Learning about Language第二课时教学设计

Unit 2

Working the land

Topic: important people; history and methods of agriculture. Vocabulary: statistics, sunburnt, struggle, decade, super, output,, crop, hunger, disturbing, expand, circulate, Vietnam, battle, rid, freedom, therefore, equip, grain, export nationality, occupation, confuse, regret, chemical, production, bacteria, pest, nutrition, mineral, discovery, focus, soil, reduce, root, skim, underline, summary, comment; thanks to; rid…of; be satisfied with; would rather; build up; lead to; focus on; keep…free from / of Function: I`d rather…….

If I have a choice I will choose…..

It is better to……

What is the advantage of……?

You need to…….

The advantages are……..

I would prefer…. Because……

This is good value because……..

I don`t like …..because…..

It is a great pity that…..

You will taste the difference when…….. Grammar: The --ing form as the subject and object Poverty facts and statistics:

1) Half the world- nearly three billion people-live on less than two dollars a day.

2) The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the poorest 48 nations (a quarter of the world`s countries) is less than the wealth of the world`s three richest people combined.

3) Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to read a book or sign their names.

4) Less than one per cent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it did not happen.

5) 1 billion children live in poverty (1 in 2 children in the world). 640 million live without adequate shelter; 400 million have no access to safe water; 270 million have no access to health services. 10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached the age of 5 (roughly 29,000

children per day)

Some information about the WTO (World Health Organization) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

The first period: Warming Up and Reading Important points:

Let students learn more about Yan Longping and his hybrid strain of rice. Get students to learn different reading skills. Difficult points:

1

Develop students` reading skills. Enable students to talk about Yuan Longping and his hybrid strain of rice. Knowledge aims: Get students learn some useful words and expressions: statistic, sunburnt, struggle, decade, super, output, crop, hunger, disturbing, expand, circulate, Vietnam, battle, rod, freedom, therefore, equip, grain, export, nationality, occupation, thanks to, rid… of, be satisfied with, would rather, World Health Organization

Step 1 Leading in and warming up 1. Have a free talk with students too discuss the following questions. Have you ever been to countryside? What did you see or do there? Are you from a farmer`s family? What do you know about farming? 2. Stable food: Wheat, rice, corn, bean, ….. 3. Some farming steps: select the seeds →plough the soil →turn over the soil →sow the seeds →remove the weeds →fertilize →grow the young plants →insert the young plants →harvest

Step 2 Pre-reading Turn to page 10, look at the title of the reading passage and the pictures and then predict what the passage is going to talk about.

1. Let the student read the statistics and discuss the following questions: Did you know these facts before? What problems do they show? The world produces enough food for everyone. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day. 2. Let students imagine and discuss the following question: What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?

Step 3 Reading 1. Fast reading: Ask students to read the text fast and then answer the following questions: Who became the first agricultural pioneer in the world in 1974 to grow rice that has a high output? What are his achievements? (His achievements: grow super hybrid rice that has a high output; circulate his knowledge abroad; give money to equip others for their research.)

2. Intensive reading: Read the passage carefully to find out the main idea about the text: Find out the main idea of each paragraph and match the following headings with the right paragraphs: Paragraph

A. Dr Yuan Longping`s dream. 1

2

Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 B. Dr Yuan Longping`s personality. C. Dr Yuan Longping`s biography.

D. Dr Yuan Longping`s appearance and his achievement.

3. Choose the best answers according to the text: 1). Dr Yuan Longping looks like ---------.

A. a scientist

B. a strong man

C. a farmer

D. a pioneer 2). What has he been doing for so many years?

A. he Has been working in the rice field like other farmers. B. he has been doing research to raise the output of rice. C. he has been managing a large farm. D. he has been carrying out experiment in his lab. 3). Dr Yuan Longping`s main achievements in his lab? A. he has helped other less-developed countries. B. he has earned a lot of money from his research. C. he has helped the United Nations to get rid of hunger in the world. D. he has greatly raised the production of rice. 4). What`s his attitude to money?

A. he tries his best to earn enough money. B. he thinks that one should own a large sum of money in his life. C. he doesn`t value money very much. D. he hates money and thinks it is nothing.

