Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学目标

2018学年高三英语阅读理解专题

说明文阅读

广州市第七十五中学 方

菲

主题：高三英语阅读理解专题——说明文阅读

语篇类型：说明文

授课时长：

40分钟

教材分析

高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普人文知识等方面的题材，是高中阅读理解中的难点，体现了英语语言的使用性和逻辑性，同时也增加了试题难度。本课教学课题是说明文阅读，课型是高三英语阅读理解专题课，主要从阅读技能渗透、文本处理、思维品质培养三个方面着手，引导学生通过mind map把握篇章内容，杜绝阅读的碎片化。在前置性作业中，教师从人教版8个模块的课文中，挑选整理了6个典型的说明文段落，帮助学生完成mind map，梳理篇章结构，获取文章主旨大意，总结说明文主题特点和结构特点。

课堂内容包括三个语篇的阅读。第一篇选自2018课标全国卷III，B篇阅读第一段，讲述城市的兴起壮大衰落，以纽约和道森两个城市为例，给出了隐藏在背后的真正推手。第二篇文章主题为Is Your Memory Online，

讲述了在互联网普及后，人们开始提出疑问，使用互联网搜索信息，人类的记忆能力是否会减弱？哥伦比亚大学Betsy Sparrow教授通过实验得出结论：人类在使用互联网获取信息时，记忆力并没有下降；相反，交互式记忆能力变强，人类改编的只是记忆的方式而已。第三篇文章选自2018课标全国卷II，D篇阅读，通过举例、实验等方法介绍了small talk的重要性及其意义。这三篇文章均为典型的说明文，与高考紧密结合，文章脉络清晰，结构严谨，首尾呼应，适合训练学生利用说文明的特点，查找段落主题句和主题词，分析段落间的逻辑联系，快速获取文章的主旨大意和结构的好文章。本节课中，我们将带领学生通过mind map梳理说明文篇章结构，获取文章主旨大意、文中不同观点以及拟定标题。此外，在总结部分，我们还将引导学生使用mind map 对所学的阅读技巧进行总结和梳理。

学情分析

此次区级公开课为借班上课，学生是113中学高三理科次重点班的学生。根据对学生区一模均分分析，这三篇阅读材料贴近高考，长度适中，难易合理。高三的学生已基本具备在阅读中获取细节信息的能力，并能用英语表达观点，难度在于激发学生的篇章结构意识，挑战学生在说明文的阅读过程中，快速理解篇章结构，获取文章主旨大意的能力。学生一般对这类文章有畏惧心理，如何调动学生在阅读文章时主动思考，把握篇章结构和逻辑联系，是教学设计重难点。

教学目标

经过本课的学习，学生能够：

1.

知晓说明文的特点和篇章组织方式；

2.

查找文中主题句和关键词完成mind map，获取文章的主旨大意，杜绝阅读的碎片化

3.

学会分辨说明文中事实，作者的观点、他人的观点；

4.

知识迁移，在全国英语高考阅读篇章中实践，最终提高阅读理解试题的得分率。

教学重难点

学生使用思维导图（mind map）分析说明文的篇章结构和快速获取主旨大意，并应用在阅读实践中，最终提高说明文阅读效率。

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学习准备：通过前置性作业中的课文典型段落阅读，思考说明文的特点和写作方式。

教学资源：教材、多媒体课件、学案、黑板和粉笔。

教学过程

步骤

教学活动

设计意图

核心素养提升点

语言能力：

获取、概括信息

思维品质：

利用思维导图分析、概括并整合信息。

Step 1

Lead in

Learn from the homework

(3min) 1.

Ss present their result of self-learning before the class by 同类文章阅读，寻concluding their homework. 找规律

2.

T makes a conclusion

How is an exposition organized? (20min) 1.

T instructs Ss to have a better 从主题和结构understanding of exposition from 特点的角度，引Step 2 different angles, including topics 导学生了解说Some and ways to illustrate topics. 明文的特点。

features of 2.

