Learning about Language名师教学视频（文字实录）

Book Four第二单元重要知识点

词汇学习要点

1.statistic (复数statistics)：

n. 数据;统计; 统计数据/资料

According to the statistics, we know the people are living a good life.

2.sunburnt:

adj.

晒黑的

burn (-ed,-ed/burnt, burnt): v.

着火; 燃烧; 烧; 使烧焦;使晒黑; 烧坏; 烧伤; 烧死;

烧毁; 发光; 发亮; 烧焦; 烧糊

His sunburnt face is like that of a farmer.

3.struggle:

v./n.

斗争;拼搏;努力;奋斗

struggle to do…: 努力做…

struggle for (power/ peace): 为(权力/和平)而斗争/努力/奋斗

1)She is struggling to bring up her three children. 2)We must struggle for the world peace.

4. decade: n. 十年;十年期

in this/that decade:

在这/那10年里

1)My cousin went to the USA a decade ago. 2)We have lived here for several decades. 3)In the last decade he has been busy writing his works. 4)Many animals will die out in the next decade.

5. super:

adj.

特级的; 超级的;顶好的

supper: 晚饭

superstar

superman

supergirl

supermarket

superpower 1)She was super when I was ill. 2)The pilot did a super job when he landed the plane.

3)Your idea sounds super.

6.hybrid: adj. 混合的; 杂交的

n .

混血儿;

杂交种

1)Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 2)The beautiful girl is a hybrid.

7. output:

n(c./u.) 产量; 输出

input: n. /v. 输入; 投入

1)Super Hybrid Rice

is the rice that has a high output. 2)The output of the factory has reduced/increased by 10% this year.

2017年10月15日，中国工程院院士袁隆平团队选育的超级杂交稻品种“湘两优900（超优千号）”，15日在河北省硅谷农科院超级杂交稻示范基地，通过了该省科技厅组织的测产验收。平均亩产1149.02公斤，即每公顷17.2吨

(1 hectare = 10000 square meters)。创造了世界水稻单产的最新、最高纪录。

获2000年度国家最高科学技术奖，奖金500万人民币。

7. strain: n.(动物/植物的)品种; 种类; (疾病的)种类;类型

kind: 种类

type: 种类；类型

sort: 种类；类别

1)We will develop a new strain of wheat. 2)There are many strains of diseases in the world.

8.crop: n.

庄稼;农作物;产量

harvest: n./v. 收获; 收割

1)The farmers will get/gather in

the crop in six days. 2)He had a good crop of potatoes last year.

9.hunger:

n. 饥饿; 欲望

v. 使…饥饿; 饥饿

hungry:

adj.

饥饿的

full: 饱的

1)Many people die from/of hunger every year. 2)He has a hunger of knowledge. 3)The flood will hunger many people.

10.disturbing:

adj. 引起烦恼的;令人不安的

disturbed:

adj.烦恼的;有精神病的;不幸的;心神不定的

disturb: v. 打扰;干扰;使中断;使焦虑

1)The letter disturbed the headmaster. 2)After the fire, the persons were disturbed. 3)We are greatly disturbed with/by the disturbing problem. 4)The letter is disturbing.

1 11. expand: v. 使变大;伸展

expansion: n. 扩大; 扩展

spread: v. 传播; 展开; 扩散

(spread – spread – spread) 1)Exercises help expand the chest muscles. 2)The computer industry has

expanded greatly in the county over the last decade.

12. circulate: v.

循环;流传

recycle: v. 循环; 再利用

calculate: v. 计算

1)Rumours began circulating that the Prime Minister was seriously ill. 2)Swimming helps the blood to circulate

in one’s body.

14. thanks to …: 由于; 因为; 幸亏

= owing to = due to = because of= as a result of

1)Thanks to

your immediate help, we have finished the work on time. 2)Thanks to

the bad weather, the match has been put off. 3)Her success is due to her hard work.

15. battle: n. 战役;战斗;战争;较量

v. 搏斗;奋斗

war: n. 战争

campaign: n. 战役

fight: n. 战斗

war – campaign –battle -- fight 1)His son was killed in the battle of Shanghai. 2)She has battled bravely with cancer, and doctors are battling to save her life.