(Suggested answers: CBDC)

4. Discuss and answer these questions based on your understanding of the passage. 1). Why did Yuan Longping want to increase the rice output when he was young? (He wanted to increase the rice output because he saw many people go hungry when he was young.) 2). Is Yuan Longping more of a scientist or more of a farmer? Do you think he is a businessman? (I think he is more of a scientist, although he works in the fields like a farmer. His main purpose is not to make a profit for himself but to study agriculture and use that knowledge to improve farming for farmers everywhere. I do not think he is a businessman, because his goal is not to make money.) 3). How would you describe Dr Yuan`s personality? Use three or four adjectives. (Because of his work with developing hybrid rice, it seems that Dr Yuan must be a very patient and careful man. He did not give up but kept working on his project. He also seems to be a very kind man, who cares for others. He wants to use his invention to help hungry people around the world.) 4). Dr Yuan was able to develop a successful agricultural product when thousands of other farmers could not. What do you think is the main reason for his success?

3

(I think Dr Yuan was successful because he kept working and did not give up. He was also very motivated to succeed and help other farmers around China.) 5). Dr Yuan thinks that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. Do you agree or disagree? Why? (I mostly agree. I think being rich can cause a lot of problems, but it really depends on the life and attitude of the person who is rich. People who are rich certainly have different problems from people who are not.) 6). Dr Yuan developed super hybrid rice to help Chinese farmers and hungry people around the world. Can you think of any other major development that would make a difference to would hunger? Write out your ideas and then compare it with your partner. (I think developing other hybrid grains would make a great difference in the problem of world hunger. Hybrid grains that can survive in very dry or very hot areas would be very useful in Africa and other areas. Hybrid grains that cannot easily be killed by insects and diseases would be useful around the world.)

5. 根据课文内容填空。

Name Yuan Longping Nationality

Chinese Occupation

Scientist Age

He is 82 years old in 2012. Education

He graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Hobbies

Listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Life goal

Finding ways to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. Dreams

Rice plants could be as well as sorghum. He wants to export his rice to other countries. Achievements

He developed super hybrid rice which produces one-third more of the crop in the same fields. His rice has made 22% of the world`s people fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. He is now circulating his knowledge in other countries.

Step 4 Post-reading 1. Get students to read the text carefully and paraphrase some difficult sentences. 1). As a young man he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 2). At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the world. 3). Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before. 4). Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 5). Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.

2. Have students in groups of four take a group discussion and then report to the

4

class.

Step 5 Consolidation 1. Let the students us the information to complete the following about Yuan Longping. Name

Yuan Longping Nationality Chinese Birth In 1930; in a poor farmer`s family;

Occupation Scientist of farming Education Southwest Agriculture College, in 1953 Personality Care little about money and fame Dream His first dream: rice plants as well as sorghum, each ear of rice as big as an ear of corn. Each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. His second dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the world. Achievement

Growing rice that has a high output; circulating his knowledge abroad; giving money to equip others for their research. Hobby Listening to violin music; playing mah-jong; swimming and reading

2. Ask some students to retell the story about Yuan Longping according to the notes above.

Step 6 Closing down by a discussing

Show them some pictures for them to see and have a discussion: For reference: The measures taken t rid the world of hunger. Invent a new kind of plant to produce more food. Find a sort of fertilizer to give rice enough nutrition. Stop the pollution to the environment and protect the soil in the field. ………. Step 7 Homework Learn the useful words and expressions by heart. Read the reading passage carefully again and try to retell it.

The second period: Learning about Language: Important language points

Important points: Enable students to grasp the usage of such important new words and expressions as: struggle, expand, therefore, export, thanks to, rid… of be satisfied with, would rather, etc. Get students to master the patterns “This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.” And “Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.”

5

Difficult points: get students to master some long and difficult sentences.

Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises. Ask some students to talk about Dr Yuan Longping and his super hybrid rice.

Step 2 Practice for some useful words and expressions Turn to page 12 and get them to do some exercises, if necessary, give them some explanations.

Step 3 Studying important language points 1. struggle: try to overcome difficulty; make great efforts. The two leaders are struggling for power. We must struggle against this prejudice. 2. make it + adj. / n. + to do …. The fine weather makes it possible for us to go for an outing tomorrow. Wherever he is, he makes it a rule to read newspaper every morning.

We found it pleasant to work with her.

She feels it necessary for us to learn a foreign language well.

I consider it a honour to have been invited to here. 3.

Collecting information is very important to businessman.

Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. search a place for:

He searched her drawer for the pen.

search sb. for sth. The police searched the thief for the stolen wallet. 4. expand: cause sth. to become greater in size, number or importance. The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve. The company has expanded operation in Stanford by opening a new branch office here. The eagle expands his wings. The shipbuilding industry is rapidly expanding. 5. thanks to: because of

I was late thanks to the traffic. Thanks to Mr Smith, I can walk around again now. It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded. 6. rid: make …. Free from; remove

Rid sb. / sth. of sb. / sth.

Be / get rid of: become free from You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to irretrievable(无法挽回的) errors. The shop ordered 200copies of the book and now it can`t get rid of them.

He was a boring man! I am glad to be rid of him.

6

7. 形容词原级as…

as….的前面可以用表示倍数的词(如half, a quarter, twice, three times 等), 意思是”是…..多少倍”

You are not half as clever as you think you are. The bedroom is twice as large as the kitchen. We got four times as many guests as we had expected. 8. be satisfied with: be contended with Father is not at all satisfied with Mary`s school work. I was very satisfied with the result. 9. care about:

She seldom has time to care about what her husband says and does. It is dangerous to get into the matter but he seems to care little about that. 10. would rather: prefer to do sth. Jane would rather stay at home than go to the party. I would rather tell him about it myself than let him find it out from other people. 11. therefore: for that reason I was ill, and therefore could not come. He has broken his leg and therefore he can not walk. We don`t have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car. 12. in / with the hope of: because of the wish for I called in the hope of finding her at home. He went to see his boss with the hope of getting a rise in his salary. I decided to talk to her father with the hope of persuading him to let her go to school. 13. export: send goods to another country for sale This company has a large home market but does not export. India exports tea and cotton to many different countries.

Step 5 Using words, expressions and patterns Do the exercises in Using words and expressions on page 49 and then check with the students all.

Step 6 Homework Finish off the workbook exercises. Learn the new words and expressions by heart.

The third period: Learning about language: Grammar Important points: Let students learn and grasp which verbs are followed by the –ing from as the object and which by the infinitive. Difficult points: How to get the students to learn and grasp which verbs are followed by the

7

–ing from as the object and which by the infinitive but express different meanings.

Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises. Have a dictation: statistic, sunburnt, struggle, decade, super, output, crop, hunger, disturbing, expand, circulate, Vietnam, battle, rod, freedom, therefore, equip, grain, export, nationality, occupation, thanks to, rid…

of, be satisfied with, would rather, World Health Organization

Step 2 Leading in 1. Ask students to turn to page 10 to read through the passage A Pioneer for all peole, pick out the sentences using the –ing form as either the subject or the object, and then underline the –ing form in each sentence and translate the whole sentence. 1). Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 2). As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 3). Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 4). However, he doesn`t care about being famous. 5). He enjoys listening violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 6). Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 7). Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. 8). Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 2. Get students read and discuss these sentences to find out the rules.

Step 3 Grammar learning 1. 动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语的用法

1). 动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语, 既是动名词. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. He enjoys fishing. 2). 动名词依然保持其动词的性质, 所以后面可以接宾语或副词性修饰语, 构成动名词短语. Reading books widens our knowledge. I do not like swimming in a pool. 3). 动名词既可以作动词宾语, 又可以作介词宾语. I remember seeing her. Do not be afraid of speaking English. 4). 动名词做主语时, 谓语动词用单数. Chatting with them improves our mind.

2. 下列动词后用动名词做宾语: admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid,

8

complete, consider, delay, deny(否认), enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone(延期), practice, quit(停止), suggest, stop, put off(推迟), give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, can`t help

3.下列动词后接动名词和不定式, 意义基本相同: like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start, cease(停止), continue, intend, prefer(更喜欢)等.

4. 下列动词接不定式或动名词, 意义有区别. 1). forget / remember / regret + -ing : 已经做了

forget / remember / regret + to do sth. 还没有做

2). mean to do sth. 打算做….

mean doing sth. 意味着…. 3). try doing sth. 尝试做某事

try to do sth. 设法做某事

5. 动词need, want和require作

“

需要”

时, 做宾语的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于不定式的被动形式.

Step 4 Grammar practice 1. Turn to page 13 and ask students to do the exercises 2-4 in Discovering useful structures. 2. Turn to page 50 and ask students to do exercises 1-2

Step 5 Asking and answering

Let students work in pairs, asking and telling one another the following: What you love / like / hate doing and why. What you are interested in doing some day in the future. What city or country would you enjoy visiting and why.

