Learning about Language公开课参赛课教案

定语从句

（Attributive clauses）

Teaching aims:

1.

Make the Ss to review the general concept and rules of attributive clauses. 2.

Tidy the key points and difficult points that are frequently used in exercises. 3.

Make clear some differences of the usage of “that” and “which”.

Teaching importance: 1.

The form about the usage of relative pronouns and adverbials 2.

Tidy the key points and difficult points that are frequently used in exercises. Teaching difficulties: 1.

Exemplify the usage of relative pronouns and adverbials. 2.

Make clear some differences of the usage of “that” and “which”.

3.

Relevant exercises. Teaching aids: Multimedia and projector Teaching process

Step 1. 理清概念

什么是定语从句?

在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。

ii.

引导定语从句的有：

1）关系代词：先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose

先行词为物：which, that, whose

2）关系副词：when, where, why

注意：

关系词起三个作用：①连接先行词和定于从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分

what不能引导定语从句。

例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

iii.

关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

定语从句的构成: 先行词

+ 关系词

+ 从句

人

物

i.

主格

Who/ that,

Which/ that

宾格

Whom/ that/ who Which/ that

定语

whose Whose: …of which

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。

例如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）

The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：

Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.

（which / that在句中作主语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

II. 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。

I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.

I know the reason why he came late.

Step 2. 开心自测

1)

She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which

B. where

C. what

D. who

2)

It was Appril 29, 2011 ___ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A. that

B. when

C. since

D. before 3)

She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____ had taken more than three years.

A. for which

B. with which

C. of which

D. to which

4）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, ____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. A. as

B. which

C. when

D. though

Step 3. 考点梳理

1)

关系代词引导的限制性与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：

The watch that I bought yesterday works well.

非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：

My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.

2)

.用that 不用which

1.代高序原则

2.当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时

3. 先行词指人又指物时

先行词是everything, anything, nothing ,all, none, few, little, some等代词时，

或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。

All the guests, the first place, the best film

, something ，

Any man, the very dictionary, any seat

the only advantage /person

Look at the man and his donkey

that

are walking up the street. 3)

只能用which 的两种情况



非限制性定语从句,先行词为物

e.g. Yangtze river, which is the third longest river, lies in China.



整句话当先行词

It rained a lot, which made a flood happened

4) 只能用as, 不能用which, that, who 的两种情况

：先行词被such, the same 修饰时

e.g. I’ve never heard of such a terrible earthquake as you told me.

You are using the same pen as I lost yesterday. (像，两支)

You are using the same pen that I lost yesterday.（正是，同一支）

2) 非限制性定语从句提前,关系词用as,“正如…所知道,所期望…的一样”

e.g. As we know，Taiwan belongs to China,

当先行词是anyone, those, these, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：

Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.

Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

5）

介词+关系代词的用法

关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：

Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)

6）

注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：

I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons.

从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分

试比较：

I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.

( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略

)

I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.

（

从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词

）

The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable.

( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略

)

The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.

（

从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词

）

7) 关系代词whose的特殊用法（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换, of which可置于其所修饰的名词前或后; 若指人, 可以同of whom互换）。例如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.（指物）

=Please pass me the book the cover of which (of which the cover) is green.

The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.（指人）

= The doctor, the name of whom was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.

8)

一种特殊的非限制性定语从句

在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.

(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)

9)

定语从句中易犯的错误

1. 在定语从句中加了多余的定语

e.g. Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come. (them)

2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单复数弄错

e.g. Anyone who break the rules will be punished. (breaks)

Those who has finished may go home. (have)

He is the only one of the teachers who know English in our school. (knows)

This is one of the rooms that is free now. (are)

3. 误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词

e.g. Children ∧ eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. (who / that)

4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词

a). The house where he lives in needs repairing. ( where he lives 或

that he lives in)

b) I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing. ( the day when 或

the day on which)

5. 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词

I still remember the day when we spent together. (that / which)

This is the house where we lived in last year. (that /which)

6. 在先行词reason 后错用关系副词why

I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late. (that /which)

7. 主句不完整,首先要补充完整

This factory is ∧ that I worked in. (the one )

8. what 引导的名词性从句做主语,宾语,表语

That can be done has already been done. (what)

9. 误将强调句型当定语从句

I was in the kitchen where the fire broke out. (that)

10) 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

1. 首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看that前的名词是否是一些需要有内容的名词，如：idea, fact, thought, news等。

2。强调句型与主语从句的区别：强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而含主语从句的复合句中的it是指示代词，后面多为系表结构或被动语态。如果去掉It be…that，句子就不通顺了。

1.The news ______came from the front was true.

2.The news ______he won the game was true.

3.She was not ______she used to be.

4.The city is no longer a place _____ it used to be.

5._____ is known to us all, paper was first made in China.

6._____ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.

7. She was not the woman ______she used to be.

The city is no longer _____it used to be.

答案: 1. that/which 2. that 3. what 4.that 5. As 6. It 7. that, what

Step 4 金题精讲

金题精讲①②③④⑤⑥B. Is this apartment ____ you once lived in?( Bb)定语从句A/C. Is this the apartment ____ you once lived in?C. Is this the only apartment ____ you once lived in?. Is this the apartment in ____ you once lived?AD. Is this the apartment ____ you once lived?D. Is this the only apartment ____ you once lived?•A. which B. the one C. that D. where

2. He arrived in Beijing in 1984____ he BCbecame a manager some years later, ____ was important for him, _____ he was 定语从句Aalready in his fifties and he became famous D____ .A•It was 1984____ he arrived in Beijing.•It was in 1984____ he arrived in Beijing.E•A. when B. where C. which D.thereE. that

•I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her. 定语从句•A. which B. in that•C. \D. of which

•3. After graduation I’d like to find a job ____ I can use what I have learnt at school.•A. whose B. which C. where D.that定语从句

Step 5 Homework

1. Review the rules of Attributive clause and do some exercises 2. Do relevant exercises in the given paper : multiple choices and 2 reading passages.