Learning about Language教案教学设计导入设计

教学内容

一．Words 1. solve

vt. 解答；解决

solution

n. 解决，解答

It’s difficult for him to solve the problem. 对他来说解决这个问题很难。

The little boy is good at solving the word puzzle. 那个小男孩善于解字谜。

辨析：solve与settle solve “解决”，侧重给出一个答案。

solve a mystery/problem 解决谜团/问题

settle “解决”，其对象通常是某种争端。

settle a matter/quarrel 解决事情/争吵

2. reality

n. (1) 不可数：现实；实际情况

搭配：face/accept reality 面对/接受现实；with reality 真实地；逼真地；bring…back to reality 使……面对现实

His film showed life in the poor area with great reality. 他的影片非常真实地展现了贫困地区的生活。

Failure brought back to reality. 失败使我回到现实中来。

(2) 可数：事实；实际经历

Her dream became a reality. 她的梦想成为了事实。

Will time travel become a reality? 时光旅行会成为事实吗？

【拓展】“事实上，实际上”的表达法

in reality; in fact; in truth; actually; really

3. application

n.

apply

v. 应用；申请；applicant

n. 申请人，求职者

(1) （尤指理论、发明等的）应用，运用

The research has many practical applications. 这项研究有许多实际用途。

(2) 申请；请求；申请书

搭配：make an application (to ab.) for （向某人）申请……

I made an application to the club for membership. 我申请加入该俱乐部。

It’s suggested that the application should be turned down. 有人建议拒绝这项申请。

4. explore

v.

explorer

n. 探险者；勘探员；exploration

n. 探险；探索

(1) 探测，勘察，探险

The city is best explored on foot. 最好是徒步考查这座城市。

(2) 探究，仔细查阅

The economists explored all the possible ways to check the inflation. 经济学家研究了可能遏制通货膨胀的各种方法。

5. anyhow

adv. (1) （转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说）无论如何，反正

Anyhow I don’t like it. 反正我不喜欢它。

(2) 而且，加之，反正

I don’t want to go out and anyhow it is raining. 我不想出去，而且天又在下雨。

(3) 尽管，即使这样

I am afraid we can’t come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow. 恐怖我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。

辨析：anyhow与somehow anyhow 同义词是anyway，意思是“无论如何；即便如此”，可以置于句首、句中或句末。

somehow 意为“以某种方式；由于某种原因；不知怎么地；想方设法”。

Leave me your address, anyhow. 不管怎样，给我留下你的地址。

Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust the man. 不知怎么地，我觉得不能信任这个人。

6. goal

n. (1) 目标；目的

搭配：set a goal 设定目标；pursue a goal 追求目标；achieve/realize/attain/reach a goal 实现目标

Goals determine what you are going to be. 目标决定你将成为什么样的人。

(2) 进球；得分

Liverpool won by three goals to one. 利物浦队以三比一获胜。

(3) 球门

搭配：(be) in goal 守球门；keep goal 守球门

He headed the ball into an open goal. 他把球顶进了空门。

7. personally

adv.

personality

n. 人格；personal

adj. 个人的，私人的

(1) 就本人而言，就个人意见（= in one’s opinion）

Personally, I am in favor of the plan. 就我个人来说，我是支持这项计划的。

(2) 本人；亲自（= by oneself）

The old man said he personally didn’t believe the report. 那位老人说他本人是不相信那篇报道的。

(3) 个别地；单个地

You will be held personally responsible for any loss and breakage. 如有丢失或损坏，将由你个人负责。

(4) 私下地；偷偷地

May I speak to you personally about this matter? 我可以私下和你谈谈这件事吗？

8. arise

vi. (arose, arisen) (1) 产生，发生，出现

A new difficulty has arisen. 新的困难已经出现了。

(2) （由……）引起；（因……）产生

搭配：arise out of 由……引起；arise from 因……产生

His failure arose from his laziness. 他的失败是由懒惰引起的。

All the injuries arose out of a road accident from drunk driving. 所有的这些伤害都是由酒驾引起的道路交通事故造成的。

注意：arise 作“出现；产生”讲时，多以抽象名词作主语，如crisis（危机），difficulty，situation（形势，局面）等。

【拓展】“导致”的表达法：result in; lead to; cause 辨析：arise, rise与raise 易混词

arise 词性

vi. 词义

产生，发生；出现

例句

Most accident arose from carelessness. 大部分事故是由疏忽大意引起的

rise raise

练习（一）

单词填空

vi. vt. 升起来，上升

举起，使……上升

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。

She raised her head and stared at them. 她抬起头盯着他们看。

1. As soon as the students of geology arrived on the island, they were eager to_________（探索）. 2. You should ____________(简化) the procedure—it’s too complex (复杂的). 3. Music is the

___________(通用的) language of human beings. 4. He set a ________ (目标）for himself of exercising at least three times a week. 5. They ____ (宠坏) their child with too much praise in the past. 6. We have a lot in c______, so we often have a lot to talk about. 7. She didn’t like the plan, but p______ I see nothing wrong with it.