Step 6 Closing down by a quiz. 1. →What made you so upset? →_____ two tickets to the pop music concert.

A. losing

B. Because o losing

C. To lose

D. Because I had lost 2. →There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-od man. →My goodness! I can`t imagine____ that old.

A. to be

B. to have been

C. being

D. having been 3. The old lady needs______.

A. look after

B. to look after

C. looking after

D. being looked after 4. He has got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn`t risk ------ the good opportunity.

9

A. to lose

B. losing

C. to be lost

D. being lost 5. I can`t stand ----- with Joan in the same office. She just refuses ----- talking while she works.

A. working; stopping

B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop

D. to work; to stop 6. If you think that training a woman well means always ----- her permission for things, think again. A. gets

B. got

C. to get

D. getting 7. It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ----- the answers ready will be of great help.

A. to have had

B. having had

C. have

D. having 8. After he became conscious, he remembered ----- and ---- on the head with a rod.

A. to attack; hit

B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit

D. having been attacked; hit 9. It was difficult to imagine his ------ the decision without any consideration.

A. accept

B. accepting

C. to accept

D. accepted 10. All the staff in our company are considering ----- to the city center for the fashion show.

A. to go

B. going

C. to have gone

D. having gone 11. ----Lucy, you seem to be sensitive about the need of the old.

---- Yes. _____ after my grandmother in hospital has changed me a lot. A. Looked

B. Looking

C. Look

D. To look 12. --- People should stop _____ their cars and start using public transport.

---- Right. The roads are too crowded now. A. using

B. to use

C. use

D. to using 13. I think it no pleasure _____ with strangers on the Internet. I enjoy ____ with my friends face to face. A. to chat; talking

B. chatting; to talk

C. to chat; to talk

D. chatting; talking

14. The robbers can not escape _____. They will be caught by the police sooner or later. A. punishing

B. being punished

C. to punish

D. to be punish 15. The park isn`t far away from our home. My brother, Jack, suggests ____ there on foot. A. to have gone

B. having gone

C. going

D. to go 16. The time and effort Mr Lee has devoted from the past few years to ____ trees in that remote area is now considered to be of

great value.

A. plant

B. have planted

C. planted

D. planting 17. --- Do you regret ____ up your position in that company?

---- Yes. If I were there, I would be a chief manager now. A. giving

B. to give

C. given

D. being given 18. ---- I want to try _____ tennis this year. Would you like to teach me?

---- I would like to if I am free.

A. to play

B. playing

C. to playing

D. play 19. In order to improve your oral English, you should set aside some time to practice

10

_____ English every day. A. spoken

B. speak

C. speaking

D. having spoken 20. Can you imagine the difficulty the government had _____ the villagers to leave here and to settle in the North? A. persuade

B. to persuade

C. persuaded

D. persuading

(The answers:

ACCBC

DDDBB

BADBC

DABCD)

Step 7Homework 1. Finish off the homework exercises. 2. Preview the reading passage Chemical organic farming? On page 14, find the sentences in which –ing forms are used, and see if you can understand them.

The forth period: Using Language: Extensive reading

In this period, the teaching emphasis will be put on developing students` reading ability by reading extensively. We will deal with two passage: Chemical or organic farming in Using language on page 14 and An early farmer pioneer in Reading Task on page 52. Important points: Develop students` reading ability by extensive reading. Difficult points:

How to get students to master the skills of scanning, skimming and enable them learn to write a summary after their reading. Knowledge aims: Get students to learn some useful words and expressions: chemical, production, bacteria, nutrition, discovery, focus, soil, reduce, root, skin, pest, underline, summary, build up, lead to, keep ….free from / of, comment

Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Ask students to translate the sentences into English. 1). 出国旅游是很激动人心的. (Traveling abroad can be very exciting.) 2). 在这儿等是没用的, 咱们走回去吧. (It is no use waiting here. Let`s walk back.) 3). 我喜欢唱歌, 更不用说听音乐了. (I enjoy singing, much more listening music.) 4). 我记得在哪儿见过你. (I remember seeing her somewhere.) 5). 我后悔没有听你的劝告. (I regret not following your advice.) 6). 即使最聪明的孩子, 也需要指教.

