Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、ComprehendingPPT配套优秀教学设计内容

Students’ book 9:

Unit 2

Sailing the oceans

Reading: Sailing the oceans

Analysis of the text:

This Reading “Sailing the oceans” is an exposition. It uses the form of encyclopedia to show us the information about how the seamen explored the ocean before the modern navigational instruments were invented.

The passage can be divided into 3 parts.

The first part is a general introduction of the text;

The second part is an introduction about how the seamen navigated the ocean with the help of the nature: keeping alongside the coastline seems to have been the most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk; using celestial bodies could plot their positions or work out their latitude；using the seaweed and the wildlife could help them find land; using wind could accelerate the speed; using fog could help them find streams or rivers; using tides and currents could carry ships to their destination .

The third part is an introduction about how the early seamen used the navigational instruments to work out the latitude and the longitude. The seamen used some approximate methods to work out the longitude .At first, they used the speed of the ship and time to calculate their longitude; in the 12th

century, they could calculate longitude using mathematical tables; in the 17th

century, the seamen could use the secure method to measure longitude. The early seamen used the navigational instruments to measure latitude: using the bearing circle to set a straight course; using the astrolabe to identify the position of the ship and find their latitude at sea; using the quadrant to measure how high the stars were above the horizon and the sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes Learning Aims:

1.

Learn and master the key words and expressions

2.

Train the students’ reading ability. Let the students have some

knowledge of early navigational methods. Learn how seamen explored

the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used by sailors before the 17th century when they were navigating the open seas

without seeing the land. Learning Important Points:

1.

Grasp the important words and phrases

Verbs: knot, simplify, update

Nouns: latitude, voyage, mercy, encyclopedia, exploration, pole, equator, horizon, seaweed, tide, log, reference, shortcoming

Adj. & Adv.: minimum, celestial, overhead, offshore, outward, secure, nautical, magnetic, random, awkward, precise, portable, alongside

2．

Understand the general structure of the passage

3.

Grasp the main idea of the passage Learning Difficult Points: 1.

Improve students’ reading ability

2.

Know what to do when we meet difficulties at sea 3.

Train students’ cooperative ability

Learning

Methods: 1.

Skimming

2.

Scanning 3.

Asking others for help Learning

Steps: Step I

Greetings and Lead-in

1. How do you think the seamen found their way before modern navigational instruments were invented?

2. Can you identify these instruments and explain how they are used? Which group wants to tell us what the pictures are?

Step II

Reading

Part A: Fast Reading

1.

Where are these pages from? 2.

How many parts are there in this passage? What are they? 3.

The reading passage mainly wants to tell us ___. A. that keeping alongside the coastlines is the first and most useful form of exploration. B. the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans. C. that finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ship’s

position on a map D. how the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments. 4.

From the reading passage we have learned ___. A. why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seas B. that there is useful information in an encyclopedia C. that early sailors went exploring the sea using their skills and simple instruments D. why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ship’s position

Part B: Careful Reading

1.

According to page 1, match the left part with the right part. Tides and currents

can be used to work out the latitude

Ａ

The North Star

accelerates

the speed

Ｂ

Wind

can be used to plot their position

Ｃ

The sun

identifies the position of a stream or a river

Ｄ

The cloud

indicates

there is land nearby

Ｅ

Fresh seaweed

leads people to land

Ｆ

Birds

carry ships to their destination

Ｇ

Fog

2. How many parts are there on page 2?

3. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?

4. How many methods of finding longitude are mentioned in the first part? What are they?

5. How many instruments are used to find latitude？What are they? 6.What is the relation among the astrolabe, the quadrant and the sextant? Step Ⅲ

Practice

What would you do if you come across the following problem during your voyage? Read the conditions below, then discuss in your group and write down your plans of action to deal with them.

What would you do if

Plan of action You were far from land and a storm

arose You were blown off -course

You wanted to keep a straight

course you were lost with no land in

sight You were offshore but you needed

more food and water You knew your latitude, but did not

know your longitude.

Step IV

Useful Expressions

(Group work)

1. 使……成为可

make it possible to do sth. 2. 在地图上标出船只位置

plot a ship’s position on a map

3. 现代航海技术的帮助

modern navigational aids 4. 听任……摆布

be

at the mercy of

5. 冒的风险最小

carry the minimum amount of risk 6. 熟练的航海探险家

skillful/ accomplished navigators 7. 计算出; 解决

work out 8. 观测岛上的云层

observe the clouds over the islands 9. 在附近

,接近,靠近

be close to

(to为介词) 10. 根据……判断

tell…by…

11. 被用来指明通往陆地的去路be used to show the way to land 12. 筑巢而居的鸟

nesting birds 13. 导航

direct the sailing 14. 加快速度

accelerate the speed 15. 把船送往他们的目的地

carry ships to their destination 16. 一根打结且系在圆木上的绳子a knotted rope tied to a log 17. 这样, 用这种方法

in this way 18. 将……和…. 作比较

compare… with…

把……比作……

compare… to …

19. 确定溪流和江河的位置

identify the position of a stream or river 20. 一种特殊的集多功能于一体的工具

a special all-in-one tool 21.

在海洋中间

in the middle of the ocean

22. 测出精确的读数

be accurate with reading 23. 改进版

updated version 24. 向西运动

move westwards 25. 被扔进……里

be thrown into 26.

….的数字

the number of

27.

与……相关

in

relation to 28.

减少出错的趋势

reduce the tendency to make mistakes 29. 作为一个固定的参照点

as one of the fixed points of reference 30.

使得计数更加精确, 更容易操作

make the calculations more precise and easier to do 31.在水中前进

advance through the water

32.在固定的一段时间内

during a fixed time

33.复杂得数学图表

complicated mathematical table 34. 径直前进

set a straight course 35. 在正午

at midday 36.有联系

be connected

37覆盖了整个天空

cover the whole sky

38.当地时间

local time

39.在地平线之上

above the horizon

40.干某事很难

It is awkward to do sth

41.而不是

rather than

42.通过测量角度来工作

work by measuring the angle 43.在两个固定的物体之间

between 2 fixed objects

44.把…..作为…来用

use …..as….

45.解决了这个理论问题

solve the theoretical problem 46.沿着海岸线航行

keep alongside the coastline 47.在它的最高点

at its highest position 48.在广阔的海上

in

the open sea

49.观察云

observe the clouds

50.航海

sail the ocean

Step Ⅴ

Consolidation

(Individual work)

precise outward nowhere awkward reference

seaweed accelerate mercy

randomly

voyage

alongside approximate

Samuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a (

).One day he was determined to set out on a (

) across an unknown sea to an unknown continent. He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the (

) of the sea. He found on his (

) journey a rocky island. It seemed to be covered in nests. Suddenly, as Samuel looked, an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he was an (

) parcel. It (

) its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the (

) place on the rocks where its nests lay. Once there, it shook itself and throw Samuel in the (

) direction of the nest .There seemed to be (

) to hide but then he noticed lots of (

) on his left and quickly hid under it. The bird landed nearby and pecked (

) at the rocks. Samuel rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff. He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying (

) the

shore! “How Lucy I am!” Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away.

Step Ⅵ

Conclusion and Assignment . After class, please remember all the phrases on the screen and finish exercise 4 on page 14.

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