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非谓语动词讲学案

班级：________

姓名：________ 非谓语动词概述：

1.

非谓语动词是动词的形式，但在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。

2.

非谓语动词有：不定式，( to+动词原形)，

动名词（

动词的—ing 形式），现在分词（动词的----ing形式），过去分词（动词的—ed形式）非谓语动词虽然不能做谓语，但是还保留着动词的特点即可以接宾语或表语，也可以被状语修饰。也有时态和语态的变化。

种类

时态

主动

被动

to do to be done 不定式

一般

进行

完成

完成进行

现在分词

动名词

一般

完成

一般

to be doing to have done to have been doing doing having doing /

to have been done

being done having been done done 过去分词

不定式：

1）

不定式在句子中可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。

2）

动词不定式的否定形式是

由

not+to+动词原形构成

3）

动词不定式可以和how, what, when, which, who , where等疑问词连用。

如：how to do the work, where to find book, which to choose, when to start 等。

4）

不定式做主语时，常用it 来充当它的形式主语，而把不定式短语放到句末。

如：To learn English well is not easy →

It is not easy to learn English well. 5) 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：

三个希望两答应：

hope, want, wish ,agree, promise

两个要求莫拒绝：

ask, demand, refuse

设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide

不要假装在选择

pretent , choose . 6) 感官动词和使役动词常跟不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语。口诀是：一感（feel ）二听（

hear, listen ）三让（

let, make, have ）

四看（see,watch, notice, look at）半帮助（help）

小试牛刀：用不定式的适当形式填空

1.

Nobody

likes _________.(laugh at) 2.

I am sorry _______( keep) you waiting so long 3.

I happened __________( stand ) in the doorway when he rushed in. 4.

I don’t like ___________( tell )what to do 5

He is said ______________(write) two books about his childhood in the past two years. 6.

What we’d like ________( do) first is _________( take) a shower( 洗澡)。

7.

I saw him_________( play )basketball

with Jack an hour ago.

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8.

What I would suggest is __________(put)off the meeting. 9.

Do remember____________(turn) off the light when you leave. 10.

I have something important __________(tell) you 11.

There are many ways__________(solve 解决) the problem. 动名词

动名词由动词原形+ing形式构成。动名词在句中不作谓语，但仍具有动词的某些特征，即可带自己的宾语或状语，而构成动名词短语。动名词在句中起名词的作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语，和定语。如：

a.. Swimming is a good sport in summer

b.. Telling him not to worry is no use. 在此类句子中，通常会用it 做形式主语，而把动名词（真正的主语）放到句末。形成了这种句型：

It is no use + doing something.

It is no good + doing something.

It is no fun +doing something 1.

以下动词或短语后常跟动名词做宾语

feel like, spend, be busy with ,finish (喜欢花费忙结束)，

suggest，advise ,keep ,think of, practice(建议保持想练习) be worth, consider, miss,(值得考虑莫错过)

can’

help, can’t stand, bear, imagine , be fond of , mind (忍不住想象好介意)

give

up, enjoy ，avoid, risk(放弃享受免冒险) look forward to, devote-- to ,get / be/ become/used to, (盼望奉献成习惯) allow，admit, insist，

delay, (允许承认坚持拖) permit, put off, keep--- from, prevent----(from), stop----(from), protect----from, object(许诺推迟阻反对) succeed in ,dream of, include,(成功之路已包含)

2.

以下动词可跟不定式，也可以跟动名词，但含义不同：

forget to do sth( 忘了要去干---)

forget doing sth( 忘了干过的事情) regret to do ----(遗憾地去做----)

regret doing----( 后悔做了某事) try to do ----( 努力干----)

try doing -------( 尝试干某事) stop to do----( 停下来去干另一件事)

stop doing ------( 停止干某事) mean to do--- ( 打算干)

mean

doing ( 意味着干) go on to do ------( 继续去干另一件事)

go on doing----- ( 继续干同一件事) 3.

动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。（而现在分词作定语时现在分词与所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。）如：

Don’t forget to take a shopping basket with you (动名词表用途) The sleeping man is called Jimy.( 现在分词与man 有主谓关系) 小试牛刀：

1.

Now more and more people are busy________(learn) about the Internet 2.

It’s too hot, Would you mind _________(open) the window?

3.

No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep_________（try）until we make it. 4.

We couldn’t help_________(laugh) after we heard the funny story. 5.

Are you enjoying ___________(live) in the countryside? 6.

I forgot __________(sign) my name when I finished ______（write）the composition(作文)。

7.