11

(Even the cleverest child needs teaching.)

Step 2 warming up Ask students what they know about organic farming. Show students some pictures to help them understand chemical and organic farming.

Step 3 Reading

1. Turn to page 14, look at the picture and the title of the passage to predict the content.

2. Get students to read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. 1). Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today? (Because many farmers welcomed chemical fertilizers as a great way to stop disease and increase products.) 2). What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizer? (Using chemical fertilizer can mainly cause three problems. First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as harmful ones. Second, chemicals stay in the ground and underground water, which affects crops, therefore, animals and humans. In addition, chemical fertilizers make fruit, vegetables and other food grow too fast to be of much nutrition.)

3). What is organic farming? (Organic farming is simply farming without using chemicals.)

4). What is the main reason for using organic farming?

(The main reason for using organic farming is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people`s health.)

3. Find and write down the methods and advantages in the passage. Methods of organic farming

Advantages of methods Farmers use natural waste from This makes the soil richer in materials and so animals. more fertile. They change the kind of crop in Crops such as peas or soybeans put important each field every few years. minerals back into the soil and make it rich and fertile. They plant crops to use different This makes the wind and water not carrying levels of soil. away the soil and all the richness of the soil used.

4. Ask students to read the text carefully to find out the collocations: over the past half century, for a long time, get inside, wash off, food supply, build up, over time, chemical fertilizer, crop disease, long-term use of, cause damage to, underground water, lead to, in addition, too…to, be full of, turn to, organic farming, focus on, keep…free of, reduce disease, prefer doing sth. natural waste from animals, put down, prevent from, carry away, avoid doing, people`s health

12

Step 4 Important language points 1. affect: have an effect on; produce effect on; cause sb. to having feelings of sadness or sympathy; Smoking affects health. The tax increases have affected us all. She was deeply affected by the news. 2. wash…off: be removed from the surface of a material by washing The grease stains(油渍) won`t wash off. Please wash that mud off your boots before you come in. 3. build up: become greater, more numerous or more intense Traffic is building up on roads into the city. Tension built up as the crisis approached. build oneself / sb. up: make oneself / sb. healthier or stronger You need more protein to build you up. build sth. up: develop, increase or strengthen something gradually Build up a fine reputation. Build up one`s strength after an illness. 4. lead to: have sth. as its result hard work leads to success. This misprint(印刷错误) led to great confusion. 6. focus: center of activity, interest; concentrate on sth. Because his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attraction when he entered the office. You must try to focus your mind on work and study. Please your attention on the teacher`s work. I am too tired to focus on anything. 7. reduce: make sth. smaller in size, number, degree or price. The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost nil(零). 8. prefer sth. to sth. / prefer doing sth. / prefer to do sth.

Which of the two dresses do you prefer? He prefers tea to coffee. He prefers walking home to taking a bus. He prefers to stay alone rather than gossip with his co-workers in his spare time. 9. rich in: producing or having a large supply of sth. Shanxi is a province rich in coal. This kind of fish is rich of oil, which is good for people who have heart trouble. 10. keep…. Free from / of: make …not harmed by sth. dangerous, not spoilt by sth. unpleasant.

We should keep women and children free from harm and pain. The villages have taken measures to keep the river free of pollution. 11. every:

13

There is a tree very four meters on both sides of the road. 12. avoid: keep oneself away from; stop sth. happening, prevent I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. To avoid confusion, the teams wore different clothes. Young ladies should learn to spend money carefully and avoid extravagance(浪费). Are you trying to avoid me?

Step 5 Reading Task 1. Have a free talk with students about Chinese agriculture in the past. Ask them the question: do you know about Qia Si xie or Qi Min Yao Shu? 2. Get students to read a passage titled An early farmer pioneer to general idea and then fill in the chart.

Advice for farmers Keeping seeds Hang seed-heads up to dry all winter, knock seeds out when they are sown Choosing seeds Choose ones with the best color Way to get rid of Let animals eat them before planting

weeds(1) Way to get rid of Turn the soil over and cover the seeds weeds(2) Autumn ploughing Deep ploughing Spring ploughing

Less deep ploughing Crops

Change crops grown in the same field every year.

Step 6 Consolidation Get them to write a summary in their own words.

Step 7 Homework Finish off the Workbook exercises. Learn the useful words and expressions by heart. Tell something about organic farming and its advantages.