Ss review how to get the main 复习获取文章exposition idea of a passage.

主旨大意的阅读技巧。

1.

Ss Put several sentences in the 引导学生根据说right order to make up an expository 明文主题和篇章Step 3 将句子paragraph, and tell the reason for the 结构特点，

排序，最终构成一order. Paragraph 深2.

Ss continue to finish the Qs 个完整的段落，analysis 化学生的篇章结following the paragraph. 构意识。

学习能力：

归纳、总结、发现规律。

思维品质：利用思维导图分析、整合信息。

Step 4

Passage analysis 语言能力；

1.

Ss underline the topic sentence 整合运用语言进or circle the topic words in each 1.

引导学生通行表达。

paragraph. 过段落主题

2.

T guides Ss to complete a mind 句和关键词思维品质：

map to get the main idea of the 完成thinking 利用思维导图分passage. Remind Ss to notice the map，获取文析、归纳，梳理relationship between paragraphs. 章主旨大意文章结构，获取3.

Ss underline some facts, a 和段落联系。

主旨大意；分析sentence of the author’s opinion and 2.

引导学生区判断事实与不同a sentence of Bestsy Sparrow’s 分事实和观观点。

opinion.

点。

4.

Ss write a title for the passage. 3.

指导学生概括标题。

文化意识：

联系现实生活，思考人类记忆与互联网的关系。

Link to the examination (15min) 2

1.

Ss read the passage individually and underline the topic sentences or circle the key words while reading. 2.

Ss draw a mind map in groups to find the main idea and the Step 5 structure. Practice

3.

Ss discuss their ways to work out the questions in groups. 4.

One or two groups act as teachers to give their answers and present their ideas to the class.

学以致用，迁移创新。学生将前面环节学到的阅读技巧运用到本段学习材料中，通过thinking map 获取文章大意、结构思路，并依此解题（细节与主题的关系，

他人观点，

主旨大意和标题）。学生讲题，分享解题思路。

语言能力：

整合运用语言进行表达；描述阐释意义。

思维品质：

利用思维导图分析、归纳，梳理文章结构，获取主旨大意，分析文中观点，归纳标题。

学习能力；

自主学习，合作学习

Conclusion (2 min) 1.

T invites Ss to summarize the skills learned in class orally. 如何用mind map Step 6 2.

Make a conclusion about what 梳理所学的知识，Conclusion they have learnt in the class 加深理解。

through a mind map. 3.

Homework Ss: Students

T: Teacher

IW: Individual work

GW: Group work 板书设计

学习能力：回顾前面所学的阅读技巧，梳理所学内容，学以致用。

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2018学年高三英语阅读理解专题

说明文阅读

Pre-class assignment Task 1 Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph, circle the key words, and then complete the charts.

Paragraph 1 English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.

Topic: ____________________________

Paragraph 2 Spring festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The county, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

Topic: ____________________________ 4

Paragraph 3

Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiple and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appears for the first time. They produce young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.

Topic: ____________________________

Paragraph 4 5

What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and undergound water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.

Topic: ____________________________

Paragraph 5 There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.

Topic: ____________________________

Q: What is the function of the graph? _____________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 6 However, the attitudes of scientist towards this rise are completely different. On the one hand, Dr. Foster thinks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe. She says, “we can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of 6

diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals –

all of which will make life for human beings better.”

Topic: ____________________________

Task 2 Make a Conclusion

1.

What is the topic of each paragraph? What type of writing do you think they are? 2.

In what ways do the authors make their ideas clear to the readers? Think about the questions above and fill in the form.

Paragraph Topic Ways to illustrate the topic 1 2 3 4 5 6 Spring festivals around the world

using examples

Word bank

expository[ɪk'spɒzətrɪ] adj. 说明的，解释的

essay[ˈeseɪ] n.短文

cue [kju:] n.线索

illustrate[ˈɪləstreɪt] v.（用示例、图画等）说明

illustration[ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn] n.插图;说明;例证;图解

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