Learning about Language教案1

Section_Ⅲ

Grammar—_现在完成时的被动语态

语法图解

探究发现

①Over time I have been changed

quite a lot. ②Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. ③The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. ④The ink has not been removed

from the clothes. ⑤Haven't your problem been solved?

⑥How many buildings have been built in your school? [我的发现]

(1)以上几句中的时态和语态是现在完成时的被动语态。

(2)以上几句中第①②③句是该时态的肯定句式；第④句是否定句式；第⑤句是一般疑问句式；第⑥句是特殊疑问句式。

一、结构

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问式

特殊疑问式

He

has been selected

to take part in the sports meeting. 主语＋have/has been done ... 主语＋have/has not been done ... Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？

他已被挑选出来参加运动会。

The construction of the bridge has not been finished. 桥的建设还没有完成。

Has the date for the next meeting been decided?

下次会议的日期已决定了吗？

How long has the battery not been changed?

电池多久没有更换了？

[即时演练1] (1)变换句子

The children have already been told the good news. ①将上面的句子变为否定句。

The_children_haven't_been_told_the_good_news_yet. ②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。

Have_the_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet? ③将上面的句子对the children进行提问。

Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet? (2)补全句子

①I'm sorry, but the letters haven't_been_typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。

②The plan has_been_discussed for nearly two hours. 这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。

③She hasn't_been_heard_from since then. 从那时候起，她就没来过信。

二、用法

1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。

The machine

has already been repaired. 机器已经修好了。

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。

Financial problems of the company have been discussed for

nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。

How long has this film been shown?

这部电影已放映多长时间了？

3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished.

在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。

[名师点津]

常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：

already 已经

recently/lately 最近

ever since 自那以来

so far 迄今为止

by now 到现在为止

yet 已经

since then 从那时起

ever 曾经

for a long time 很长一段时间

in recent years

在最近几年里

in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里

[即时演练2] (1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子

①Jack's boss has always praised him for his devotion to work. →Jack has always been praised by his boss for his devotion to work. ②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village. →A good place has been found to build a temple in the village. ③We haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. →How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn't been decided yet. (2)补全句子

①I will go home when my homework has been finished. 当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。

②Paper money has_been_used_for_over_one_thousand_years. 纸币已被使用了1,000多年了。

三、注意事项

1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

His boss has already punished him.

→He has already

been punished (by his boss)．

2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。

The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．

→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．

[即时演练3]

将下面句子变为被动语态

①I have asked her to help you. →She_has_been_asked_to_help_you. ②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years. →Many_trees_have__been_planted__on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_years. ③He has sent me an e-mail. →I_have_been_sent_an_e-mail. →An_e-mail_has_been_sent_to_me.

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．More than 100 famous films have_been_shown (show) in the city since July. 2．Since your work has_been_finished (finish), you can have a

rest now. 3．How many cars have_been_made (make) in the factory since 1990? 4．Three new schools have_been_opened (open) in our city in the past five years. 5．It's the first time that the old computer has_been_checked (check) since I bought it. 6．Great changes have_taken (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have_been_set (set) up. 7．—We want to sit at the table near the window. —I'm sorry, but it has_been_taken (take) already. 8．It's said that the bridge has_been_closed (close) for repairs for months. Ⅱ.单句写作

1．The_boys_have_been_told_many_times (男孩们已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake, but it doesn't make any difference. 2．We are glad to be told that Li Tao has_been_admitted_to_Fudan_University (已经被复旦大学录取) for his top score

in the Maths Contest. 3．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances (物质) have_been_discovered (已经被发现) in the past years. 4．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has_not_been_decided (没有确定) yet. 5．Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic has_been_changed (改变了)．

6．People's health has_been_greatly_affected (受到了很大的影响) by air, noise and water.

Ⅲ.语段填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) Li Ming：Hi, Lin Tao. How nice to see you on the first day of the new term! Lin Tao：Yes. Nice to see you again. Li Ming：I know that your parents 1.have_been_working (work) in Yushu for about a year. Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao：Of course. Since the earthquake 2.happened (happen), many soldiers 3.have_been_sent (send) there, and many kinds of supplies (物资供应) 4.have_been_carried (carry) there from all over the country. Now, most people there 5.live/are_living (live) a happy life again. Li Ming：How about the schools there? Lin Tao：Several new schools 6.have_been_set_up (set up) and also some schools which 7.were_damaged (damage) in the earthquake 8.have_been_rebuilt (rebuild). So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming：That's wonderful. I'm sure their life will be better and better. When will

your parents

come

back? Lin Tao：They will be back next month.