The fifth period: Using language: listening and speaking

Important points: Develop students` listening and speaking abilities by listening some materials and using the useful expressions. Difficult points: Get students to listen to the materials clearly and speak correctly by using the expressions.

14

Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Do some translating exercises.

1). 晨炼能增强体质. (Morning exercise can build our bodies up.) 2). 他的惰性使他考试没有及格. (His laziness led to his failure in the examination.) 3). 橙子含有丰富的维他命C. (Oranges are rich in Vitamin C.) 4). 你应该把注意力集中在工作和学习上. (You must try to focus your mind on work and study.) 5). 村民们已经采取措施使小河无污染. (The villagers have taken measures to keep the river free of pollution.) 6). 他不愿意乘公交车, 更愿意步行回家. (He prefers walking home to taking a bus.) 7). 商店已经把价格降到了每千克五美元. (They have reduced the price to five dollars per kilogram in the shop.)

Step 2 Warming up Ask students to turn to page 15 to prepare to listen to the material.

Step 3 Listening Play the tape for students to listen after they have prepared the exercises several times.

Step 4 Listening Task (on page 48) Play the tape for them to listen and then do some exercise.

Step 5 Speaking Turn to page 51. get students to do some exercises after having listened to a student`s report on ancient farming.

Step 6 Homework Read the listening texts again and know more about farming.

The sixth period: Using language: Speaking and writing

In this period, the teaching activities will focus on speaking and writing. These activities offer students the opportunity to think about the advantages of “

green food”

or food grown by organic farming methods. It helps students to develop an argument to try to persuade others that their ideas are correct.

15

Important points: Develop students` speaking and writing abilities. Let students learn how to persuade others using the expressions of persuasion. Get students to learn to design a poster advertising the safety and importance of eating “green food”. Difficult points: Develop students` speaking and writing abilities. Knowledge aims: Learn the expressions:

You need to…..

It is better to…..

This is good value because….

The advantages are…..

It is most expensive….

You will taste the difference when….

I would prefer…because…..

I don`t like because…..

If I have a chance, I will…..

What `s the advantage of….

I would rather…..

It is great pity that…..

Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises. Ask some students to talk about organic farming.

Step 2 Warming up Ask some students to discuss the questions: 1. What do you think “green food” is? How good is it? 2. Do many people know about “green food” in your hometown? How do you let more people know about it?

Step 3 Speaking 1. Show the useful expressions for students to read and use: You need to…..

It is better to…..

This is good value because….

The advantages are…..

It is most expensive….

You will taste the difference when….

I would prefer…because…..

I don`t like because…..

If I have a chance, I will…..

What `s the advantage of….

I would rather…..

It is great pity that…..

2. Get students to read the short passage and make sure they understand it. 3. Suppose a situation: have a conversation in pairs, with on student as the farmer and the other as the customer. The farmer is persuading the customer to buy his or her “green food”. Allow them several minutes to make a dialogue.

Step 4 Writing Ask students to design their own poster advertising the safety and importance of eating “green food”. Main heading This explains that you sell green food. Reasons to buy: Reason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3

16

Reason 4 Why it is good value. Sample poster: Buy the Best Vegetables here We only sell green food in this farm shop! Best choice at best prices! Green food is safe and healthy for you and all your family. Look 1

no chemical fertilizers 2

grow in clean air 3

grown with clean water 4

no pesticides to poison your family You and your family will stay fit and healthy if you eat green food. This is one step on the road to a healthy diet!

Step 5 Speaking task

1. Turn to page 53 and read the directions to make sure they know what to do.

2. Students are ready to begin to discuss the following questions in pairs and take notes on their conclusions.

What ideas in Qi Min Yao Shu are stil useful in farming today?

What problems do we have today in modern farming that Jia Sixie did not have in their time?

Step 6 Writing Task

Get students to writ a report about Jia Sixie`s ideas that are still important today.

Step 7 Homework

Finish off the workbook exercises.

Review the contents of the unit and complete Summing up on page 16.

补充练习

1. Word spelling. 1). The shopkeeper struggled with the thief. 2). This golf course expands to the riverside. 3). During the school holidays the children enjoyed their freedom. 4). Richard is American, and John is British—they have different nationalities. 5). I was confused by the noise. 6). A chemical (化学的) change takes place in any substance when it burns. 7). Production (产量) of computers has increased double in the last few weeks. 8). His discoveries (发现) included 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes.

