Learning about Language教案评析

Unit 2 Working the land

Learning about language I. Learning Aims 1. Learn the rules of v-ing form as the Subject and Object. 2. Improve the students’ reading and writing ability. II. Discovering useful words and expressions Find the word or phrase from the text for each of these meanings.

1.

_________ brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun 2.

________ to make something or somebody free of 3.

_________ to become larger in size, number or amount 4. ________ to make information and ideas known to many people 5. ____________ would prefer to 6. ________ to try extremely hard to achieve something 7. ______ to send things to foreign countries for sale 8. ___________ pleased by having what one wants or needs 9. ______ to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose 10. _____ plants grown in large amounts by farmers 11. _________ because of III. Complete the passage with the words below in their proper forms.

disturbing expand output struggle battles grain crops decade equip

In the past _______, some of the farmers in the west of China have met with some success in the ________ against the __________ desert. _________ with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past. Their ______ of _____ and other ______, however, is still the same, which makes it possible for them to use the remaining farmland for planting trees. These and other farmers are starting to win small ______ in the great war against the __________ growth of the desert.

IV.Grammar

The –ing form as the Subject and Objec 一、

动词-ing形式作主语

1.表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。 Eg. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。常见的名词或名词短语有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。 Eg. It’s no use making an excuse for this.

动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：

动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作, 不定式则通常表示具体的动作。 Eg. 1) As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure． 2) He said, “To go on like this is useless.”

归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：

•

It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的

•

It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的

•

It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得

•

It is/was worth/worthwhile doing

做……是值得的

•

There is no doing... 无法……; 不允许……

There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理

There is/was no use doing 干……无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比……更糟的

There is/was no point doing 干……无意义

我们不知道要去哪儿。

There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 二、动名词用作宾语

动名词作宾语有两种情况。

1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。

Eg. I can’t avoid going．

2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。

A. 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。

B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。 C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作。 eg. I remember posting the letter．

I’ll remember to post the letter． D. 在try, mean 之后, 意义各不相同, 如 try to do (设法), try doing (试试), mean to do (打算, 有意要做), mean doing (意思是, 意味着)。

E. go on doing 和go on to do go on doing 继续做一直在做的事; go on to do 接着做另一件事。 F. stop doing 与 stop to do: Stop doing 停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。 3. 作介词宾语

动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。

A. 介词+动名词

Eg. We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.

B. 动词+介词+动名词

Eg. I insist on taking proper food for this trip．

下列短语中的to都是介词, 所以后面跟名词或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to, be used to等。