. 他喜欢音乐。

He _______________(like) music.

地球围绕太阳转。

The earth _______________( go ) around the sun. 2. 现在进行时：

am/is/are doing或am/is/are not doing（否定）

表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。常与now, at present

等时间状语连用。

2)基本结构：主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +…

You are listening to me carefully now.

Look! They are dancing.

We are studying English at present .

It’s raining hard now.

3）动词现在分词的构成

①

一般动词直接在词后加-ing do – _________

read - _________

study – _________ 1

②

以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉

e 然后加

– ing like – _________

take – _________ ③

以“一个元音字母

+ 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母再加-ing stop –_________

begin –_________

dig – _________

swim – _________ (注意：listen – listening

open – opening

eat – eating

rain – raining

sleep - sleeping)

练习：

1.

我正在做作业。_______________________________________________ 2.

他正在睡觉。___________________________________________ 3.

目前他正在写一本书。___________________________________________ 知识点二．过去时

1.

一般过去时

did或did not（否定）

过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

1）一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。

I was a student 6 years ago.

I went to Beijing last year.

They saw a film last night. Practice：

昨天他很忙。He _____________(be ) busy yesterday.

两年前他去参军了。He ______________(join) the army 2 years ago.

他在1990年去世了。He _______________ (die ) in 1990.

4）动词过去式变化规则。

a)一般情况下的词加-ed.

work---_________

call----_________

laugh----_________

b)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d .

live----_________

change----_________

smoke----_________

c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.

study----_________

carry----_________

cry----_________

d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.

play----_________

stay----_________

e)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.

permit----_________

admit----_________

stop----_________

plan----_________

f)动词不规则变化：

go----_________

come----________

run----_________

write----_________

begin----_________

drink----_________

keep----_________

leave----_________

sleep----_________

make----_________

eat----________

know----_________ Practice：

我前天拿走了这本书。_____________________________________________________

去年我买了一辆自行车。____________________________________________________ 1) I

(be) a teacher 2 years ago. 2) He

(be) a student now. 2

3) They

(join) the Party in 1998. 4) We

(not eat) apples yesterday. 2.

过去进行时

was/were +doing 或was/were + not +doing（否定）

表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

1）

表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作，

通常与at +时间点+yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。

2）

基本结构

主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +…

1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday. 2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter. 3. We were reading when the teacher came in.

Practice：

1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。_____________________________________________ 2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。_____________________________________________ 3. 师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。_____________________________________________ 4. I ___________ (do) my homework yesterday. 5. He ________________ (do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday. 6. He _______________ (do) his homework now. 知识点三：一般将来时

一般将来时

am/is/are +going to + do 或

am/is/are not going to do（否定）

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。

2)句型结构：主语＋will/shall＋V.原形＋…（第一人称用shall）

I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. They will have a meeting next Sunday. (will=are going to ) 3) be about to＋V.原形

I am about to leave school. 不能与表示时间的副词连用。

They are about to set out.(√)

They are about to set out soon.(×)

Practice：

1.He

(do) his homework at school every day.

2.They

(finish) their work yesterday.

3.We

(visit) their farm next year.

4.我半小时后要吃午饭。I ______________________(have) linch half an hour later .

5.他将骑自行车去学校。He __________________________(go) to school by bike.

6.他们下周日将去买汽车。They _________________ (buy) cars next Sunday.

知识点四. 过去完成时

过去完成时

had + p.p（过去分词）或had + not +p.p（过去分词）

3

以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

1）

表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态，

强调“过去的过去”，

常与

by the time, by the end of…,before , by

等引导时间的状语连用。

2）

基本结构

主语+ had + 动词过去分词

+ …

When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already. He had learned English before he came here. He had taught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.

I. Fill in the blanks.

1. We usually ______________ (get ) up at 7:00 every morning. 2. She __________ (watch) TV when she heard a loud knock at the door this time yesterday. 3. My mother ______________ (come) here tomorrow. 4. Look ! Some one ______________ (dance) there. 知识点五：

现在完成时

现在完成时

have/has +p.p（过去分词）或have/has + not +p.p（否定）

过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

1）1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响

2．表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态

通常与下列时间状语连用

up to now, in the past, recently, by… , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just…

2)

基本结构

主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)

1. He has ever been to Australia.

2. I have not heard from her recently. 3. I have already read this book. 3)

过去分词的构成

（规则变化同过去式的构成）

不规则变化如

do

did

done 4）

注意

1.

含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与for,

since引导的一般时间状语连用。

（buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等）

I have bought a book. I have bought a book for 3 day.

(错) I have had a book for 3 years. 2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

（时间状语的区别）

I ______________ (hear) form her recently. I ______________ (hear) form her yesterday

练习：

他们居住在中国三年了。They _______________________(live) in China for 3 years. 他看这部电影两次了。He ___________________(watch) the movie twice.

Bob 自从

1997 年在这所学校教学。Bob ______________( teach) in the school since 1997. 4

练习：

1.They saw empty glasses and cups and realized that three people _______ in the room. A were

B had been

C

have been

Dare 2.The man can’t see where he _____.He ______to fall into the hole in front of him.

