Learning about Language教学设计(第二课时)

【Learning objectives】学习目标

巩义市第一高级中学

高三英语导学案

Practice makes perfect

编号：003_____

10.

The reason why he was late for the meeting was that the alarm clock went wrong.

The Attributive Clause（定语从句）

11.

The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.

Designer: Jiao Deqiang

Director: Yu Peng

Date:Aug. 23

12.

Mandela was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 1、

通过阅读含有定语从句的句子，能够识别先行词、定语从句、关系词及其在从句中充当的成分；

2、

通过分类训练，能够选择合适的关系词；

3、通过强化训练，能够在口头表达和书面表达中恰当地运用定语从句。

Step2.Summing-up 自我归纳

1、先行词是____________________. 2、关系词用来引导定语从句，通常指代的是_______________的含义。关系词that、which、who、whom、whose是关系代词，在其引导的定语从句中作________________________成分,作__________成分时可以省略；关系词where、when、why是关系副词，在其引导的定语从句中作_____________成分。

【Learning difficult points】难点:

Choose the correct relative.正确选用关系词。

【Learning methods】：

Individual work and cooperative learning.自主学习与合作学习。

Step3.Summarizing key points （一）关系代词引导的定语从句

1、指代人的关系代词：

＊

who在从句中多做主语。

I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK. ＊

whom在从句中多做宾语，可省略。

The girl (whom) you just met is Cathy. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

＊

who和whom在引导定语从句时的替换问题：

who和whom在其引导的定语从句中充当宾语

(介词不提前)时，可以相互替换。

①

I want to thank those who have helped me. ②

I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who\whom) I met in the English speech contest last year. 2、指代物的关系代词：which在从句中多做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

Later that afternoon, another big quake which

was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.

Literature is a subject (which) I know little about. He is now reading a book about a scientist, which he dreams to be. 3、既可以指代人又可指物的关系代词：

＊

that在从句中多做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything (that) they could find. Is she the girl that sells newspapers? ＊

whose既可以指代人又可物，在从句中作定语。

A number of children whose parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities. 1 【Learning steps】：

Step1.Warming up 请将每句中的定语从句标上下划线，并标出先行词、关系词及其在从句中充当的成分。

1.

A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 2.

The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.

3.

Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 4.

The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

5.

The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything (that) they could find.

6.

A number of children whose parents had died in the quake were sent to live with families in other cities. 7.

Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

8.

The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

9.

The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.

巩义市第一高级中学

高三英语导学案

Practice makes perfect

编号：003_____

The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. 比较下面一组句子：

I don’t like the way (that/in which) you talked to your mum. （二）关系副词引导的定语从句

We first broke the law in a way which/that was peaceful. 1、关系副词when在其引导的定语从句中作时间状语，修饰的是表示时间的名词。

．．．．．．．．．．（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意不完整；非限制性定语从句与关系词不太密

This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 切，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. ★关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句中关系代词作宾语时不能省略。

Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 2、关系副词where在其引导的定语从句中作地点状语，修饰的是表示地点的名词。

．．．．．．．．．．Amy, who took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important. (1) 修饰表示具体地点概念的名词：

My cousin, whose body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. The parts of town where they had to live were decided by white people. My grandpa’s pills are in the bedroom, where he always keeps them.

The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. We’ll put off the outing until next month, when the weather is nicer. (2) 修饰表示抽象地点概念的名词: I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on a diet. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. Mandela was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. He got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. Sam missed the show, which she had been looking forward to.. Teaching is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting. （五）应注意的问题：

Life is a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 1、which 与that 的区别：★当先行词指物时只能用that不能用which 的情况：

Later cases will be introduced to readers where consumer’s complaints have resulted in changes in

(1) 先行词为all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词时；

the law.

All that glitters is not gold.

■

思考：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句一定由when来引导吗？先行词是表示地点的名(2) 先行词被all, few, little, any, the very, the only等词修饰时；

词，定语从句一定由where来引导吗？试比较以下两组句子：

There is little that I can do for you.

I returned to the city __________ I visited last year. That’s the only thing that we can do now. I returned to the city __________ I grew up. --- Have you ever been to Rome?

--- No, but that’s the very city that I’d like to visit most.

