Learning about Language课件配套优秀教案案例

Book3 Unit 5 Canada—“The True North” (Warming up) Date:2013.4.6 Written by: Jiang Shugui

Checked by: Han Shuting and all the members of English Group Ⅰ.词汇过关

1．________n. 测验；问答比赛2．________n. 加拿大→________n. 加拿大人→________adj. 加拿大人的；加拿大的3．________n. 大臣；部长

答案：1.quiz

2.Canada; canadian; canadian

3.minister Ⅱ.短语自查

1．know about____________________2．首相；丞相____________________ 答案：1.知道；了解

2.prime minister Ⅲ.句式翻译

It is the second largest country in the world._______________________________________ 答案：它(加拿大)是世界上第二大国家。

Ⅰ.单词突破

1．multicultural adj.

多元文化的，多种文化融合的

①The U．S.A. is also a multicultural country.

美国也是一个多元文化的国家。

②A multicultural society is an ideal place for the growth of children. 一个多元文化的社会是孩子们成长的理想地方。

【巧学助记】

multiculture是美国人把multiple(多种多样的)和culture(文化)压缩到一起，造出的一个很流行的单词。多元文化有两个含义：差异和宽容。移民到美国、加拿大等国家的人，既感受到由文化差异带来的痛苦和迷惑，也看到不同文化在共存时宽容精神的重要性。

【知识拓展】

前缀multi表示“多，多种，多个”之意。如：

multiindustry adj. 多种经营的multiuser n. [计]多用户

multipurpose adj. 多用途的，多功能的multiparty adj. 多党派的

猜测词义

(1)multifactor

adj.__________________(2)multiform adj. ____________________ (3)multicolor n. ___________________(4)multifamily adj. ____________________ (5)multimedia adj. ____________________ 答案：

(1)多种因素(或成分、原因等)的

(2)多种形式的，多样的

(3)多色

(4)多户家庭的

(5)多媒体的

2．Compare

a)v.

1)～A and B|～A with B 比较；对比

①It's interesting to compare their situation and ours.把他们的状况和我们的相比很有意思。

②If you compare the twin sisters, you will find the elder is more intelligent while the younger is more beautiful. 如果你比较一下这对双胞胎姐妹你就会发现，姐姐更聪明些而妹妹则更漂亮些。

③There is nothing to compare with a nice cold drink when you get home after work. 下班回家后，没有什么能比得上喝一杯可口的冷饮更惬意的了。

2)～A to B 将……比作……

Teachers like to compare their students to their own children

.1 教师们喜欢把他们的学生比作自己的孩子。

3)～d with/to sb/sth 与……比起来(或相比) Compared to our small apartment, our uncle's house seemed like a palace. 跟我们的小公寓比起来，叔叔的房子就像宫殿。

b) n. 比较

beyond/without compare 举世无双；无与伦比

Michael's new house is like a huge palace, ________with his old one. A．comparing

B．compares

C．to compare

D．compared 答案：D

考查非谓语动词与固定搭配。表达“与……相比”，应用compared to/with。

Ⅱ.句式点击

It is the second largest country in the world.

它是世界上第二大国。

the second largest是形容词large的最高级形式，在句中作定语，形容词的最高级的常见表达有：

1)表示“最……之一”的句式：one of the＋最高级/among the＋最高级

①China is one of the oldest countries in the world.

中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。

②Paris is among the greatest cities in the world.

巴黎是世界上最伟大的城市之一。

2)最高级前可有状语或定语

①The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。

②Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.

亚洲是目前世界上最大的洲。

3)当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时不加定冠词the。

The year of 2008 is China's saddest year because an violent earthquake hit Sichuan, in which tens of thousands of people lost their lives. 2008年是中国最悲伤的一年，因为(这一年)四川受到了严重的地震灾难，在这次地震中有数万人丧失了生命。

Book3Unit5

Important words and expressions (I) Written by: Jiang Shugui

Checked by: Han Shuting and all the members of English Group Ⅰ.词汇过关

1．________n. 洲；大陆2．________n. 行李→________(同义词)3．________vi. 聊天→________n.4．________n. 景色；风景5．________vt.& vi. 包围；围绕

6．________vi.& vt. 测量；衡量→______n. 措施；计量制

7．________prep.& adv. 在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上

8．________prep. 在……之内→________(反义词)9．________n. 边界；国界→________vt.& vi. 与……接壤10．________adj. 轻微的；微小的→________adv. 11．________adj. 城市的，市镇的

12．________adv. & adj. 向东(的)→________向西(的)→________向北(的)→________向南(的)→________向上(的)→________向下(的) 答案：1.continent

2.baggage; luggage

3.chat; chat

4.scenery

5.surround

6.measure; measure

7.aboard

8.within; beyond

9.border; border

10.slight; slightly

11.urban

12.eastward；westward; northward; southward; upward; downward Ⅱ.短语自查

1．on a trip____________2．all the way________________

3．与其；不愿____________________4．定居；平静下来；专心于____________________ 5．设法做____________________6．看见；瞥见____________________ 7．对……有天赋____________________ 答案：1.在途中；在旅行中

2.一直；自始至终

3.rather than

4.settle down

5.manage to do

6.catch sight of

7.have a gift for Ⅲ.句式翻译

1．Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.

