Learning about Language板书设计及设计说明

9

Unit 1 人教版英语选修○Period3 learning about language (useful structures) Xu Yan 教学目标：

1．Knowledge aims: (1)

Revise Noun Clauses (as the Subject, Object and Predicative) (2)

Make the students use noun clauses as subject. 2．Ability aims: Enable the students to use subject clauses according to the language situation.

重点与难点：

Get the students to understand and use noun clauses as the subject according to the language situation.

思路与方法：

1. Task-based teaching and learning. 2. Cooperative learning. 3. Discussion.

教学步骤：

Step1: warming up 1.定义：

在主从复合句中，充当主语的句子，即为主语从句。 eg: What he said is very important to us.

他所说的话对我们很重要。

eg: That he will come is certain.

他肯定会来的。

2.重难点：

主语从句的语序：（陈述语序）

主语从句+谓语；

It（形主）+谓语+……+ that（真主）

主语从句的引导词：

连词 that/ whether 连接代词

who (ever) /whom (ever)/which (ever)/ what(ever) 连接副词

where/ when/ why/ how

Step2、引导主语从句的三类连接词及句法功能

1. 连接词that, whether /if

1）that在从句中不担任任何句子成分，无词意，但是不可省略。

eg: That he got the first prize made his parents very happy. 他获得了一等奖，这使他的父母亲非常高兴。

eg: That China will become stronger is certain. 中国将变得更加强大是确定无疑的。

练一练：

1. _______Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.

2. _______drought is spreading in southwest China has made people worried.

2）whether/ if在从句中不担任句子成分，但有词义，意为“是否”。

eg:

Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. 我们乘火车还是乘船没差别。

eg: Whether life exists on other planets is not clear. 其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。

名师点津：

1）whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。 2）whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可用if来替换。 3）如果whether 从句在句首或后面直接跟有or not时，不能用if。 他们还没有决定是否卖掉这栋房子。

eg: Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided. (≠if)

eg: It is not decided yet whether they will sell the house. (＝if) eg: Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter. (≠if)

他来不来都没有关系

练一练： 1. _____the president will attend the party or not is kept a secret.

2. _____we will have a picnic depends on the weather.

3. _____it is true remains a problem.

4. _____cars will be parked in the future is a question.

2. 连接代词：

有who“谁（主格）”，whom“谁（宾格）”，whose“谁的”，What“什么……的事/话/……”，which“哪一个”，whoever“无论谁”，whatever“无论什么……”

whichever“无论哪一个”等；在主语从句中担任主语，宾语，表语或定语。 eg: Who will host the meeting hasn’t been decided.

谁来主持会议还没有决定。

eg: Whose car runs faster should be tested. 应该测试谁的车跑的更快。

eg: What she feels is not clear to anyone. 谁都不清楚她是什么感受。

eg: Whoever comes to China is welcome. 无论谁来中国都欢迎。

eg: Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.

无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。

练一练： 1. ______ was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 2. ______breaks the low is sure to be punished.

3. ______surprises me most is that he is too vain.

4. ______kinds of books they will buy needs considering.

5. ______ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.

3. 连接副词when, where, why, how

连接副词when（什么时间）,where（在哪里）,why（为什么）,how（怎么，如何）有词义，在主语从句中担任时间，地点，原因，方式状语。 eg: Why Chen Lin committed suicide has not been clear yet.

陈林为何自杀还不清楚。

eg: When and where we will hold the meeting hasn’t been decided.

我们何时何地举行会议还没决定。

eg: How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。

练一练：

1. ______ he didn’t come yesterday is unknown.

2. ______ the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.

3.______ the fight in this areas will stop puzzles many people.

※ 学法指导：(小结) 依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指从句与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如果缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where，原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。Whether表“是否”。

Step3、it作形式主语的结构: 由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。但要注意的是，通常由what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构。

练一练：it作形式主语主要有下面五种句型：

1）It +be + 形容词+that从句：

___________________he was telling the truth. 很明显他说了实话。

___________________we’ll be a little late.

可能我们有点晚了。

2）

It + be +名词词组+ that从句：

___________________you can’t go with us.

很遗憾你不能和我们一起去。

___________________you’ve achieved so much success. 难怪你取得了这么多的成功。

3）It +及物动词+宾语+that从句：

___________________her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白，这让她有点担心。

___________________he didn’t tell anybody where he was.

让我震惊的是他没有告诉任何人他在哪儿。

4）It +be +

过去分词+ that从句

eg :It is said /reported/ believed/ thought/ expected… + that

从句：

__________________he has been there many times. 据说他去过那儿很多次

了。

名师点津: 过去分词如果是suggested, ordered, required

等表示“要求，建议，请求，命令”等词时，从句中谓语应用虚拟语气“(should) +动词原形”形式。

eg :It is suggested that measures should be taken to improve our education.

人们建议采取措施来改善我们的教育。

当表语或宾语也为从句时不能用it作形式主语。

eg : What moved us was that he lost his life in order to save others.

使我们感动的是他为了挽救别人而献出了自己的生命。

eg : That he came here means that he has agreed with us.

他来这表明他已赞同我们。

5）It +seems/ happens/ appears/ occurs to sb./doesn’t matter等不及物动词+ that从句：

_______________he has lost something. 似乎他丢了什么东西。

_______________ he has left his keys in his office. 他突然想起来他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。

Step4、主语从句中应注意的问题 1. 主语从句的语序总是用陈述语序。 eg: How he managed to survive in the forest interested everyone present.

令在场的每个人感兴趣的是他是怎样设法在森林中活下来的。

2. 从句的时态一般要取决于主句。如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去式和过去进行时），那么从句的时态一般要用相应的过去的某种事态。

eg: What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip.

让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。

3. 主语从句做主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 eg: When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.

什么时候开运动会还没定下来。

如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

eg: When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.

他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。

名师点津：

What和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的单复数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 eg: What I need is money. 我所需要的是钱。

eg: What I need are books. 我所需要的是书。

但如果由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。

eg: When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided.

会议将在什么时候以及在哪里举行还没定下来。

※

Summary：(小结) 1. 用_______________________________________________来连接主语从句。

2.That 在主语从句中_____省略。

3.引导主语从句在______只能用whether,有it作形式主语的whether/ if 都可以。

4.有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用______________,而把从句放在后面。

5. 主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用____形式。

6.主语从句中用______语序。

7.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词常与其后的名词作表语一致，且根据句子的语境而定。

8. It作形式主语的句型中有_________的情况出现，主语从句的谓语动词应该使用_______。

Step5、巩固练习

用适当的关联词填空:

1. _________ he became a great scientist is known to us all.

（How）

2. It is necessary ________ he should learn about the whole matter.

（that）

3. __________ breaks the low is sure to be punished.

（Whoever）

4. It is reported ________ a new film will be put on in the cinema.

（that）

5. ________side will win is not clear.

（Which）

6. _________they will start is not known yet.

（When）

7. _________ surprises me most is that he is too vain.

（What）

8. _________he did it remains a mystery.

（Why）

9. _________he will come is not known.

（Where）

10. _________ he wants to buy is a toy.

（What）

11.__________he will go is not yet fixed.

（Where）

12. It has not been decided _________ will attend the meeting.

（who）

13. _________ it will please them is not easy to say.

（Whether）