(3) 先行词被

the first, the second, the last等序数词及形容词的最高级修饰时；

I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together.

This is the best novel that I have ever read. I’ll never forget the days __________ we worked together.

(4) 先行词既有人也有物时；

3、关系副词why在其引导的定语从句中作原因状语，修饰的是表示原因的名词。

My father and his teacher talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

Can you tell me the reason why/for which you want to leave your present employer? (5) 在which引导的特殊疑问句中时。

I didn’t get a pay rise, but that wasn’t the reason why/for which I left.

Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading? （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

2、定语从句的主谓一致：关系代词在从句中做主语时,定语从句中谓语动词的数由先行词决定。

介词+which引导的定语从句修饰指物的名词；介词+whom引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词

1）Anyone who _________ (break) the law will be punished.

The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.

2）Those who ___________ (finish) the work may go home.

The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone.

3）He is the only one of the teachers who __________ (know) French in our school.

For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, of which New York is an example.

4）This is one of the rooms that _______ (be) free now.

Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 3、as引导的定语从句

She is the person from whom you can expect good advice. The earth, as we all know, goes around the sun. I don’t like the way (that/in which) you talked to your mum.

As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet. The way (that/in which) he teaches English is interesting. As we had expected, he changed his mind later.

2

巩义市第一高级中学

高三英语导学案

Practice makes perfect

编号：003_____

As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 3. Sales director is a position _________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. As is reported in the newspaper, this bank is one of the biggest ones in this city. 4. ____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. Just as Professor Scotti often puts it, success is ninety-nine percent attitude and one percent 5. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. talent.. 6. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of _______ the sailing time was 比较下面两个句子：

226 days. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. His plan was such a good one that we all agreed to accept it. 7. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. 4、定语从句与其他句型的区别

8. There was ____ time _________ I hated to go to school. Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series. 9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____________ they can talk Maria has written two novels, and both of them have been made into television series. frequently. It was about 600 years ago that the first clock was made.

If you are travelling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 10. A fast food restaurant is the place _________, just ______ the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.

---Mum, what did your doctor say? 11. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are

--- He advised me to live where the air is fresher.

Doris’ success lies in the fact that she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.

Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

It is known to us all that the 2016 Olympic Games will take place in Rio, Brazil.

What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. still suffering. 12. He was educated at a local grammar school, after ________ he went to Cambridge. 13. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ (介词) which they are being trained.

14. Many people who have seen the film were afraid to go to the forests when they remembered the scenes ______ (介词) which people were eaten by the tiger. 15. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______ sight matters more than hearing. 16. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

17. Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered. 18. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets ______life has developed gradually.

19. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister

she would stay for an hour. 20. By 16:30, _______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. 21. In our class there are 46 students, ___________ half wear glasses. 22. --- Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? --- You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.

23. In China, the number of cities is increasing ________ development is recognized across the world. 3 Step4.Basic practice 基础训练

◆

选择合适的关系词填空。

1. What’s the name of the boy _________ bicycle you borrowed?

2. I don’t know the man to _______ I spoke on the phone just now.

3. He is a person _______ always thinks more of others.

4. Is there anything _______ I can do for you here?

5. The woman ________ Jack was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.

6. The beds ________ we slept in last night weren’t very comfortable.

7. Can you tell me the name of the company _______ you visited last week?

8. I shall never forget the days ________ I lived in the country with my friends.

9. The factory _______ his brother works lies in the south of the city.

10. Yesterday, she sold her car, ________ she bought a month ago. ◆

单句填空。

1. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. 2. Ａlot of language learning,

__

has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

巩义市第一高级中学

高三英语导学案

Practice makes perfect

编号：003_____

9. The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is a dictionary which he often uses it. 24. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _________ we may return in the near future. 10. Miss Jones, his English teacher, is the person helps him a lot. 25. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ has taken more than three 11. Do you remember the day while we first met at the school English corner? years.

12. A warm thought came to me which I might use the pocket money to but some flowers for my 26. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. mother’s birthday. 27. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human 13. --- Where did you get to know her?