____________________________________ 答案：她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车从西向东横穿加拿大到达东海岸。

2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：那里的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，有些高达90多米。

3．Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：有些人认为在不到5天的时间里就能穿越加拿大。但是他们忘记了这样一个事实：加拿大从东海岸到西海岸共有5500公里。

Ⅰ.单词突破

1．baggage＝luggage n. 行李

①Passengers checked their baggage before boarding the plane.

旅客上飞机前托运了行李。

②How many articles of baggage do you have?

你有几件行李？

注意：baggage和luggage都是不可数名词。

When you travel, you'd better take________as possible with you. A．as few baggage

B．as little baggages

C．as little baggage

D．as few baggages 答案：C

baggage是不可数名词，无复数形式，当然也不用few修饰。

2．chat a)n. 闲谈，聊天

1)Drop in for a chat if you leave an hour to spare this evening. 如果今晚能抽出一小时的话，到我家里来聊天吧。

2)have a chat with sb about sth 与某人谈论某事

We had a chat about the old days. 我们聊了过去的时光。

b)v. 闲谈，聊天

They chatted away like old friends.

他们像老朋友似的聊天。

【知识拓展】

(1)chat about 谈论

We sat in the cafe for hours chatting about our experiences. 我们在咖啡馆坐了几个小时，大谈各自的经历。

(2)chat with/to和……谈论

Helen chatted with most of the guests at the party.

海伦在晚会上和大多数客人都攀谈了。

(3)chat sb up 与……搭讪，与……调情

We found Doug in the bar trying to chat up a waitress. 我们看见道格在酒吧里想要和女招待搭讪。

翻译句子

My kids spend hours chatting on the Internet to their friends. ________________________________ 答案：我的几个孩子在网上和朋友一聊就是几个小时。

3．eastward 1)用作副词，在英式英语中，词尾可加s，即：可写成eastwards，意为“向东，朝东”。如：The ship continued sailing eastward(s)．

船继续向东航行。

2)用作形容词，无论是美式英语还是英式英语都不带s，意为“向东的，朝东的”。如：

in an eastward direction 向东

【巧学助记】

(1)ward(s)基本含义为“向……方向(的)”，构成副词，词后可带s，也可不带s。如：

westward(s)向西方地

northward(s)向北方地

forward(s)向前地

inward(s)向内地

upward(s)向上地

downward(s)向下地

(2)构成形容词，词后不带s。如：

backward向后的

forward向前方的homeward向家的

outward外部的，

upward向上的

Shenzhou Ⅶ，________country's third manned spaceship, was launched successfully on September 25,2008 in________northwestern Gansu Province, China. A．a; /

B．the; the

C．the; /

D．a; the 答案：C

考查冠词。第一空序数词前加定冠词表特指；第二空northwestern是形容词，所以第二空实际上是in________Gansu Province，所以不加冠词。再如：His father ran a farm in Northwestern United States. 他父亲在美国西北部经营一个农场。

4．surround (v.) 1)～sth/sb(with sth)环绕；

围绕The lake is surrounded with/by trees.湖边树木环绕。

2)～sth/sb (with sb/sth) (使)包围；围住

They've surrounded the building with police.他们派警察包围了那栋房子。

3)与……紧密相关；围绕

As a child, I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年时我倍受关爱。

4)～oneself with sb/sth 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西) I like to surround myself with beautiful things.我喜欢身边总有漂亮的东西。

【知识拓展】

1)surrounding(adj.)周围的；附近的

The hurricane hit California and the surrounding area.飓风袭击了加利福尼亚及其周围地区。

2)surroundings(n.)环境；周围的事物

The house is in beautiful surroundings.这座房屋四周的环境优美。

完成句子(1)The trees________(环绕)the house. (2)The soldiers________(包围)the enemy.

(3)He lives in the________(附近的)area. (4)The________(环境)a child grows up in may have an effect on his development. 答案：(1)surround

(2)surrounded

(3)surrounding

(4)surroundings 5．Measure

a)v. 1)～sb/sth(for sth)测量；度量2)判定；估量3)(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为(无被动语态和进行时态)

He's gone to be measured for a new suit.

他去量尺寸做新衣服去了。

It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage. 在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。

The pond measures about 2 metres across. 这个池塘宽约2米。

b)n. 1)[C]～(to do sth) 措施；方法2)[sing.]尺度；标准；程度3)[C，U]计量单位；计量标准

We must take measures to stop pollution. 我们必须采取措施来制止污染。

Sending flowers is a measure of how much you care. 送花就说明你是多么关心。

【知识拓展】

take measures 采取措施(＝take action)

make sth to sb's measure照某人的尺寸做某物

(1)It was difficult to see what________could be taken. A．action

B．steps

C．measures

D．all above 答案：D

句意：很难看出可采取什么措施。A、B和C项都正确。

(2)That river________250 kilometres long and 60 metres wide. A．measures

B．is measured

C．calculates

D．is calculated 答案：A

在此句中measure用作不及物动词，意为“有多长或多宽”。句意：那条河长250千米，宽60米。calculate一般用作及物动词，后接宾语，意为“推算，计算”。

6．aboard adv. & prep. 在船(或飞机、车)上；上船；登机

①All passengers aboard fell into the river.