8. They get along with each other quite well though their personalities are t___________ different. 9. We are all persuaded by his ___________（逻辑的）

argument. 10. Unexpected difficulties a_______（出现）in the course of their experiment. 11. With the help of his friends, he finally s_________________ the problem. 12. It may rain, but a_________（不管怎样）I will go out playing basketball. 13. We can d _____________many songs from the internet nowadays. 14. There are different t____________ of blood, as you know. 15. He said he wouldn’t come, so his sudden a___________ surprised all of us.

二．Phrases and Language Points 1. In pairs discuss what they have in common.

两人一组，讨论一下他们有什么相同之处。

have…in common 具有……共性

The two brothers have nothing in common. 两兄弟没有什么共同之处。

To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger. 令我吃惊的是，我发现自己和这个陌生人有许多共同点。

辨析：common, ordinary与usual common 侧重于“普遍，常见”，如common sense（常识）

ordinary 侧重于“平常，平凡”，如ordinary people（普通人）

usual 指从时间和频度上讲通常发生的事情或一种习惯。

2. As time went by, I was made smaller. 随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。

本句为as引导的时间状语从句，意为“随着”。

As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。

【拓展】表示“随着”两种方式：as引导的时间状语从句，with复合结构。

As time went by, things will get better. = With time going by, things will get better. 随着时间的推移，情况会有所改善。

go by (1) （时间）逝去，过去

Three years went by since her return. 自从她回来了，已经过去三年了。

(2) 走过，经过

A car went by (us) at full speed. 一辆轿车以全速驶过（我们身旁）。

(3) （机会等）轻易错过

I wouldn’t let the opportunity go by. 我不愿错过这个机会。

【拓展】go against 与……相背，违反；go ahead 走在前面；发生，进行；做吧，用吧

go through 通过；检查；经历

3. As a result I totally changed my shape.

因此，我已经给改变了我的形状。

as a result 因此，结果

Tom didn’t work hard. As a result, he failed the exam. 汤姆学习不用功，结果没通过考试。

辨析：as a result与as a result of 易混词组

as a result 辨析

“结果，因此”，单独使用，后面不接例句

He broke his leg. As a result, he had to be in bed for t宾语，可位于句首或句中，表示结果

months. 他摔断了腿。结果，他不得不卧床三个月。

as a result of “由于……，作为……的结果”，后接名词或代词，后面加原因

He is unable to go to work as a result of the falling fromhorse. 由于他从马上摔了下来，他不能去上班了。

4. to work out the answer to a problem 计算出（这个）问题的答案

work out

(1) 算出；计算出

You can work out the answer by adding all numbers. 你把所有的数加在一起就能算出答案了。

(2) 计划，制定出计划

I haven’t worked out who’s going to look after the kids tonight. 我还没有计划处今晚让谁去照顾孩子们。

(3) 发生，结果是

work out well/badly 结果好/糟糕

Things have worked out quite well for us. 事情的结果对我们很有利。

(4) 锻炼

I work out regularly to keep fit. 我经常做运动以保持健康。

5. He used to download information from the Internet and made good use of it. 他过去常常从网上下载信息并很好地利用它。

make good use of 好好利用，充分利用

We must make good use of every minute and second. 我们必须好好利用每分每秒。

【拓展】make use of 使用；利用

make full use of 充分利用

We will make use of her vast experience. 我们将利用她丰富的经验。

6. The company has given its computers away to a local school. 该公司向当地一所学校捐赠了一台电脑。

give away

(1) 捐赠，赠送

We’re giving away a free diary with tomorrow’s newspaper. 明天的报纸我们将附赠一本日记本。

(2) 分发，颁发

The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day. 市长在学校运动会那天颁发了奖项。

(3) 泄露，暴露

He is sure to give away your secret. 他一定会泄露你的秘密。

【拓展】give back 归还；送回；恢复

give in 上交；屈服

give out 分发；发出（气味）；

发表；耗尽

7. In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”. 这样，我就可以用我的“人工智能”编制出新的动作。

make up (1) 组成，构成（常与of连用，并用被动形式）

Eleven players make up a football team. = A football team is made up of eleven players. 11名运动员组成一个足球队。