16. rid(rid/ridded, rid, ridding) :

v. 摆脱;(使)除掉

rid sb/sth of…: 使摆脱/除掉…

rid oneself of…: 使自己摆脱…

get rid of…: 扔掉;摆脱;除去/掉;赶走

1) She will rid the kitchen of mice.

2)You should rid yourself of the bad habits.

= You should get rid of the bad habits.

3)We must get rid of the bad man.

17. be satisfied/content with…: 对…感到满意

satisfy:

v. 使满意; 满足

satisfied: 满意的;满足的

satisfying:

v. 使人满意的/满足的

1)Dr. Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.

2)The money will satisfy all the students.

3)Your research is satisfying.

4)We will do what we can to satisfy/meet their need.

18. freedom:

n.

自由;自主

free:

自由的;有空的

;免费的

be free to do sth：

自由做某事

for free：

免费

= free of charge for nothing: 免费;白白地

be free from/of…: 不受…影响/伤害

1)We must fight for our freedom. 2)The people in China have plenty of freedom now.

19. would rather(do…): 宁可; 宁愿

would do… rather than do…

= would rather do…than do…

宁愿做…也不愿做…

1)I would rather live in the countryside. 2)We would rather not give up the project. 3)They would rather die than give up. 4)She would rather fail than cheat in the exam.

…would rather + (that) 句子:

(表示愿望) 宁愿/但愿某人…

从句用一般过去时:

宁愿现在或将来做什么。

从句用过去完成时:

宁愿过去做了什么。

1)I would rather (that) she lived with me. 2)I’d rather they left the square tomorrow. 3)I’d rather I had passed the test last term. 4)I’d rather (that) you hadn’t told him the news that day.

20. therefore: adv.

因此; 所以; 因而

thus: adv.

因此; 所以

so: prep.

因此; 所以

1)He therefore

gave millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 2)We have a growing population

and therefore

we need more food.

●We have a growing population, so we need more food.

3)She wants to enter a key university. Thus/Therefore, she studies harder and harder.

21. equip:

v.

配备; 装备

equipment: u. 装备; 设备

a piece of equipment: 一件装备

equip sb/sth with sth. 用什么装备/配备…

be equipped with:

装备; 配备; 具有; 随身带

equip sb for sth.

使某人有能力做...;

使某人对...有所准备

1)Our classroom is equipped with multimedia. 2) Their army is equipped with modern planes.

3)He is equipped with much experience in teaching. 4)We equip our children with a good education.

25. export:

v. 输出; 出口

n. 输出; 出口。出口产品(复数) export (出口) ---

import (进口) 1)Their rice is usually exported to China. 2)That island exports bananas and sugar. 3)Russia is exporting its fighters to many developing countries. 4)Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.

26.nationality: n. 国籍

nation:

n.

国家; 民族

national:

国家的;民族的

international: 国际的

national flag:

国旗

----What’s your nationality?

----My nationality is Chinese.

2 27.occupation:

n

职业;工作;占领

occupy: v. 占据; 占领;占用;居住

career: n. 职业;事业

be occupied with…:忙于…

be occupied in doing sth：忙于做…

1)What is your occupation(profession/job)? 2)Occupy the Wall Street. 3)She is occupied in preparing her test.

28. personality: 性格;个性;人格

person: n. 人

personal: 个人的;私人的

personally：就个人而言

1)She has a strange personality. 2)The manager likes people with personality.

29. confuse:

v.

使迷惑/为难/糊涂; 搞乱

confused: 困惑的;糊涂的

confusing : 令人迷惑的/困惑的

be confused about…:

对…困惑

be confused by…:

被…弄困惑/糊涂

1)The problem confuses all the people. 2) The persons are confused about/by the result. 3) The timetable is confusing. 4)The confusing problem makes us confused. 5)My Chinese and English books are confused together.

6)Please don’t confuse Australia with Austria.

29.regret: v. 遗憾;惋惜

n.

遗憾;懊悔

(regretted; regretting)

regret that clause…:遗憾;抱歉

I/We regret to say/tell you /inform you…

我/我们遗憾地…

regret doing/having done…:

…: 遗憾/后悔做了某事to one’s regret :

使某人遗憾的是…

1)I didn’t regret the choice I had made.