船上所有的乘客皆落入河中。

②They were the last two to go aboard the ship.

他们是最后两位上船的。

③It's time to go aboard.

登机的时间到了。

【知识拓展】

1)on board 在船/火车/飞机上

Have the passengers gone on board yet? 乘客们登机了吗？

2)All aboard! 请大家上船(飞机、车等)!

3)go aboard 上船(飞机等) The hostess said with a smile to the passengers in the cabin，“Welcome________flight BA 345 to Tokyo.”A．aboard

B．on board

C．transport

D．attend 答案：A

句意：空姐面带微笑对机舱的旅客说：“欢迎各位乘坐飞往东京的BA345次航班。”aboard在此句中表示“登机”；on board表示状态，意为“在飞机上”；transport“交通”；attend“参加”。

7．Within

1)prep. 在……之内；不超过；在……范围以内

①I will be back within an hour. 我将在一小时之内回来。

②We live within 3 miles of each other. 我们两家相距不到三英里。

③There are 400 prisoners within the prison walls. 监狱围墙内有四百名犯人。

2)n. 内部The door opens from within.

这门从里向外开。

【知识拓展】

within doors 在屋内

within oneself 在心里

within five days 五天之内

live within one's income 量入为出

remain within reach(call, hearing, sight)留在附近(叫得应、听得见、看得到的地方) 【词语辨析】in, within (1)表达时间，in和within的区别在于：前者是指期限之外，而后者则是指期限之内；而

且within短语总是用于一般将来时态，而in无此限制(注：美式英语往往使用inside of来代替后者)。比较：

①Mrs Gray will return in a week's time.

格雷太太将在一星期以后回来。

②Mrs Gray will return within a week's time. 格雷太太将在一星期之内回来。

(2)引导抽象名词，两者都可使用，只是含义有所不同。

①in one's power 在某人的能力以内

②in one's grasp 在某人的掌握中

③within one's power 在某人的权限内

④within one's grasp 某人的力量达得到

比较：①It is in my power. 这我可以办到。(说明能力) ②It is within my power.这我可以办到。(说明职权)

(1)—We're afraid we can't finish the task________a month. —It doesn't matter. I'll give you another ten days.A．at

B．among

C．after

D．within 答案：D

句意：“恐怕我们在这个月内不能完成任务。”“没有关系，我会再给你们十天。”此句中强调“在一个月内”，所以用within。

(2) Medicine should be placed________children's reach to make sure of safety. A．with

B．within

C．out

D．beyond 答案：D

考查介词。句意：为了安全，药品应当放在孩子们够不着的地方。beyond one's reach“够不着”；within one's reach“够得着”。

8．Border

a) n. 1)边境；国界；边疆；边疆地区

①You must show your passport at the border. 在边境上你必须出示你的护照。

②It is difficult to define the border between love and friendship. (喻)爱情和友情之间的界限难以划清。

b) v.

1)和……毗邻；与……接壤2)沿……的边；环绕……；给……镶边

France borders Spain. 法国与西班牙接壤。

The large garden is bordered by a stream.

大花园紧邻着一条小溪。

Ⅲ.短语精讲

1．all the way|the whole way1)一路上；自始至终

2)完全地；无保留地

She didn't speak a word to me all the way back home.回家的一路上她没有对我说过一句话。

You can feel that the audience are with her all the way.你可以感觉到观众一直在支持她。

【知识拓展】

1)across the way| over the way 在街对面；在……对面

Music blared from the open window of the house across the way. 从街对面那栋房子开着的窗户里传出嘈杂的音乐声。

2)all the time|the whole time①(在某段时间里)一直；始终②经常；总是；老是

I've kept on thinking about that all the time.我一直惦记着这件事。

I have a dog and a cat, but they fight all the time. 我养了一只猫和一只狗，但它们老是打架。

3)all the while 一直；始终

She was playing with her handkerchief all the while during the speech. 她在演讲时一直都在玩弄手帕。

There was something wrong with our car, so we had to go________on foot to the village. A．all the places

B．at all times

C．all the way

D．all the roads 答案：C

句意：我们的汽车出了点毛病，所以我们只好一路走着去那个村庄。all the way

“一路上，一直”。

2．settle down

1)舒适地坐下(或躺下) He settled down in his armchair to read a new novel.他安坐在扶手椅里读一本新小说。

2)(在某地)定居下来；过安定的生活

When are you going to get married and settle down?

你打算什么时候成家，安居下来？

3)settle down|settle sb down (使某人)安静下来，平静下来

The chairman tried to settle the audience down.