(2) 编造，虚构

I think they’re making up the whole thing. 我认为整件事情是他们编出来的。

(3) 化妆，打扮

She spent two hours making herself up before the party. 她在参加聚会前用了两个小时化妆。

(4) 弥补（常与for连用）

Hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence. 勤能补拙。

(5) 和解

Let’s make up. 让我们言归于好吧。

8. After all,

with the help of

my electronic brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about! 不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切！

本句是which引导的限制性定语从句和what引导的一个表语从句。be all about 意为“致力于”。

after all

(1) 毕竟；究竟

I’m so sorry and I can’t go with you after all. 对不起，我终究还是不能和你一起去。

(2) 别忘了，到底

It’s not surprising the boy has got a stomachache. After all, he has eaten too much. 那个男孩胃痛并不令人惊讶，别忘了，他吃的太多了。

辨析：after all, at all, above all与in all

易混词组

after all at all 辨析

“毕竟，终究，到底”，加强语气

“完全，根本”，常用于否定句，疑问句和表语条件的从句中

一言辨异

You shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all, for hechild after all. Above all, he made only two mistakall. 你根本不该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是个孩最重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。

above all in all “首先，最重要的是”

“总共，总计”，相当于in total with the help of 在……的帮助下(= with one’s help) He stopped smoking with the help of his family and friends. 他在家人和朋友的帮助下戒了烟。

【拓展】without one’s help 没有……

的帮助；(be) of great help 非常有帮助

Your advice is of great help. 你的建议非常有帮助。

9. This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with

telephone calls. 这意味着它应该打扫房子、拖地板、做饭和接听电话。

deal with (1) 对待；处理

Deal with a man as he deals with you. 以其人之道，还治其人之身。

(2) 与……交易（尤指做买卖）

They’re dealt with this company for 20 years. 他们和这家公司做买卖已有20年了。

(3) 论及；涉及

This book deals with an international issue. 这本书论及一个国际问题。

辨析：deal with与do with 易混词组

deal with 辨析

deal 是不及物动词，故deal with一般与how连用

do with do 是及物动词，故do with一般与what连用

10. It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. 它也应该看一言辨异

He knows how to deal with men, but when he meets womendoesn’t know what to do with them. 他知道怎样和男人打交道，当遇见女人时，他不知该怎么对待。

护我那淘气的外甥女，她经常到我家来。

本句是who引导的非限制性定语从句。

watch over

(1) 看管；照顾

Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim? 我去游泳，你帮我看一下衣服好吗？

(2) 看守；监视；守卫

They were watched over by three policemen. 他们由三名警察看守着。

11. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before

I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯•巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。

本句是由before引导的时间状语从句，具体句型为“It took + 一段时间

+ before +从句”，表示“过了一段时间后才……”。

It took months before we solved the financial problem of our company. 我们花了几个月的时间才解决了公司的财务问题。

【拓展】

It will (not) be +时间段+before +从句（现在时）表示“要过一段时间后才……（用不了一段时间就……）”

It was (not) be +时间段+before +从句（过去时）表示“过了一段时间后才……（没过一段时间就……）”

It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这所学校毕业。

It was a long time before I understood what he did. 很长一段时间后我才理解他所做的事情。

12. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! 随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展的如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的一切事情！

本句为so…that引导的结果状语从句，其中I have been told为省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词为anything。

so…that “如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。

搭配：so + adj./adv. + that；so + adj. + a(n) + 可数名词单数

+ that；so few/many + 可数名词单数

+ that

so much/little（表示“少”）+ 不可数名词+ that The suitcase was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it upstairs. 这个手提箱那么重，我无法把它提到楼上去。

He worked so hard that he made great progress. 他工作如此努力，因此取得了巨大的进步。

It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. = It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气太热，以致谁也不想干活。

I have had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我跌了这么多跤，以致全身青一块紫一块的。

1

so…that结构中，so可放在句首，形成倒装结构

【拓展】○So tired was he that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down. 他太累了以致一躺下就睡着了。

2

so + adj. + a(n) + 可数名词单数+ that = such + a(n) + adj. + 可数名词单数+that；○但当名词有few，many，little(少的)，much等表示数量的词修饰时，不能用such…that来代替so…that。

She is so good a teacher that we all love her. = She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好的老师，我们都喜欢她。

There was so little water left that only small children and patients were given some. 剩下的水不多了，只给小孩和病人分了一些。

13. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.

