Learning about Language教学内容分析

Unit1 Cultural relics Grammar (The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause) Aims: To learn about the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause To discover some useful words and expression To discover some useful structures Procedures: I. Warming up Warming up by discovering useful words and expression Please turn to page3. Do exercises 1,2 and 3 first. Please check your answers

against your classmates’.

Warming up by explaining Now, class, since you’ve read the passage, could you explain to me how to use the phrase “belong

to”? The word “to” here is a preposition, indicating the possession, and is always followed by noun or pronoun. Look atEx3. II. Learning about Attributive Clause

1.What is an adjective Clause?

An adjective clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of an adjective in another clause or phrase. Like an adjective, an adjective clause modifies noun or pronoun, answering questions like “which?”

or“ what kind of?” Consider the following examples: Adjective the red coat Adjective clause the coat which I bought yesterday Like the word “red” in the first example, the depend the clause “which I bought yesterday” in these example modifies the noun “coat.” Note that an adjective clause usually comes after what it modifies, while an adjective usually comes before. In formal writing, an adjective clause begins with the relative pronouns “who(m),”

“that,” or “which.”In formal writing speech you may leave out there lative pronoun when it is not the subject of the adjective clause, but you should usually include the relative pronoun informal, academic writing: informal The books people read were mainly religious. formal The books that people read were mainly religious. informal Some fire fighters never meet the people they save. formal Some fire fighters never meet the people whom they save. Here are some more examples of adjective clauses: the meat which they ate was tainted

This clause modifies the noun “meat” and answers the question “which

meat?”.

They’re talking about the movie which made him cry This clause modifies the noun “movie” and answers the question “which

movie?”.

They are searching for the student who borrowed the book The clause modifies the pronoun “student” and answers the question “which

student?”.

Did I tell you about the auth or whom I met? The clause modifies the noun “author” and answers the question “which

author?”.

2.Restrictive & nonrestrictive clauses Do the following pairs of sentences mean the same thing? 1a M y uncle, who lives in London ,is very rich. 2bMyunclewholivesinLondonisveryrich. 2aThepolicies,whichwereunpopular,wererejectedbythevoters. 2bThepolicieswhichwereunpopularwererejectedbythevoters. 3aMyniece,whosehusbandisoutofwork,willinheritthehouse,whichIhavealwaystreasured. 3bMyniecewhosehusbandisoutofworkwillinheritthehousewhichIhavealwaystreasured. Thefirstsentenceineachpairhasanon-restrictiveclausewithintwocommas,andthesecondhasarestrictiveclause. Anon-restrictiveclausesimplyaddsmoreinformationintothesentenceanddoesnotaffectthemeaningofthemainclause: itisthereforebracketedoffwithcommas(1a=anunclewhohappenstoliveinLondon). Conversely,arestrictiveclausedefinesitsreferentinthemainclausemorespecificallyandcontributessignificantlytothemeaningofthesentence. ThusitisthatparticularunclewholivesinLondonwhoisreferredto(1b). In2a,allpolicieswereunpopularandallwererejected,whereasin2bonlythepoliciesthatwereunpopularwererejected. Notethatinrestrictiveclausesthenon-humanrelativepronouniseither‘that’or‘which’,whereasforhumanreferentstherelativepronouncanbeeither‘who/m’or‘that’(themanthat/whomIwillmarry....). 3.AtestonFORMALADJECTIVECLAUSES Directions:Combinethesentences.UseformalwrittenEnglish. Use(b)asanadjectiveclause.Punctuatecarefully. 1)(a)Anantecedentisaword.(b)Apronounreferstothisword. Anantecedent____ 2)(a)Thebluewhaleisconsideredthelargestanimalthathaseverlived.(b)Itcangrowto100feetand150tons. Thebluewhale____ 3)(a)Theplanewasmetbyacrowdof300.(b)Someofthemhadbeenwaitingformorethan4hours. Theplane____ 4)(a)Inthispaper,Iwilldescribethebasicprocess.(b)Rawcottonbecomescottonthreadbythisprocess.

Inthispaper,Iwilldescribe____ 5)(a)Theresearchersaredoingcasestudiesofpeopletodeterminetheimportanceofheredityinhealthandlongevity.(b)Thesepeople’sfamilieshaveahistoryofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease. Theresearchersaredoingcasestudies____ 6)(a)Attheendofthismonth,scientistsattheinstitutewillconducttheirAIDSresearch.(b)Theresultsofthisresearchwillbepublishedwithin6months. Attheendofthismonth,scientists____ 7)(a)Accordingtomanyeducationofficials,‘mathphobia’(thatis,afearofmathematics)isawidespreadproblem.(b)Asolutiontothisproblemmustandcanbefound. Accordingtomanyeducationofficials,‘mathphobia’____

8)(a)Theartmuseumhopestohireanewadministrator. (b)Underthisperson’sdirectionitwillbeabletopurchasesignificantpiecesofart.

Theartmuseum____ 9)(a)Thegiantanteaterlicksupantsforitsdinner. (b)Itstongueislongerthan30centimeters(12inches). Thegiantanteater____ 10)(a)Theanteater’stongueissticky.

(b)Itcangoinandoutofitsmouth160timesaminute. Theanteater’stongue____

III.Closingdownbytakingaquiz QuizonAttributiveclause Selectoneanswerfromthechoicesprovidedaftereachsentence.Thewordsyouchooseshouldfittheblankinthesentence.Don’tusetheHINTbuttonsunlessyoureallyneedthem.

1.Asmanychildren cameweregivensomecakes. A.that B.as C.who D.whom

2.Thevisitorssawrowsofhousestheroofs arered. A.onwhich B.ofwhich C.where D.that

3.Iusuallytakeanapafterlunch, ismyhabit. A.whichit B.asit C.as D.that

4.Pleasetellmetheway youdidthejob. A.how B.where C.which D.inwhich

5Isthismuseum someGermanfriendsvisitedthedaybeforeyesterday? A.theone B.which C.that D.where

6.Thefarmeruseswoodtobuildahouse tostoregrain. A.inwhich B.where C.that D.withwhich

7.Ishallneverforgettheyears Ispentinthecountrywiththefarmers, hasagreateffectonmylife. A.when,which B.that,which C.when,that D.which,that

8.Littlehasbeendone ishelpfultoourwork. A.that B.what C.which D.allthat

9.Perhapsthisistheonlymarket youcangetsuchcheapgoods. A.that B.ofwhich C.bywhich D.where

10.We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,__ wewon’tbesobusy.

A.when B.which C.atwhich D.inthat

Key:1~10：BBCDA ABADA