17

9). If you do not cook your food well, it might have bacteria (细菌) and cause illness. 10). Everyone commented (作出评论)on her new hat. 11). For many years, she has been struggling (斗争) for the equal rights of women in the workplace. 12). Italian food is so popular that it has been exported (出口) to many other countries.

13). Now, the world`s main focus (焦点) is the 2012 Olympic Games which will be held in London. 14). The air doesn`t circulate (循环) very freely in your room, so you may become sick easily. 15). People should have a balanced diet and take kinds of nutrition (营养) every day to keep healthy. 16). The universe is said to be expanding all the time. That is to say, it is becoming bigger and bigger.

17). There is still much to discuss. We shall, therefore, return to this item at tomorrow`s meeting. 18). Much to my regret, I am unable to attend your party, for I have lots of work to do tonight. 19). Once the new bridge is completed, it will reduce the traveling time from one hour to twenty minutes. 20). We welcome your comments on our work and at the same time give us some advice.

2. Complete the following sentences. 1). This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same field (使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量). 2). Thanks to his research (多亏了他的研究), the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger (消除世界饥饿). 3). Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before (比以前多一倍). 4). Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life (很满意他的生活). However, he doesn`t care about being famous (对自己的出名并不在意). 5). Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that it could feed more people (希望能种植一种可以养活更多人的水稻). 6). Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 7). These chemicals in the food supply build up in people`s bodies (在人体里逐渐积累) over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illness (引起癌变或其他的疾病). 8). They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease (把注意力集中在保持土

18

壤肥沃并且免受病害). 9). They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals (更含矿物质) and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals (让空气, 水, 土壤以及农作物不受化学物质的污染). 10). These many different organic farming methods (无机耕种办法) have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people`s health (不对环境和人类健康造成危害). 11). It`s too hot today. I would rather stay at home than go fishing with my father. (stay) 今天太热了，我宁愿呆在家里也不远和爸爸去钓鱼。

12). The Smiths have tried many ways but still can`t rid their house of ants completely. (rid) 斯密斯一家试了很多方法也不能完全除去房子里的蚂蚁。

13). Reducing unemployment is the focal point of the government`s plans. (reduce) 减少失业人数是政府计划的重点。

14). The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works that are known to us. (know) 发言人将会说一些我们熟知的作家和他们的作品。

15). While shopping, people sometimes can`t help being persuaded into buying something they don`t really need. (persuade) 购物时, 人们有时会情不自禁地被人说服买些他们不是真正需要的商品。

16). At the crossroads was a cottage, in front of which sat an old woman. (sit) 在十字路口处有一个农庄，

在农庄前坐着一个老太太。

17). Our English teacher often says remembering many more new words is of great help to us during the exam. (remember)

我们的英语老师经常说记更多的新词汇在考试时会对我们很有帮助。

18). After a short rest, Maggie went on struggling to finish the difficult task. (struggle) 短暂休息之后, Maggie接着努力去完成这个困难的任务. 19). All the preparation work for the new project has been finished, and we can start it at any time. (finish) 新工程的所有准备工作已经完成，我们随时可以开工. 20). The figures clearly show that a child`s vocabulary expands through reading. (expand) 图表清晰地说明一个孩子的词汇量可以通过阅读得到扩大。

3. 请用下面方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。

Thanks to; rid….of; be satisfied with; would rather; build up; lead to; focus on; care about; keep….free from; with the hope of 1). With the help of my classmate, I have made rapid progress and built up my confidence.

19

2). Her father decided to talk to Ms Smith with the hope of persuading her to be his daughter`s tutor after school. 3). Thanks to the timely treatment, the injured girl in the school bus crash was saved. 4). I tried to rid the wall of the dirty spots, but I could not wash them off completely. 5). I am not interested in watching the football match in the stadium, so I would rather stay at home to do something else. 6). Can you imagine that the president of a large firm does not care about his outlook very much? 7). Efforts do not necessary lead to good achievements if the effort-maker is too anxious succeed. 8). The smile on Mr Green`s face suggested that he was satisfied with the result of the talk. 9). Many companies have begun to focus on serving the needs of people with their products since the incident. 10). Miss Lee always does housework with rubber gloves to keep her hands free from the chemical materials.

20