2)I regret to say

that we can’t stay here any longer.

3)She regretted missing/having missed the film. 4)He regrets that he never went to the college. 5)He regrets not going to college. 6)I regret not to attend the meeting tonight.

30.chemical:

adj.

化学的;关于化学的

n.

化学品

chemistry:

n. 化学

chemist:

n.

化学家;药剂师

at the chemist’s: 在药店

31. organic: 有机的;器官的;组织的

organize/organise: v. 组织;筹办

organization: n. 组织;机构;团体

1)These are organic vegetables. 2)This is an organic disease.

33. fertile:

肥沃的;富饶的

He lives in a fertile valley.

35.production:

n. 生产;制造

product:

n. 产品

produce:

v. 生产;制造;拍摄;制作

n. 农产品

producer: 生产者; 制片人

produce/shoot a film/movie: 拍摄电影

produce electricity: 发电

The production of the new helicopter will start in 2013.

37. build up:

v.

逐渐增强;建立;开发

build up one’s body: 强健身体

build sb./oneself up: 增强体质

build up one’s confidence: 增强信心

1)He has built up a successful business. 2)You should eat more food to build you up. 3)These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.

38. lead to …:

导致;造成(结果);通向

lead sb.to do…: 导致某人做什么

(lead—led---led) 1)Your decision

has led to a heavy loss. 2)Too much work and too little rest often lead to diseases. 3)All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。

39.nutrition:

n. 营养;滋养;食物

nutrient: n. 营养物; 营养品

nutritious: 有营养的; 滋养的

1)Nutrition and exercise are important to our bodies. 2)Fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.

40.mineral:

n.矿物; 矿物质;矿石

This area is rich in minerals.

41. discovery:

n. 发现

discover:

v.

发现

make a discovery:

发现

With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.

42. focus (focused/focussed) (focusing/focussing):

v.

集中;聚焦

n. 焦点;中心点

focus on/upon…: 关注; 集中(注意力,精力等)于…

center on/upon…: 集中在

; 着重在

concentrate on/upon…: 集中(注意力,精力等)于…

put one’s heart into…: 全神贯注于…

1)The discussion focused on five problems. 2) You should focus your attention/mind on your research. 3)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of diseases. 4)Olympus: Focus on life.奥林巴斯: 瞄准生活。

5) All eyes were focused on the heroine.

3 44.reduce:

v. 减少;减缩;降低

decrease: v. 减少;减小;降低

reduce/increase by…:

减少/增加了…

reduce/increase to…:

减少/增加到…

1)The price of the skirt will be reduced by 40%. 2)The price of the skirt will be reduced to 40 dollars. 3)We have reduced expenses this year.

45. keeps…free from /of…:

使…免受(影响, 伤害等);

使不含(有害物) 1)This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals. 2)We put our books in the box to keep them free from dust. 3)You must keep the students free from the flu.

47. root:

n.

根; 根源

1)You shouldn’t damage the tree roots.

2)Money is the root of all evil(邪恶).

48. skim: v.

浏览; 略读

look through…: 浏览

skim (through/over)

…: 浏览

The students will skim(through/over) the passage.

49.underline:

v. 画底线标出;强调

1)Please underline the most important words and phrases in the text. 2)The teacher has underlined the importance of cooperation(合作). 3)Read the underlined sentences. 4)What does the underlined word “multicultural” mean?

50.summary:

n . 总结;摘要;概要

summer:

夏天

in summary = in a/one word: 总之

in other words: 换句话说;也就是说

1)Please write a summary of the text.

2)In summary, you must obey the rules.

51.comment:

n. 评论; 议论

v. 表达意见; 作出评论

make a comment on/upon/about …: 评价/评论…

comment on/upon/about…: 评价/评论…

No comment. 无可奉告

1)The leaders made a comment on our development. 2)We shouldn’t always comment on the woman behind her back. 3)----Can you tell me how many people were killed in the accident?

-----No comment.

52. producer:

n. 生产者(国，公司); 制片人

1)The USA is a producer of high quality wheat. 2)Brazil is a coffee producer. 3)Mike Hill is an actor, a director and a producer.

53.industrial:

adj.工业的; 产业的

industry: n.