会议主席试图让听众安静下来。

4)settle (down) to sth 开始认真对待；定下心来做

He find it hard to settle down to his work.

他觉得定下心来工作很难。

完成句子

(1)She________(使坐下)herself down in a chair with a book and a cup of tea. (2)I hate all this travel; I want to get married and____________________(定居下来)．

(3)I'm sure the child will soon________(安定下来)in his new school. (4)I must________(定下心来)this morning and do the cleaning. 答案：

(1)settled/seated

(2)settle down

(3)settle down

(4)settle down 3．manage to do sth 设法做成了某事，相当于succeed in doing sth I finally managed to push the huge animal away.我最后终于把这个庞大的动物推走了。

【词语辨析】

try to do, manage to do (1)try to do sth 表示“努力做某事”，但结果成功与否则不可知。

You should try to eat more fruit.

你应该尽量多吃些水果。

(2)manage to do sth 表示“设法做某事”，含有达到目的之意。

We managed to get to the airport in time.

我们设法及时赶到了机场。

选词填空

(1)He________to get the work done without help.

(2)He________to get to the cinema in 20 minutes, but he failed.

(3)The man________to stand up, but he fell again. 答案：(1)managed

(2)tried

(3)tried

4．catch sight of 看见，瞥见……

①Don't let me catch sight of you doing it again!别让我再看到你干这种事了！

②I caught sight of her hurrying away, so I didn't speak to her.我看见她匆忙走开，所以我没有跟她讲话。

【知识拓展】

sight构成的短语：at first sight 乍一看；初次看见时at the sight of 看见……时

in sight 看得见out of sight 看不见lose one's sight 失明

lose sight of 不再看见……；失去某人的音讯；忘记；忽略

(1)At first________it looked like a simple accident, but later the police became suspicious. A．sight

B．look

C．view

D．glimpse 答案：A

句意：乍一看，这像是一起简单的事故，但是后来警察开始怀疑了。at first sight常作时间状语。

(2)Catching________sight of policemen coming, the thief swiftly went out of________sight. A．the; the

B．/; /

C．the; /

D．/; the 答案：B

catch sight of和out of sight都是固定短语，其中的sight前不加冠词。

5．have a gift for 对……有天赋

①Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. 他们中许多人都有驾驭野马的天分，他们能赢得数千美元的奖金。

②He has a gift for making excuses for being late. 他有为迟到找借口的天赋。

【知识拓展】

have a talent for... 有……的天赋

My sister has a talent for maths.我妹妹有数学天赋。

Mother has______gift for making guests feel at________home. A．a; the

B．the; /

C．a; /

D．the; the 答案：C

have a gift for和feel at home都是固定短语。

Ⅲ.句式点击

Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. 她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定飞到温哥华，再乘火车从西向东横穿加拿大。

【知识剖析】

rather than take...用了rather than do...这一结构，表示“而不做……”；to fly与to take是decided的并列宾语，用动词不定式表示。

rather than (1)rather than与would连用时，构成would rather...than...句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。如：

She'd rather die than lose the children.

她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

(2)rather than不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句或不定式。如：

①You rather than I are going camping.

是你而不是我要去野营。

注意：rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

②The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. (形容词) 与其说她买的这件毛衣便宜不如说它漂亮。

③We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the hall. (介词短语) 我们将在教室里开会，而不是在大厅里。

④She enjoys singing rather than dancing. (动名词) 她喜欢唱歌，不喜欢跳舞。

⑤We should help him rather than he should help us. (分句) 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

⑥I decided to write rather than(to)telephone. (不定式)

我决定写信而不打电话。

注意：rather than后接不定式时，不定式可带to，也可不带to，如例句⑥。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式，课文中句子就是rather than take。

【知识拓展】

(1)more than超过；不仅仅是

He is more than our teacher. He is also our friend. 他不仅仅是我们的老师。他还是我们的朋友。

(2)more...than...相当于rather than，意为“与其……，倒不如……，是……而不是……”。

如：He was more frightened than hurt. 与其说他受伤了，倒不如说他受惊吓了。

(3)no more...than.../not any more...than...表示“前者和后者一样都不……”，其作用相当于“neither...nor...”。如：Jack is no more diligent than John.

杰克和约翰谁都不勤奋。

(4)not more...than...“前者不比后者更……”，相当于not so...as...。如：

She is not more beautiful than Mary.

她不如玛丽漂亮。

(5)other than“除了……之外”，相当于except；不同于。

①He has no books other than the Bible.