My father has decided_________(stop) smoking because it is bad foe his health.

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8.

The pen ________(lie) on the table belongs(属于) to me. 9.

It’s no use __________(argue) with them. He won’t change his mind.. 10.

We are think of ________(make) a new plan for the next term. 现在分词和过去分词

现在分词（动词的--ing形式）和过去分词（动词的--ed 形式）在句中可以做表语，定语状语和宾语补足语。如：

1.

The man standing there is our teacher. (做man的定语) 2.

The sound we heard last night was so frightening (在句中做表语) 3.

He looked disappointed (在句中做表语) 4.

We saw him walking in the garden。

(在句中做宾补) 5.

You’d better have your bike repaired。

（在句中做宾语补足语）

6.

The old man came upstairs, his hand holding a stick for support.(在句中做伴随状语) 7.

United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分则败。在句中做条件状语）

不定式、

动名词、

现在分词、过去分词作定语的区分

1.

不定式

做定语放在所修斯的名词的后面，表示未发生的动作或发生的某一动作。

2.

动名词

作定语往往说明所修饰词的用途或作用。

3.

现在分词

作定语表示主动、

正在进行的动作。

4.

过去分词作定语

表示被动、完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在所修饰词的前面分词短语做定语一般放在被修饰词的后面。

不定式、

现在分词、过去分词做状语的区分

1.

不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评注行的状语

2.

现在分词做状语可表示时间、

愿因、

结果、伴随、方式、目的、条件状语。也表主动、表进行。

3.

过去分词做状语可表时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、方式状语。

非谓语动词使用的七原则：

原则一：用作目的状语，要用不定式

原则二：用作伴随状语，要用现在分词

原则三：用作结果状语，可用---ing 或不定式，

原则四：凡是含有被动意义是原则上要用过去分词。

原则五：非谓语动词做状语是，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句的主语保持一致

原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成时

原则七：

用于名词后作定语时，

原则是; 不定式，表动作尚未发生；用---ing，表动作正在进行；

用过去分词，表动作已经发生，同时表被动意义。

一显身手：

1.

Tom has no pen ______. A. write

B to write on

C. writing on

D. to write with 2.

Her mother would not let him ______ any housework at all.

A. to do

B. do

C. doing

D. does 3. Lily doesn’t

have to be made_______. She always studied very hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learning

D. learned

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4. You ‘d better_______ in the office

A. not smoke

B. smoking

C. not to smoke

D. don’t smoke 5. Tell your sister ________ near the lake. It’s dangerous. A. not

play

B. not to play

C. don’t play

D. to play 6. All of them found ________ difficult to work out the maths problem.

A. it

B. that

C. which

D. what 7.The problem is ________difficult for us_______

A. so; work out

B. very too; to be worked out

C. too; to work out

D. quite too;

to work it out 8. We are tired. Let’s stop________ a rest.

A. have

B. to have

C. having

D. / 9. At weekends, I

prefer _________ at

home

to________ out

A. stay; going

B. staying ; go

C. staying; going

D. to stay. go

10.My trousers are worn out. I need _________ another ______

A. t o buy; pair

B. buying ; pair

C. to buy one

D. buying

; one 11._______ his address, I couldn’t get in touch with him. A. Not know,

B. Having not know

C. Not knowing

D. Known not 12. _______ at the station ,we found the train______.

A. Arriving,

gone

B. Arrived,

gone

C. Arriving,

go

D. To arrive, going 13.The _______ water is not fit for drinking.

A. polluted

B. polluting

C.

to

pollute

D. pollute 14.Can you imagine them _______ in space?

A. drink and eat

B. drinking and eating

C. to drink and to eat

D how are drink or eat 15.I did all I could______ him

A. helping

B. to help

C. helped

D. helps 16.It happened_________ when I got off the bus in Beijing.

A. to rain

B. raining

C. rained

D. to be raining 17.My watch is not worth ___________.

A. repairing

B. to repair

C. repaired

D. repairs 18.The

question is ________ the book

A. where to get

B. where get

C. where getting

D. where gets 19.I don’t regret _______ her what I thought.

A. tell

B. to tell

C. telling

D.tells 20. When I got home, I found the gas(煤气)________,but

the door remained________.

A. burned, locking

B. burning, locking

C. burning, locked

D. to burn, to lock 21.His daughter refused_______ and his son pretended _______asleep. Neither of them wanted to go with him.

A. to go, to be

B. going, to be

C. going , being

D. to go, being 22.The film_______ this Saturday in the cinema.

A. is to be shown

B. is to show

C .is showing

D. shows

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