Learning about Language教学活动设计方案

M2U1定语从句

(广州市花都区秀全中学

黄海娟)

一、课型提炼（课型特点及教学过程）

（一）课型特点：

符合中国学生认知规律的循序渐进的语法教学能够迅速有效地帮助学生准确地理解和掌握英语。但是，语法教学本身并非目的，而是为了学生掌握和运用语言服务的。学生首先要理解该语法项目所表达的基本意义，例如是表达感情、陈述信息还是描述实践；其次掌握传递意义的语言形式，即掌握某个词在句子中的作用（即词性）、句子构成的法则（即如何安排句子中词的顺序的规则）；第三，明确该语法在实际使用中的语用或者社会功能的的得体性和恰当性，即该语法是表达邀请、建议还是投诉功能。学习语法的最好方法是在“用”中学。语法教学模式可概括为“呈现一发现一归纳实践一活用”。书中的语法项目主要是在一定的情景中出现的。首先要让学生自己发现各单元中的新的语法现象，并要帮助他们归纳出语法结构形式与功能。引导学生正确运用语法结构。语法的实践活动主要体现在教科书的语法练习部分。语法的练习具有层次性，一般包括: 结构认知性练习、控制和指导性练习、交流性练习。要使学生真正掌握并能活用所学语法结构，还必须依靠听说读写任务等综合语言运用的大量活动才能做到。在高中英语教科书中，一个单元基本只介绍一个语法点。在选修阶段，语法结构还要循环反复，呈螺旋上升趋势，不断巩固和加深。

（二）教学过程：

根据英语语法课的课型特点，语法常规教学流程如下：

1.

习得概念

，提炼规则

（例－规）：提出情境（课文）--观察案例--提出概念--总结规则。

2.

操练规则

（规－例）：进一步提供情境；尝试练习；（精加工策略）；评价、强化情境与语法项目的关联；注重准确性。

3. 规则的迁移与变式运用（规－例）：逐步提供综合性情境；判断情境与语法项目的关联；运用正确语法形式完成有意义的任务。

以本课的教学设计为例，本课的教学过程大致如下：

提供情景，探究发现----习得概念，提炼规则——尝试练习，操练规则——变式运用，活化规则

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二、教学设计

定语从句（一）教学设计

一、教学目标

目标1：掌握定语从句的概念、功能、；

目标2：理解定语从句的引导词的功能并能分清其种类；

目标3：学习并活用引导的定语从句的各种关系代词的用法，尤其是that的特殊用法。

二、教学过程

环节

学生活动

从课文中选出含定语从句的句子，供学生观察：

学生观察后填空：

以上各句皆为主从复合句，划线部分从句对前面的名词或代词起修饰作用。

教师活动

设计意图

引起学生的注意，引入新的语法知识

1．The number of people who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 2．Then, later that afternoon, another big 一．

quake which/that was almost as strong as the first 提供one shook Tangshan. 3．The army organized teams to dig out those 情景

who were trapped and to bury the dead.

4．China is a country that/which has a long 探究history. 发现

5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 6．The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.

1.

与学生一起归纳出定从的概念、功能，

引导学生从另一角度观察以上句子 -- 二．

关注引导定语从句的关系词的功能及其习得

分类

概念

2.引导学生观察各种例句，学习引导的定语从句的各种关系代词的用法，尤其是

提炼that的特殊用法。

规则

1.

在老师的引导下，归

此环节采用例纳出定从的概念、功能；－规法，引发关注引导定语从句的关学生的思考

系词的功能及其分类。

2.观察各种例句，学习引导的定语从句的各种关系代词的用法，尤其是that的特殊用法。

此环节采用规－例法。将上一环节习得的定从的语法规则用于实践。

此环节采用规－例法。通过讨论完善自己本语法点的知识体系

１.做课本练习及导学案的三．

1.让学生做课本Discovering useful （选关系代词填空）

[即时演练]1、2、3

尝试structures中的Ex.2 练习

2. 让学生做导学案 [即时演练]1、2、3

操练规则

四．

提供多种形式的训练，让学生做导学案变式

“强化训练”

训练

活化运用

2

1. 做导学案“强化训练” ２.与同伴讨论答案

五．

练习巩固

提升能力

布置课后练习：

1.

高考链接

2.

能力提升

运用规则，完成练习

此环节采用规－例法进行综合了巩固训练与变式训练的能力提升训练。

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三、配套导学案

定语从句（一）导学案

【学习目标】

目标1：掌握定语从句的概念、功能、；

目标2：理解定语从句的引导词的功能并能分清其种类；

目标3：学习并活用引导的定语从句的各种关系代词的用法，尤其是that的特殊用法。

一、探究发现

【观察一】仔细观察下列句子，注意划线部分从句的用法。

1．The number of people who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 2．Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which/that

was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 3．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 4．China is a country that/which has a long history. 5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 6．The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada. 【我的发现】

以上各句皆为_____________句，划线部分从句对前面的名词或代词起___________作用。

二、定语从句的概念

定义：在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰或限定作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系词的分类：关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)。