除了《圣经》以外，他没有别的书。

②He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan. 除了日本以外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。

【巧学助记】

高考对于rather than的考查主要集中在两点上：

(1)“代词/名词＋rather than＋代词/名词”后面的谓语动词在数上与rather than前面的主语一致。这是一个与主谓一致相联系的综合考点。

(2)与more than, other than以及由than构成的习语的区别。这类试题最常见。解答时，同学们要分析句意，分清填空处是表示“增补”关系(用more than)；“条件”关系(用other than)还是“选择”关系(用rather than)。

另外，rather than的一个新的命题方向是考查它连接两个谓语动词、两个过去分词或两个从句的用法。

(1)On the contrary, I think it is Truman，________you, ________to blame. A．more than; are

B．less than; who are

C．rather than; that is

D．rather than; is 答案：C

句意：相反，我认为是Truman而不是你该受到责备。题干包含一个强调句式，强调的是宾语从句的主语，所以谓语动词要与Truman一致。此句表示选择关系，所以要用rather than。

(2)Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings________harm them.A．more than

B．rather than C．other than

D．better than 答案：B

句意：大多数人都会同意，原子科学的发展应当是为了造福于人类而不是危害人类。more than表示“不仅仅”；rather than“而不是”；other than“除……之外”；better than“比……更好”。

(3)—I am going to visit the Shanghai EXPO this summer. Will you come with me? —Thanks. I'm afraid lots of people are planning for that. I prefer to stay at home rather than________there. A．go

B．went

C．to go

D．going

答案：A

考查句式prefer to do rather than do“宁愿……而不……”。答语句意：谢谢，恐怕很多人都会打算去看世博会。我宁愿呆在家里而不愿去看世博会。

Learning about Language Written by: Jiang Shugui

Checked by: Han Shuting and all the members of English Group Ⅰ.词汇过关

1．________n. 英亩→________n. 英尺→________n. 米→________n. 英寸

2．________n. 边界；国界→________vt.& vi. 与……接壤；接近3．________n. 海港

4．________n. 计量单位5．________adj. 城市的6．________prep. 在……之内

7in charge of________________答案：1.acre; foot; metre; inch

2.border; border

3.harbour

4.measure

5.urban

6.within 掌管；负责

Ⅲ.语法练习

采用适当的连接词填空

1．It worried her a bit________her hair was turning gray. 2．I have no idea______we can do with these waste materials. 3．________the doctor really doubts is________my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 4．It is hoped________nature will never be destroyed. 5．________do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. —Is that________you had a few days off? 7．Word came________I was wanted at the office. 8．Do you know________of them will be our new headmaster? 答案：1.that

2.what

3.What, whether

4.that

5.Who

6．why

7.that

8.which Ⅰ.单词突破

cover vt. & n. 1)vt.

(1)(记者)采访……；报道

I want our best reporters sent to cover the political trials. 我要派遣我们最优秀的记者去采访该政治宣判。

(2)(用东西)覆盖……；遮盖

She covered her face with her hands for being shy.

因为害羞，她用手掩面。

(3)占用，延续(一段时间或空间) The town covers 5 square miles.

此镇占地5平方英里。

(4)包括，包含

His report covered all aspects of the problem.他的报告涵盖了这个问题的所有方面。

(5)(无被动语态)旅行；走(多远) She covered 1,000 meters in less than 4 minutes. 她在4分钟内跑完了1000米。

(6)负担；支付

He worked in two companies in order to earn enough money to cover the expenses of family. 他在两家公司工作，以赚取足够的钱去支付家庭花销。

(7)谈到；涉及(相当于deal with, include) The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.

这次讨论涉及内容广泛。

2)n. [C]覆盖物；(书等的)封面，封底

I always keep a cover over my motorbike.

我的摩托车都会罩上车罩。

派生词：

uncover vt. 揭开覆盖物，使……露出；把(秘密等)公开，揭露

He uncovered the truth. 他揭露了事实真相。

拓展

be covered with被……覆盖

Our apple tree is covered with fruit.我们的苹果树硕果累累。

—Do you have enough to________all your daily expenses? —Oh yes, enough and to spare.

A．cover

B．spend

C．fill

D．offer

答案：A

本题考查词义辨析。cover此处为动词，意为(钱)足够支付。

Ⅱ.语法专区

名词性从句(三)

同位语从句

在主从复合句中担任同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释；能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有：announcement，belief, discovery，doubt, excuse, fact，fear，hope，idea, knowledge，news, order, promise, problem, proof, proposal, possibility, question, reply, remark, reason, report，rumour，story, suggestion, thought, truth 等。引导同位语从句的连词最常用的是that，除此之外还有how，when，where，why，whether等。例如：

①I had no idea that you were here.

我不知道你在这儿。

②The news that our team won the basketball match excited us all. 我们取得篮球比赛胜利的消息，令我们大家非常激动。

③The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused immediate opposition. 说要在附近建造新机场的通告马上引起了反对。

④The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议，引起了激烈的争论。

⑤A report that the area was dangerous was ignored by the residents. 居民对这一地区有危险的报告不予理睬。

【知识拓展】

(1)为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面。

Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.

突然我有一种顾虑：他可能会瞎。

(2)表达“是否”概念时，用whether不用if。

①I have no idea whether you are interested in working for me. 我不知道你是否有兴趣为我工作。

②I have(my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最好人选。

(3)同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

1)定语从句和同位语从句都由名词加从句构成。但是定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限定的作用。而同位语从句相当于一个名词，是对其前面名词的内容的具体表述，二者是同位关系。例如：

①The news that our team won the game is true. 我们球队获胜的消息是真实的。(同位语从句) ②The news that you've heard isn't true.