A is going；is going

B goes；is going

C is going；will go

D goes；will go

3.I_____a novel by Dickens last night, and another night I will finish it. A

have read

B read

C

have read D

was reading 4.I don’t smoke now, but I______for almost ten years.

A ever smoked

B.have ever smoked

C.had ever smoked

D.was ever smoking 5.Last week I went to see Mike in the hospital and he _____with great content. A had recovered

B.was recovering

C.recovered

D.would recover

6.I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he______it A doesn’t mention

B.hadn’t mention

C.didn’t mention

D hasn’t mentioned

7.I know he is getting on well recently. He _____ me regularly. A.writes to

B.has written to

C.wrote to

D.in writing to 8.Let’s go out now. It _____

A.doesn’t rain

B.hasn’t rained

C.isn’t raining

D.wasn’t raining

9.She ______ her mother with the housework. At this time she usually ______her homework. A. is helping

does

B. helps

is doing

C. is helping

is doing

D. helps

does 10.I didn’t catch the train. It ______at 9:45 am. A. had left

B. has left

C.was leaving

D.leaves 11.----We want to sit at the table near the window. ----I’m sorry,but it ______already.

A.was taken

B.has been taken

C.will be taken

D.has taken

12.He was so near-sighted that he didn’t see the notice which _______”Wet paint!”

A.was told

B. read

C. told

D. was read 13.The telephone had been ringing for several minutes before it______ A.answered

B. had answered

C.was answering

D.was answered 14.The door _____.Better get someone to have it repaired right now. A.isn’t open

B. hasn’t been open

C.isn’t be open

D.won’t open

15.I don’t know if he _____.If he _____, I’ll let you know.

A. Will come ;will come

B. Comes; comes

C. will come

comes

D. Comes; will come 5

16.Before I _______ him a week he tried to borrow money from me. A.knew

B. have known

C.know

D.had known 17.----Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad. -----Oh, really ?I__________; __________ visit her. A. didn’t know;

I’ll go and

B. don’t know; I’ll go and

C. don’t know ;

I’m going to

D. didn’t know; I ‘m going to

18.The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one

could have imagined the role in the markets that they _______ A. were playing

B. were to play

C. had played

d. played 19. I really don’t think Ketty will mind it, but you’d better go and see her in case she ______. A. does

B. do

C. will mind

D. has minded 20. ----Hey.

Look where you are going! -----Oh, I am terribly sorry,_______. A. I am not noticing

B. I wasn’t noticing

C. I haven’t noticed

D. I don’t notice

21.-----My watch has stopped .What time is it now? -----Sorry , my watch ________.

It _________at the shop . A.was broken;

was repaired

B.is broken;

is repaired C.is broken;

is being repaired

D.was broken;

was being repaired

22.I am terribly sorry for being late, but I ______in the traffic jam. A.had been caught

B. had caught

C.was caught

D.caught 23.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _____by now. A. hasn’t turned up

B. doesn’t turn up

C. won’t turn up

D. hadn’t turned up

24.She ______tennis quite well ,but she hasn’t had time to play since she moved to the new school. A.will play

B.have played

C.played

D. plays

25.To find the street where my former English teacher used to live is no easy task because the city _______so rapidly all these years. A .is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change 26.----____You are drinking too much. -----____Only at home. No one _____me but you. A. is seeing

B. had seen

C. sees

D. saw 27.All the preparations for the task ________and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed 6

28.-----You’ve left the light on. -----Oh, so I have. __________ and turn it off. A. I’ll go

B. I’ve gone

C.I

go

D. I’m going 29.-----How are you today? ------Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time. A. didn’t feel

B. wasn’t feeling

C. don’t feel

D. haven’t felt

30.The reporter said that the UFO___________east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling

B. traveled

C. had been traveling

D. was to travel 31.Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes. A. lose

B. will be lost

C. are lost

D. will lose 32.I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _________my mum A am taking

B. have taken

C. take

D. will have taken 33.-----A new cinema _____here.

----- They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built

B .is built

C. has been built

D is being built 34.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______so rapidly. A. is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change 35.I_____Ping-pong

quite well ,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A. played

B. will play

C. have played

D. play 36.Visitors____not to touch the exhibits. A. will request

B. request

C. are requesting

D. are requested 37.-----John and I ___________friends for eight years. -----We first got to know each other at a Christmas party . But we __________each other a couple of times before that. A had been ; have seen

B. have been ; have seen

C. had been ;had seen

D. have been; had seen 38.This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ____trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed

B. is killed

C. was killed

D. was killing 39.-----How are the team playing? -----They are playing well ,but one of them ____hurt. A. got

B. gets

C. are

D. were

40.----You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? ----I’m sorry I______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A.

wasn’t saying

B.

don’t say

C.

won’t say

D didn’t say

BADAB

CACAD

BBDDC

DABAB

CCADA

CDADA

BADAD

DDCAD

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