工业;产业;制造业

agriculture: n. 农业

agricultural: adj. 农业的

science

：n. 科学;

理科

scientific

：adj. 科学的

scientist：n. 科学家

industrial production:

工业生产

industrial waste/pollution: 工业废物/污染

1)All the industrial workers will strike next week.

2)Japan is an industrial country.

其余部分重要点

1. 以下划线部分的形容词在句中作主语补语：

1)In that country 70 % of the people go to bed hungry every day. 2)After the war, they all went back to their counties, tired and hungry.

3)After the college entrance exams the students came back to the school, exhausted but happy. 4)Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

2. consider doing sth:

考虑做什么

be considered to be/do…: 被认为是/做…

be considered to be doing…: 被认为正在做…

be considered to have done…: 被认为做了…

【thought, believed, supposed, expected, reported, said也可这样用】

3. that, those 代替前面的名词: that: 代物（单数/不可数名词）

those: 代人/物（复数）

1)The population of China is larger than that of Vietnam. 2)I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. 3)The pen in the box is more expensive than that/the one on the desk. 4)The students in Senior 3 are much taller than those in Junior One. 5)The trees

by the river are more expensive than those/the ones on the hill. 6)His sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers. 7)The climate of Beijing is as bad as that of Tianjin. 8)The students in Class 15 study as hard as those in Class

16.

4. while/although/though: 虽然

when: 虽然，可是，然而

1)While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 2)He was able to develop a successful agricultural product when

thousands of other farmers could not. 3)They will go climbing, when they know it will rain heavily.

5. in/while doing…: 在做什么的时候

on/upon doing…: 在做什么的时候

1)In doing so, he collected information from farmers and studied it. 2)In searching to improve the telegraph, Bell had invented the first

telephone. 3)On reading the letter from her father, she wept. 4)On arriving home, I discovered that all the guests had gone.

4 6. with：虽然，尽管，由于，因为

1)With

these discoveries, some farmers are beginning to turn to organic farming. 2)With only two hours to go, we cannot afford to relax. 3)With all her faults, I still love her.

7. more of: 更多; 更大; 更大程度上; 更多地是…

1)We want to see more of you. 我们想经常见到你。

2)Is he more of a scientist or more of a farmer? 3)I am afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. 4)We sold more of the dictionaries, because they include many newly-invented words.

8. It is 比较级

to do…than to do….:

1)It is better to read books than to watch TV. 2)It is more important to read books than to do exercises. 3)It is more necessary to protect the environment than to bring in money.

9.doing: 作结果状语

1)Crops put important minerals back into the soil, making

it ready for crops such as wheat and corn. 2)Football is played in over 100 countries, making

it the most popular sport in the world. 3)His father died in 2006, leaving him 10,000 pounds. 4)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,

killing all four people aboard. 5)He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.

10. forget, remember, regret等接不定式时，表示非谓语动词不定式的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动词ing 形式做宾语时，表示非谓语动词动名词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前:

regret doing/having done…:

因做过什么而后悔/遗憾

regret to say/tell/inform: 遗憾地说/告诉/通知

remember doing/having done…: 记得做过什么

remember to do…: 记住做什么

forget doing/having done…:

忘了做过什么

forget to do…: 忘了做什么

1)I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 2)I remembered giving/having given

the book to your nephew, but he said I didn’t.

3)I remembered to give the book to your nephew yesterday. 4)I forgot to lock the door last night.

5) I forgot locking/having locked the door last night.

11. 以下动词(短语)常接doing形式：

admit 承认

advise 建议

allow 允许

appreciate 感激

avoid 避免

consider 考虑

complete 完成

quit 停止，放弃

delay 推迟

deny 否认

enjoy 喜爱

escape 逃脱

excuse 原谅

fancy 设想

finish 完成

forbid 禁止

forgive 原谅

give up 放弃

imagine 想像

keep 保持

mention 提及

mind 介意

permit 允许

oppose反对

risk 冒险

suggest 建议

practise/practice练习

be/become/get used to doing…:

习惯于

be/become/get accustomed to doing…: 习惯于

devote oneself/时间/钱等

to doing…: 献身/专心于

be devoted to doing…: 献身于；专心于; 致力于

prefer doing A to doing B: 宁愿做A事

而不愿做B事

look forward to doing…: 盼望

get down to doing…: 着手，开始

in addition to doing…: 除了做…（还）

1)I’ve enjoyed seeing you and talking about old times.