你听说的消息不是真实的。

(定语从句) 2)引导同位语从句的连词that在从句中不担任任何成分；而引导定语从句的关系代词that在从句中可以作主语、宾语等。

①They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms. 他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。(同位语从句) ②The factory that we visited yesterday is a chemical one. 我们昨天参观的那家工厂是家化工厂。(定语从句) (4)在表示建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的同位语从句(以及表语从句)的谓语动词必须采用虚拟语气结构，其形式为：(should)＋v. ①He gave orders that the work (should) be started immediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。

②Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.

她建议我们放弃这个计划。

【牛刀小试】

(1) We should consider the students' request________the school library provide more books on popular science.

A．that B．when

C．which

D．where 答案：A

考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句，说明request的内容。句意：我们应考虑学生的要求，即学校图书馆应更多地给学生提供关于大众科学方面的书。

(2) News came from the school office________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A．which

B．what

C．that

D．where 答案：C

考查同位语从句。同位语从句多用that引导。News came that...“……的消息传来了”，这也可记住，当作一个句型。该句意为“从学校办公室传来了王林被北大录取的消息”。

(3) The fact has worried many scientists

________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. though 答案：C

考查了同位语从句的用法。从句中不缺任何成分，故用that来引导。句意为“这些年来，地球变得越来越暖和，这个事实已让许多科学家担心”。

(4)—Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem.

A．when

B．that

C．whether

D．what 答案：B

考查同位语从句。从句不缺成分，故用that引导。

(5)(2008·陕西－8)Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea________the party is to be held?

A．what

B．which

C．that

D．where 答案：D

本题考查了同位语从句的用法。句意为“明天是汤姆的生日，你想好了宴会在哪里举行吗？”where引导的整个句子对idea进行补充说明，同时where在从句中作地点状语。

(6)It was the fact________his father was ill in hospital________worried him and kept him awake for a whole night.

A．which; that

B．which; which C．that; which

D．that; that 答案：D

句意：正是他父亲得病住院之事使他担心且彻夜难眠。第一个空要用that引导同位语从句，说明fact的内容；第二个空是强调句型“It was...that...”中的that。

(7)In front of the whole class, he made his promise________he would win the prize. A．that

B．which

C．what

D．whether 答案：A

句意：当着全班(同学)的面，他许下诺言要赢得那个奖项。that引导同位语从句，说明promise的内容。

(8)The professor left word with the secretary________he would be present at the meeting on time.

A．who

B．that

C．this

D．it 答案：B

句意：教授给秘书留下口信，他要按时出席会议。he would be present at the meeting on time是同位语从句，对word的内容进行解释，所以要用that引导。

(9)We have received an order that we________the lab for a couple of days. A．mustn't use

B．not use

C．cannot use

D．may not use 答案：B

that从句是order的同位语从句，用虚拟语气形式，not use是shouldn't use的省略形式。

(10)Dad is used to smoking and drinking. There's no chance______I'm able to talk him into________.

A．whether; giving it up

B．of whether; giving them up C．that; getting rid of them

D．which; stopping it

答案：C

考查名词性从句。句中的chance为一抽象名词，作“可能性”解，其后的从句成分完整且是对“chance”的补充说明，故为同位语从句，句意：爸爸习惯于抽烟喝酒，我不可能说服他戒掉。

Using

Language

Written by: Jiang Shugui

Checked by: Han Shuting and all the members of English Group Ⅰ.词汇过关

1．________vt. & vi. 混合；调配→________n.2．________vt. 证实；证明；批准

3．________adj. 富有的→________n.4．________n. 距离；远方→________adj. 5．________adv. 接近；大约6．________adj. 宽阔的；广泛的

7．________n. 传统；风俗→________adj. 8．________vt. 使铭记；使印象深刻→________adj.→________n. 印象

答案：1.mix; mixture

2.confirm

3.wealthy; wealth

4.distance; distant

5.approximately

6.broad

7.tradition; traditional

8.impress; impressive; impression Ⅱ.短语自查

1．take turns____________________2．make notes____________________ 3．leave for____________________4．as far as____________________ 5．在远处____________________6．at dawn____________________ 7．over dinner____________________ 答案：1.轮流；轮番

2.记下

3.前往

4.远至

5.in the distance

6.在拂晓

7.在吃饭期间

Ⅰ.单词突破

1．mix(v.) 1)使混合；使结合2)调配3)交往(尤指与不熟的人) I don't like to mix business with pleasure.我不喜欢将社交活动和做生意混在一块。

With this range of paints, you can mix your own colors. 用这一组油彩可以调配出你自己的颜色。

They don't mix much with the neighbours.他们不怎么与邻居交往。

【知识拓展】

mixture n. 混合；混合物；结合体mixup n. 混乱mixed adj. 混合的mixedup adj. 糊涂的

She also said she had________feelings about returning to land after so long at sea. A．mixed

B．sad

C．cheerful

D．horrible 答案：A

句意：她还说，在海上那么长时间之后，对重返陆地有一种复杂的心情。此句要用mixed表示“混合的，复杂的”。

2．confirm(v.) 1)证实；证明；确认

Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women. 研究已经证实，这种风险在女性中的比例更高。

Can you confirm what happened?