她把观看人类比赛时所看到的的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。

while watching human games 为时间状语，是状语从句的省略形式。

状语从句的省略：当时间、条件等状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致并且从句的谓语有be的某种形式，或从句的主语为it并且从句的谓语动词有be的某种形式时，这时从句的主语和be常可省略。

While (he was) walking in the park, he met an old friend by chance. 当在公园散步时，他偶然遇到了一位老朋友。

Look out when (you are) crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。

He will not come unless (he is) invited. 除非被邀请，否则他不会来。

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director. 虽然他曾是个农民，但现在是位著名的导演。

14. Whenever she comes, I have to look after her, and sometimes help her with her homework. 无论她什么时候来我都要照顾她，有时还帮她做作业。

本句是whenever 引导的让步状语从句，表示“不管什么时候”。

You can ask for help whenever you need it. 无论何时你需要帮助都可以提出来。

【拓展】

(1) whenever也可用作副词，意为“究竟什么时候”。

Whenever did I make such a promise? 我究竟何时许过这样的诺言？

(2) wherever作连词时，用法类似于whenever。

Wherever you are, I will miss you. = No matter where you are, I will miss you. 无论你在哪里，我都会想你的。

(3) whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever即可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。

Whatever others say, I won’t give it up. = No matter what others say, I won’t give it up. 无论别人说什么，我都不会放弃它。

You can take whatever you like. （名词性从句）你喜欢什么就拿什么。

1

引导让步状语从句时，用“疑问词+-ever”或“no matter +疑问词”注意：○，但要根据不同的语境选择恰当的疑问词。

2

需牢记“no matte+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。

○

练习（二）

1. This chair is ___ the way. Move it, please.

A. on

B. in

C. by

D. to 2. ___ the explanation of the book, we can finally understand the passage. A. With the help of

B. Under the help of

D. By the help of C. After the help of

3. Although they are twins, they don’t have much ___.

A. the same as

B. in common

C. in commons

D. much

4. Man-made satellites ___ into space by many countries since 1960. A. have sent up

C. has been sent up

B. have been sent up

D. were sent up

5. While he was ___ about in the street, Mary came up to him.

A. wandering

B. wondering

C. wondered

D. wandered 6. —___ are you going to ___ it?

—Keep it, of course.

A. What; deal with

B. How; deal with

C. How; do with

D. What; use 7. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ___ but to take a taxi.

A. way

B. choice

C. possibility

D. selection 8. Before Tom left home his mother kept telling him to ___. A. mind

B. care

C. watch

D. notice 9. Trees of this kind are so ___ that they can be seen everywhere.

A. usual

B. ordinary

C. common

D. normal 10. He came to help us ___ he had lots of work to do. A. as

B. although

C. while

D. whenever 11. As time ___ my memory seems to get worse. A. goes along

B. goes away

C. goes by

D. goes through 12. —Why do you ask me to take that early bus?

—Because that bus ___ the 9:00 am train at London. A. join in

B. joins up

C. unites with

D. connects with 13. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided

14. Problems ___ because they were lack of communication. A. raised

B. added

C. showed

D. arose

15. —We’ll have the examination next. I’m really worried about it.

—___. A. Never mind

B. Take it easy

C. Oh, really

D. Sorry to hear that

三．Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态

(一). 现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：

1. 主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. 他修理这台机器已有两小时了。

被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。

2. 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. 老师把那些书借走了。

被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. 那些书被老师借走了。

主动语态

被动语态

现在完成时

have/has done----------have/has been done The dirty clothes have not been washed. 脏衣服还没有洗。

Have the windows been cleaned? 窗户擦完了吗？

How many shopping centers have been built in this city? 这座城市建了多少座商业中心？

3. 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态，如：happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit ,stand, break out, come true, belong to等．如：

What has happened to your brother? 你哥哥发生了什么事？

4. 但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。

但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如：

The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 这个孩子这些年被王奶奶照顾的很好。

A notice has been put up on the wall. 布告被贴在了墙上。

(二). 具体结构如下：

1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式

由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。

2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式

由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。

3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式

由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？

─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。

②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？

─No，they haven't．不，还没有。

4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式

由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？

Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？

How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？

(三). 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。

The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。

They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）

How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？

(四). 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即

have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。

2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。

The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。

The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。

3．由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，

join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。

译：这本书买了多久了？

误：How long has this book been bought？

正：How long ago was this book bought？

但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。

No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

4．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。

The orphan has been well looked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。

