Learning about Language优秀完整教案

Unit3 Computers (Learning about language)

教学目标:Learn the grammar knowledge of the passive voice of the present perfect tense. 教学重难点：The structure of the passive voice of the present perfect tense. 教学步骤：

Step 1:

Leading-in Observe the following sentences, and find something in common. (1)Over time I have been changed quite a lot.

(2)That book has been translated into at least 12 foreign languages.

现在完成时的被动语态的谓语构成形式：

have / has + been + done

（肯定式）

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I _____________(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s. 2. I never forget anything I _____________ (tell)! 3. Since the 1970s many new applications ______________ (find) for me. 4. I _____also ________(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 5. I _____ even ________(put) into space rockets and _____(send) to explore the Moon and Mars. Step 2: Introduction:现在完成时被动语态的概念、构成、用法：

Ⅰ.概念：

1. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

2. 主语是行为动作的承受者。

【注意】

1. 过去分词前有两个助动词have/has和been。

2. 必须表示被动。

eg: The party has been planned since the new year. II.构成：

Her motorbike has been stolen. 肯定式: have / has + been + done

They haven’t been told about it yet. 否定式：

have / has + not + been+done

Have his books been sold out?

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—Yes. So you can’t buy one now.

一般疑问句形式：Have / Has +主语+ been+done How many experiments have been done by the students this month? 特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+have / has +been+done...? 【即学即练】

Making up sentences using present perfect passive voice: The buildings __________________in the earthquake. The machine _______________by the computer. A new bridge _____________in our city. Many trees ________________along the road. Ⅲ. 用法: 1. 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。

e.g. The door has been locked. 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long...? 句型中。

【即学即练】

(1) (2017·江苏高考) He _________________ (inform) that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.

(2) How long has the machine ___________ (use)?

【注意】

1) 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 2) 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

e.g. The orphans have been taken good care of here．

孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾

3)一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。

e.g. My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. Step 3:Exercises Ⅰ.【高考链接】单句语法填空

1. (2018·北京高考) Much of the debate so far _______________ (focus) on the safety of driverless cars. 到目前为止，大部分争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全问题上。

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2. (2017•天津高考)I feel that I _______________ (give) a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous. 我觉得我已经有了第二次生命去献身于有意义和巨大的事情。

3. (2016·浙江高考) Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which

_______________ (prove).

就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出来许多理论,但没有一项理论得到过证明。

4. (2016·天津高考) The dictionary is out of date: many words

_______________ (add) to the language since it was published.

这本词典过时了。自从它发行以来，许多词已经被添加到语言中。

II. 把下列主动语态转化为被动语态: 1. People play football all over the world.

Football __________ all over the world by people. 2. Did they ask him some questions?

_____________ any questions by them? 3. They warned Mary that the dog was dangerous.

Mary ____________ that the dog was dangerous by them.

4. Who has broken the window?

By whom _____ the window ________________? 5. You forgave him his rudeness, didn’t you?

He _________________ his rudeness by you, wasn’t he? 6. Should we do the work today or tomorrow? ________ the work __________ today or tomorrow by us?

Ⅲ. 改错

1. A personal computer has bought by us.

A personal computer has been bought by us. 2.

Many problems has been found with our new computer.

Many problems have been found with our new computer. 3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted.

A PC has been built the way we wanted. 4. Our computer just has been joined to the Internet.

Our computer has just been joined to the Internet. 5. The computer was used every day since we bought it.

The computer has been used every day since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years.

A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.

Step4: Homework

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1.Summarize the rules of this grammar. 2.More exercises in Workbook..

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