你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？

2)～sth|～sb(in sth)使确信；使感觉更强烈

The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。

3)批准(职位、协议等)；确认；认可

He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。

(1)Mr. Jones has________himself to be one of the foremost doctors treating cancer patients. A．checked

B．proved

C．made

D．confirmed 答案：B

prove是“用事实证明”；confirm是指“权威性地确认”。

(2) Spokesman has________that there is no Chinese crew on the ship hijacked by Somali pirates.

A．confirmed

B．proved

C．confused

D．refused 答案：A

考查动词。句意：发言人证实被索马里海盗劫持的船上没有中国船员。confirm“证明，证实，确认”；prove“证明，证明是”；confuse“使迷惑不解”；refuse“拒绝”。

3．wealthy(adj.)富有的；

有钱的；财产多的

①He was born in a wealthy family.

他出生在一个富裕的家庭。

②This area is wealthy in fruits and flowers.

这个地区盛产水果和鲜花。

【知识拓展】

wealth n. [U]财富，钱财The country's wealth comes from its oil. 这个国家的财富来自石油。

【词语辨析】

wealthy，rich, well off 这些词均有“富的，富裕的”之意。

1)wealthy普通用词，语气不如rich强烈，多指经济上富裕、社会地位稳固，很有身份，即有钱有势。wealthy也可以指物质上、精神上的其它物质。

Wealthy men are not always happy.

有钱人未必总是幸福的。

2)rich普通用词，语气强烈，指拥有大量金钱及财产。rich 也可以指物质上，精神上的其它物质。Nobody gets rich from writing nowadays.

如今没有人靠写作致富。

3)well off “有钱；

富裕；情况良好”，通常指小康的富足。例如：

They are well off for money.

他们很有钱。

采用wealthy，rich或well off填空：

(1)He succeeded in career and was very________but he is not________in spirit. (2)Her promotion means she is $100________.

(3)Oranges are________in vitamin C. 答案：(1)wealthy; rich

(2)better off

(3)rich 4．distance

(n.)

1)[C&U]距离；间隔2)[U](空间的)遥远；(时间的)久远，间隔3)[sing.]远方，

远处4)[U&C]冷淡；疏远

Distance is no problem on the Internet.

在互联网上距离已不成为问题。

You'll never get the ball in from that distance.

你绝不可能从那么远的地方把球投进去。

There has been (a) great distance between the two close friends since their quarrel. (喻)两个亲密的朋友自从争吵以后，就开始疏远了。

【知识拓展】

1)in/into the distance 在远处；在远方

I could see the bus coming in the distance.

我看见公共汽车从远处开来了。

2)at/from a distance 离一段距离；

从远处；遥远的；

久远的

①A shark can smell blood at a distance of half a kilometer. 鲨鱼能在半公里外闻到血腥味。

②From a distance we could see him smiling and waving his hand.

我们从远处可以看到他微笑着招手。

3)keep sb at a distance 对……冷淡；同……疏远；与……保持一定的距离

She always keeps me at a distance.

她总是对我疏远。

4)keep one's distance(from sb/sth)

(1)(与……)保持距离

I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you!

我要是你，

就离那条狗远一点！

(2)疏远；避免(与……)亲近；避免介入

He was asked many times to join the party but he always kept his distance. 人家好几次要他参加那个政党，但他的反应总是很冷淡。

The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a________of 60 miles.

A．length

B．distance

C．way

D．space 答案：B

句意：总统山上的四位著名的美国总统的头部巨像在距离60英里的地方就可看得见。a distance of 60 miles 表示“60英里的距离”。(注释：美国总统巨石像“Mt.Rushmore”举世闻名。鬼斧神工的雕刻技巧，使美国国父华盛顿、独立宣言起草人杰费逊、和平使者西奥多·罗斯福、黑人之父林肯在雄伟的山岗上留下了永垂不朽的杰作。) 5．broad (adj.) 1)宽阔的；广阔的

Nothing but water can be seen on the broad ocean. 在广阔无边的海洋上能见到的只是水。

2)……宽(用于表示距离的度量之后) The garden is thirty feet broad/wide.

这个花园三十英尺宽。

3)广泛的；涉及各种各样的人(或事物)的

She has a broad knowledge of computers.

她对计算机有广博的知识。

词语辨析

broad, wide

这两个形容词均含“宽阔的”之意。

1)broad侧重幅面的宽广，侧重表面上的广阔宏大，

也可指向四方伸展开去；指人时多形容背、肩、胸。在较正式的文体中，也可用来描写河流、街道、田野，峡谷等和地形有关的东西。

The broad steps in front of the building made it look very dignified. 宽阔的台阶使大厦的正面显得有气派。

2)wide常用词，指两边或两点之间的距离，

侧重两端之间距离的宽大或远近。指人时多形容眼睛、口等。

The river is too wide to swim across.