练习（三）

1．Paper money ＿＿＿＿

for over a thousand years．

A．used

B．has been used

C．has used

D．is using

2．Great changes ＿＿＿＿

in my hometown and a lot of factories ＿＿＿＿．

A．have been taken place; are being set up

B．have taken place; have been set up

C．are taken place; had been set up

D．had taken place; will be set up

3．Come and sit down by the fire．Your hand ＿＿＿＿

cold．

A．has been felt

B．feels

C．is felt

D．has felt

4．The fire ＿＿＿＿to the fifth floor．＿＿＿＿

all the people＿＿＿＿？

A．has got; Have; been saved

B．has been got; Have; saved

C．has got; Do; save

D．has got; Have; saved

5．—We want to sit at the table near the window．

—I’m sorry, but it ＿＿＿＿

already．

A．has taken

B．took

C．was taken

D．has been taken

6．Some of the chapters（片段）＿＿＿＿

by many students．

A．have been widely read

B．have read widely

C．were wide read

D．had been

widely read

7．Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books ＿＿＿

there．

A．have just brought

B．have just been brought

C．were just brought

D．are just brought

8．Till now, three films ＿＿＿＿

in that small village this month．

A．have shown

B．have been shown

C．were shown

D．will be shown

9．Do you know the thief ＿＿＿＿

by the police？

A．has caught

B．has been catching

C．was caught

D．has been caught

10．My sister is working in the power plant that ＿＿＿

for just one year．

A．was used

B．has been used

C．is used

D．has used

11．—How long ______ at this job?

—Since 1990. A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed

12．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _____yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided 13．Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books ＿＿＿

there．

A．have just brought

B．have just been brought

C．were just brought

D．are just brought

14．Till now, three films ＿＿＿＿

in that small village this month．

A．have shown

B．have been shown

C．were shown

D．will be shown 15．Do you know the thief ＿＿＿＿

by the police？

A．has caught

B．has been catching

C．was caught

D．has been caught

四．单元练习

I. 选择词组填空

in common

go by

deal with

in a way

share…with

as a result

as well as

make up

with the help of

after all

watch over

win second place

be filled with

1. Will you please ________ my child while I am out?

2. Those two brothers not only look alike, but also they have a lot ________.

3. When I am back to school from sick leave, I will ____________ for the missed lessons.

4. ____________, he has been very successful.

5. I cannot think of ways to __________ the salesman at the door.

6. I made great progress in English _________ Mr. Lin.

7. Look! Little Tom is in tears. Don’t scold him. ____ _______, he is only a boy of six.

8. Three months ______ before I knew about it.

9. Your unbelievable story should be _________us. 10. When we got the news that we won, the room __________laughter. II. 单项选择

1. Yesterday morning he got up earlier than ________, for it was not a(n)____ day. A. common; usual

B. usual, ordinary

C. usual, normal

D. common, ordinary 2. How do you ____ it and what should you ____ it?

A. deal with, deal with

B. deal with, do with

C. do with, deal with

D. do with, do with 3. I can’t tell you the exact time I’ll get there, maybe at eight or nine or even later. ____, I’ll be there as early as I can. A. Anyhow

B. However

C. Thus

D. Therefore 4. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _______ well and ________ already. A. sell, have been sold out

B. sold, had sold out

C. sell, sell out

D. are sold, have been sold out 5. —John failed his final

exam.

—I’m not surprised at the news _______. ________, he is never seen busy with his lessons.

A. at all, After all

B. in all, After all

C. above all, In all

D. at all, In all

6. There used to _______ a truck _____ and I can’t get through.

A. be, in the way

B. be, in a way

C. being, on the way

D. being, by the way 7. _____ you grow older, you’ll know better and better about yourself. A. Since

B. As

C. Before

D. So 8. Tom is ____ that he can’t go to school.

A. so a young boy

B. a so young boy

C. a such young boy

D. such a young boy 9. _______will be years ______ we meet again.

A. There；since

B. There；after

C. It；that

D. It；before

10.________ I could get in a word he had left.

A. Until C. After

11. Do you know the thief ______ by the police?

A. has caught

B. has been catching

C. will catch

D. has been caught

12. —How many times______ not to play with fire? —I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again. A. do you tell

B. had you told

C. are you told

D. have you been told

13. —What’s happening in the new area?

—New houses_______ recently over there.