2．关系代词的作用

【观察二】再次观察“探究发现”中的句子，归纳关系代词的作用：

（1）_________作用：引导从句，和主句相连

（2）_________作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词

（3）在从句中充当成分：

句1、2、3、4作_______、句5作定语，句6作_______或表语

3. 关系代词的基本用法

1）who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。

The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。

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Danny was the man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。

2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。

The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

3）whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。

I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。

He lives in a room whose window faces north. 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。

[即时演练1]

关系代词填空

①Do you know the man________ is talking with your mother? ②Those ______ want to see the film set down your names, please. ③This is the person _________you should thank for helping your son. ④The girl ______

graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda. ⑤I like those books _______topics are about history. ⑥Any student _______ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 4）which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。

The little girl is having an apple which is big and red. 小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。

5）that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom，指物多用which。

The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语) The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语) 【注意】

(1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。

[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。

[误]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening. [正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening. 5

(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。

Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day? 那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗？

[即时演练2]

关系代词填空

①Look, here are some people ____________ I want you to meet. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm _________we visited three months ago? ③The picture ___________ was about the accident was terrible. （3）关系词只能用that而不用which的情况

1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。

Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做了。

2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食品。

3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。

I’ve read all the books that are not mine. 我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。

The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。

I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。

4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。

We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.

我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。

[即时演练3]

补全句子

①This is the most beautiful park ________________________________. 这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。

②She took photographs of the things and people ________________________________. 她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。

③Chatting was_____________________________

interested her most. 聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。

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四、强化训练

I. 单句语法填空

1．I still remember the earthquake ____________ happened in 2008 in Sichuan. 2．Have you read the book ____________was written by Anne Frank? 3．The first thing _________he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 4．Is this the teacher ___________rescued several students from the burning building? 5．Do you know the lady ___________our English teacher is talking with under the big tree? 6．It is the tallest building_________ Daming has seen ever since he came here. 7．My father bought a new bike for me __________price added up to more than 1,000 yuan. 8．She said she would do anything _______could help her mother recover from the disease. 9．Anyone _______has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 10．The boy and the dog _______are in the picture are very lovely.

II.用定语从句合并句子

1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now. →Do you know the man _______________________________________? 2．I have seen the film. They’re talking about the film. →I have seen the film ___________________________. 3．The book was written by Mark Twain. He was a famous American writer. →The book was written by Mark Twain _______________________________. 4．Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her. →Last week Mary wore the dress_____________________________. 5．The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese. →The girl ___________________is from America. 6．My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old. →My grandparents live in a house________________________________. III.补全句子

1．This is the very hotel___________________ when I was travelling here. 这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。

2．He is a man ___________________________________. 他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。

3．This is the very book ____________________________. 这正是我要找的那本书。

4．The earthquake _____________________________shocked the people all over the world. 发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。

5．She is one of the girls _____________________________. 7

她是通过考试的女孩之一。

五、巩固练习

（一）

高考链接

●语法填空

1.

(2017全国Ⅰ) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both （fat and salt）,

___________ is not good for the health. 2.

(2017全国III) But Sarah, _______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

3.(2016全国III) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 4. (2015全国Ⅰ) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________________

are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 5. (2014全国Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit _______________

is driving your family crazy. ●短文改错

1. (2017全国II) In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. 2. (2017全国III) Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time : car magazines and musical instruments.

（二）能力提升

(Workbook P64, Student’s

book: Using structures, Ex. 1.) Read the passage through and complete the sentences below, using who(m), which, that or whose. 阅读短文，根据短文内容用who(m), which, that or whose等引导的定语从句完成句子。

参考答案：

一、

探究发现

【我的发现】主从复合,

修饰/限定

【观察二】(1)连接,

(2) 替代/指代,

(3) 主语,

宾语

三、关系代词引导的定语从句

[即时演练1]

1.who

2. who

3. who/whom

4 who

5

whose

6 whose 8

[即时演练2]

1. who/whom/that

2. (that/which)

3. which/that [即时演练3]

1. that_I_have_visited.

2. that_she_was_interested_in.

3. the_only_thing_that 四、强化训练

I.单句语法填空

1.that/which

2. which/that

3. that

4. who/that 5. who/that 6. that

7. whose 8. that 9. who

10. that II. 用定语从句合并句子

1.

who/that_spoke_to_the_headmaster_just_now? 2.

(that/which)_they’re_talking_about 3.

who_was_a_famous_American_writer. 4.

that/which_I_gave_to_her 5.

whose_father_is_a_Chinese 6.

which/that_is_more_than_100_years_old III.补全句子

1.

(that)_I_stayed_at 2.

whom_we_are_all_ready_to_learn_from. 3.

that_I_am_looking_for. 4.

that/which_happened_in_Tangshan_in_1976 5.

who_have_passed_the_exam. 五、巩固练习

（一）高考链接

语法填空1. which

2 who

3.who

4.that/which

5. that/which 短文改错

1.that→

which

2.they→

that/which

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