--- It was on the farm that we worked. 14. Could it be in the meeting room that you talked with me last night that you left behind keys? society. 28. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 29. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _________ the audience can buy ice-cream. 30. The air quality in the city, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 31. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it somewhat differently. 32. “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ the old saying goes. 33. Happiness and success often come to those _______ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 34. I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 35. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must. 36. The exact year

Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 37. A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

38. I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 39. Please send us all the information ________you have about the candidate for the position. 40. It was the culture, rather than the language, _________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad ◆

单句改错。

1. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house which I would be staying. 2. Finally he reached a lonely island where was completely cut off from the outside world. 3. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, where he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 4. The children, all of them had played the whole day long, were worn out. 5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those who lives were affected. 6. He wrote a letter which he explained what had happened in the accident. 7. Many countries are now setting up national parks whose animals and plants can be protected. 8. The way in that he learns English is interesting.

4 15. All the neighbors admire this family, which the parents are treating their child like a friend. 16. We’ll reach the sales targets in a month when we set at the beginning of the year.

17. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, all of which uses it differently. 18. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from which you received gifts? 19. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whom help I would never have got this far. 20. The school shop, where customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. ]Step5. Challenging practice

迁移延伸

(A) There are several ____1____ (different) between high schools in the USA and high schools in China. For one thing, students _____2____ study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week. The rest of the time ____3____ they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students ____4____ do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams. Students _____5_____ the teachers fail may have to take the classes again. For ____6____ thing, many courses are classes _____7____ the students can study just for fun, but ____8____ they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are required, but the students can still decide the teacher ____9____ class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class of a teacher ____10____ they like or respect.

(B) Rose: Sorry, I can’t go to the cinema with you after school tomorrow. Steve: That’s too bad! Rose: I ____1____ (ask) my mum. I don’t know the reason ____2____ she said I can’t go. Steve: That’s OK. My mum also said no. She told me that school hours are the time ____3____ I can see my friends. ____4____ school, it is important to spend time with the family. Rose: My mum often says things like that too. She always wants me to stay home with her and my dad, or to go to visit my grandparents with her. But the village ____5____ they live is very boring! When we visit them, there is nothing for me to do. Steve: I ____6____ think that my grandparents were very boring too, but I don’t now. In the past, I just watched TV the days ____7____ I visited them. Then I learnt that my grandpa was a good artist when he was young. These days my grandpa often gives me painting lessons. That is the reason ____8____ I like to visit them now.

巩义市第一高级中学

高三英语导学案

Practice makes perfect

编号：003_____

Rose: Wow, that’s really interesting! Steve: Yes. They say that home is the place ____9____ our hearts should be, and I guess that’s true …

I still wish we could go to the cinema tomorrow ____10____!

Rose: Me too. Oh, it’s dinner time. I have to go. Steve: Bye! See you at school tomorrow.

Rose: Bye!

(C)

Below is message and some replies that were posted on a health website. Complete them with who, whose, which, where or when. Hi there I have a good friend, ____1____ is really thin. Yet he wants to become a great athlete. Every week he goes to the gym, ____2____ he exercises and lifts weights. But the fact is that it does not work, ____3____ makes him unhappy. Now he is considering taking some pills, ____4____ he thinks will help him become stronger. Does anyone know if it’s safe to take these pills? Chris Hi Chris I think going to a gym is a good way to keep healthy and strong. If your friend wants to be stronger, he should try to go there more often. Yes, there are some pills to make you look strong. However, they have side effects, ____5____ will damage your health. After your friend taking this kind of pill for some time, his hair might fall out or he might have health problems, some of ____6____ may even affect his liver or heart. Some athletes, ____7____ achievements were great, died very young because they took this kind of pill. I don’t think your friend should take the risk. Tell your friend not to take the pills because he may have health problems in the future, ____8____ it is too late. Jeff

Hello Chris I just read your post and would like to tell you about my brother, ____9___ had the same problem as your friend. You didn’t mention how old your friend is, but when my brother was about eighteen years old, he was quite thin. At that time, there were some new pills in the shops, so he tried them. However, they didn’t make my brother’s hair fall out. By the way, do you know which pills your friend is thinking of taking? Whose idea was it to take them? Be careful where you get them from, because the pills that my brother took made his hair turn grey. My brother, ____10____ is now twenty-four, is still thin, but at least he’s healthy.

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