A. are built

B. built

C. have built

D. have been built 14. There is a police car in front of our neighbor’s house. What do you suppose _______?

A. did happen

B. has happened

C. is happen

D. has been happened 15. All the preparations for the project _______, and we’re ready to start.

B. Before

D. As

A. completed

B. had been completed

C. complete

D. have been completed 16. Great changes ________ in the city, and a lot of factories ________.

A. have been taken place; have been set up

B. have taken place; have been set up C. have taken place; have set up

D. were taken place; were set

up 17. —How long _____ at this job?

—Since 1990. A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed

18. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________yet. A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided 19. This is a photo of the power stat ion that __________ in my hometown . A. has set up

B. has been set up

C. will set up

D. is set up

20. —Did you move into the new house?

—No. The rooms ___________ yet. A. were being painted

B. are painting

C. have not painted

D. have not been painted

五．课后作业

I. 单项选择

1. —It is not enough for you just to tell me your decision. _____. —The only reason is that I’m interested in it.

A. I don’t agree

B. I don’t think so

C. Give me your reason

D. Let’s have a discussion

2. The text has been _____ by somebody because it was too difficult for children to understand at first. A. created

B. written

C. simplified

D. solved 3. Scientists in some countries have done a lot of work to _____ the moon. A. cover

B. search

C. explode

D. explore 4. They use specially trained dogs to _____ their sheep at night. A. take care

C. watch over

B. get along with

D. turn to 5. The _____ of the new technology has greatly increased the production. A. usage

B. application

C. knowledge

D. research 6. I know these flowers are not natural, but the _____ ones look more beautiful and can last long. A. fresh

B. new

C. true

D. artificial 7. It was going to be some time _____ he would see his father again. A. before

B. after

C. since

D. when 8. She does not know _____ the situation, for she is too inexperienced.

A. how to deal with

C. how to deal with it

B. what to deal with D. what to do with it 9. _____ I can see what you mean, even though I don’t share your point of view.

A. In the way

C. In no way

B. On the way

D. In a way 10. Most of his mistakes _____ out of his nervousness, I am sure. A. rose

B. raised

C. arose

D. lifted 11. Susan advised me not to buy the vase, but I bought it _____. A. anyhow B. however

C. though

D. totally 12. He is so busy with the research _____ he has no time left for any other activity. A. which

B. that

C. why

D. because 13. How close parents are to their children has a strong influence on the _____ of the children. A. intelligence

C. power

B. appearance

D. character 14. When coming to the education of children, we must _____ children’s reading habit as early as possible.

A. grow

B. develop

C. increase

D. raise 15. Lucy has made great progress in her studies _____ the help of the experienced teacher. A. with

B. under

C. to

II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空

1．According to a recent research，dolphins are much more __________________ than other animals.(intelligence) 2．It’s scary to stay in a house alone in ________________ darkness.(totally)

3．Most of the time，women are forced to make a ________________ between family and career.(choose) 4．The mother was amazed by the little kid’s __________idea.(create)

5．________________ speaking，it’s worth all the efforts.(person)

6．This is a painting full of _______ and hope.(imagine) 7．The earth is nothing but a very small planet in the endless ________________ .(universal) 8．The earliest ________________ in China is abacus.(calculate) 9．________________ arose about exactly how to spend the money.(disagree) 10．The ____________ progress is changing our life.(technology) III. 阅读理解

When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to D. over memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard: “Will my baby be able to learn my language?” Be honest. Do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is: “no”.

New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who would have been able to understand a sentence like this: “Click here to download your digital book”? Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it.

Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue ... and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon (现象) and don’t think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue.

You need to learn only 2,000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can’t avoid (避开) some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you.

It is not wise to depend on any method based upon memotechnics (记忆术). The first words seem very easy to learn; so, you buy the course; but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word when you have also to learn the trick to memorize it. 1. From the first paragraph, we know that ______. A. there is no need to know all the words of a foreign language B. it is honest to answer “no” to a question you don’t know

C. a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongue D. people find it hard to memorize vocabulary of their language 2. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 probably means ______. A. you have no courage to speak the word B. you just fail to remember the word C. you are not sure of the word D. you daren’t open your mouth to speak the word

3. To learn a foreign language, the author advises you ______. A. to remember new words according to memotechnics B. to keep up with new ways of using old words C. to learn at least 2,000 necessary words D. to pay more attention to your bad memory 4. The passage is mainly about ______. A. using old words in a new way B. learning new words from the context

C. finding a method to memorize vocabulary D. learning vocabulary of a foreign language