河太宽，游不过去。

用broad, wide填空

(1)He has________shoulders.

(2)What fun it is to play on the________fields! (3)This skirt is too________.

(4)She stared at him with________eyes. 答案：(1)broad

(2)broad

(3)wide

(4)wide

6．nearby 1)adj. 附近的。作前置或后置定语。如：

①The cinema nearby can seat 1,000 people.

附近那家电影院可容纳一千人。

②She is staying at a nearby hotel.

她一直住在附近一家旅馆里。

2)adv. 在附近。如：

He gave his seat on the bus to an old woman standing nearby.

在公共汽车上他把座位让给了站在旁边的一个老太太。

【知识拓展】

nearly adv. 几乎。如：

The sea covers nearly threefourths of the earth's surface.

海洋几乎占地球表面的四分之三。

采用nearby，near或nearly适当形式填空。

(1)The car is parked________.

(2)I've worked here for________ten years. (3)Go and sit________the fire.

(4)It's not________as hot as last year. 答案：(1)nearby

(2)nearly

(3)near

(4)nearly 7．pleased adj. 欣喜的，高兴的，愉快的

①I'm quite pleased to have you here.

有你在这儿我太高兴了。

②She is pleased to have won the competition.

她很高兴赢得了这次比赛。

【词语辨析】

pleasant，pleased，pleasing (1)pleasant表示“可喜的，愉快的，合意的；友好的”，强调所形容的人或物有给予愉快的性质。如：

The view out of the window is very pleasant.

窗外的风景很美。

(2)pleased表示“喜悦的，愉快的；满意的”，只能用来修饰人，后接about/with/to do。如：

The mother was pleased with her son's progress.

妈妈对儿子的进步很满意。

(3)pleasing表示“令人喜欢的，合意的”。如：

This is not pleasing to my taste.

这不合我的胃口。

注意：pleasant修饰的主体往往是景色、旅途、气氛、声音等；而pleasing多用来修饰一般的事或物。

We spent a very________evening.

A．pleased

B．pleasant C．pleasing D．pleasure 答案：B

句意：我们度过了一个愉快的夜晚。pleased表示“感到满意”；pleasant意为“令人愉快的，适宜的”；常修饰天气、气氛、旅途等等；pleasing意为“令人愉快的”，常修饰具体的物；pleasure是名词，意为“快乐/高兴/愉快的事”。

8．impress(vt.) 使(人)印象深刻，使铭记；盖印

①We were deeply impressed by his words.

他的话给我们留下了深刻的印象。

②My father impressed on me the importance of hard work. 我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。

③A new design is impressed on the cloth.

布上印有一种新花纹。

【知识拓展1】

(1)impression n. 印象；感想；印记。如：

The new teacher made a good impression on the students. 这位新教师给学生留下了一个好印象。

(2)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的。如：

He has a very impressive manner. 他的态度给人留下深刻的印象。

【知识拓展2】impress on/upon 使铭记，使印象深刻

be under the impression that 认为，觉得

First impressions are most lasting. (谚)最初的印象最深刻。/先入为主。

make an impression on sb 给某人留下印象impress with 使对……留有深刻的印象，使铭记

—How was Robert's cooking?

—Oh, pretty good. I was quite________. A．admired

B．interested

C．impressed

D．inspired 答案：C

句意：“罗伯特做饭怎么样？”“哦，太好了。我印象很深。”admire“钦佩；

欣赏”；interest“使有兴趣”；impress“使印象深刻”；inspire“鼓舞，激励”。

Ⅱ.短语精讲

as far as 1)远到……；到……为止(第二个as可以为介词或连词) We'll go by train as far as London, and then take a bus. 我们坐火车到伦敦，然后转坐公共汽车。

2)和……一样远(用于比较状语从句) He didn't go as/so far as the others.他并没有和别人走一样远的路。

【知识拓展】

1)as far as the eye can/could see 极目所尽

The bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see. 荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。

2)as far as I know|as far as I can remember/see/tell, etc.

就我所知；尽我所记得的；依我看

As far as I know, he has gone to town.

就我所知，他到镇子上去了。

3)as/so far I am concerned 就我而言，在我看来

As/So far as I am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。

4)as/so far as it goes 在有限程度上(通常指不满意) It's a good plan as far as it goes, but there are a lot of things they haven't thought of. 这计划还算不错，不过还有许多事情没有考虑到。

用as...as结构完成下列句子。

(1)________(就……而言)I know, he is honest.(2)We can walk________(远到)the seaside. (3)________(早在)millions of years ago there were human beings living in China. (4)Some stones weigh________(重达)fifteen tons. (5)His temperature may go up________(高达)40℃. (6)________(多达)200 people lost their lives in the fire. 答案：(1)As far as

(2)as far as

(3)As early as

(4)as much as

(5)as high as

(6)As many as