2)He suggested going to Tibet together in one car.

3)They are practicing singing the new song.

4)We are looking forward to seeing you again next spring. 5)Get down to marking the exam papers at once, or you will be fired by the headmaster. 6)She devoted her life to delivering babies for poor women in the countryside.

12. 本单元的一些短语：

make a difference (to sb/sth):

(对…)有作用/影响/关系/区别

(some/much/a great deal of/no) It makes …/no difference (to sb/sth) that…:

(对…)有作用/影响/关系/区别

result from: 由…导致/引起

result in: 导致

the World Health Organization（WHO）: 世界卫生组织

developing country: 发展中国家

developed country: 发达国家

less developed country: 欠发达国家

care about:

担心，关心

care for:

喜欢，照顾，养活

awake from…: 从…醒过来

wake up = awake: 醒过来，弄醒

with this method: 用这种方法

wash off: 洗掉, 冲洗掉

be rich/high/low/poor in…: 在…方面丰富/高/低/差

have an/no effect/ influence on/upon…:

对…有(无)影响/作用

in ancient China: be lost/deep in thought:

在中国古代

沉思

knock…out of…:

把…敲打出来，使退出

keep/bear…in mind: 记住, 记起，考虑

have…in mind: 考虑, 想，计划

have…on one's mind: 担忧，担心

if so: 假如是这样

if not: 假如不是这样

1)The weather forecast says it will rain hard. If so, the farmers will grow rice this year.. 2)The weather forecast says it will rain hard. If not, the farmers won’t grow rice this year. from…to…:

从某地到某地

from…to/till/until…:

从某时到某时

5 英语书面表达的一些经典句式：

1)There are three reasons for this.

这个有3个原因。

2)The reasons for this are as follows.

这个的原因如下。

3)It is important/necessary/possible for sb.to do sth.

某人做什么是重要的/必要的/可能的。

4)We/I think it necessary(important) to do sth. 我/我们认为做什么是必要的/重要的。

5)Nothing is more important than (to do) something.

没有什么比…更重要。

6)We should take some effective measures

to do… 我们应该采取有效措施来做什么。

7)Great changes have taken place in …

in/over/during the past 40 years.

在过去40年在…发生了一些/巨大变化。

8)With the development of …

随着的发展…

9)No one can deny the fact that...:

任何人都不能否认这个事实…

10)Compared with the top students in our school, I will have to work harder. 11)In my opinion/view/eyes, we should….

依我的看法/主张，我们应该…

12)It is well-known that...

众所周知…

13)As is known to all/ As we all know,

众所周知/正如我们所知，

14) There is no doubt that…

…毫无疑问…

15)I take/hold a negative/positive view of….

我对…持否定/肯定观点。

16)I am for/against the opinion that…

我支持/反对…

17)Different people observes it in different

ways.

不同的人用不同的方法看它。

18)People have/take different attitudes towards/to sth.

人们对…有不同态度。

19)Just as every coin has two sides, …have both advantages and disadvantages．

就像硬币都有两面一样，……既有有利，又有不利。

20)As far as I am concerned, I agree with the 29)What is most important to sb is…..

latter/former opinion.

对某人来说最重要的是…

就我而言，我赞成后/前一种观点。

30)In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum，it can 21)When it comes to (doing) something, some be said that ...

总而言之，可以说……

people think …当说到…的时候，有些人认为…

22)Only in this way…, will/can we……:

只有这样，我们才能…

23)As the old saying says/goes, …

正如谚语所说…

24)Yesterday we had a heated/hot discussion

about whether…:

昨天我们班就是否什么进行了激烈的讨论。

25)What surprises/astonishes/shocks sb. most is…:

最使某人惊奇/震惊的是…

26)What delights/excites/interests sb. most is …

最使某人高兴/兴奋/感兴趣的是…

27)What frightens/disappoints/worries sb.

most is …

最使某人害怕/失望/担忧的是…

28)What moves sb. most is ……

最使某人感动的是…

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