Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending全国优秀课堂实录

James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton，England.His father，a Scottish migrant farm worker，allowed James to work on coal­carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大副)．

Searching for something more adventurous，in 1755 he volunteered for the British Royal Navy and took part in the Seven Years War and played an active part in charting St.Lawrence River，which helped England Navy capture Quebec from the French. The First Voyage. Following the war，Cook was given the mission to lead an expedition to observe the rare passage of Venus across the face of the sun in order to determine the accurate distance between the earth and sun.He set sail from England in August,1768 and stopped at Tahiti where he did the observation.He proceeded to the West Indies and across the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. The Second Voyage. The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him，to find the Unknown Southern Land.Cook led two ships and headed to Cape Town in July,1772.He proceeded south from Africa and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating pack ice.Actually he came

within 75 miles of the Antarctica at that time.But he found no habitable southern continent and arrived back in Britain in July,1775.

The Third Voyage. The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage，a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice. Upon yet again discovering that something did not exist，he continued his voyage.His last stop was in February,1779 at Hawaii where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat. Cook's explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer，he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.

True (T) or False (F)：

1．James Cook led the British Royal Navy and captured Quebec from the French.(

) 2．The aim of Cook's last voyage was to find a Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia.(

) 3．Cook was named Captain after his first voyage.(

) 4．Captain Cook died in a conflict with the Hawaii local people.(

) 答案：1.F

2.T

3.F

4.T

Section_Ⅰ

Warming_Up_&_Reading

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．exploration n．探险；探测→explorer n．探险者；勘探者；考察者→explore v．勘探；探索；调查研究→exploratory adj.探索的；探究的

2．horizon n．地平线；视野→horizontal adj.水平的；与地面平行的；横的→horizontally adv.水平地；与地面平行地；横地

3.accelerate vt.加速；促进→acceleration n．加速→accelerator n．加速器；油门

4．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→securely adv.安全地；可靠地→security n．安全；可靠

5．random adj.任意的；随便的→randomly adv.随便地；任意地→randomness n．随便；任意→randomize vt.使随机化

6．awkward adj.难使用的；笨拙的→awkwardly adv.笨拙地；尴尬地→awkwardness n．笨拙；尴尬

7．simplify v．使简化；使简易→simplification n．简化，简化的事物→simplicity n．简单；质朴；方便

8．portable adj.便携式的；手提的→portability n．轻便

9．tendency n．趋向；倾向；偏好→tend v．趋向；走向→tendentious adj.倾向性的

10．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的；可依靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→reliability n．可靠→reliance n．依赖；依靠；信任→rely v．依靠；信赖

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．at the mercy of

2．work out

受……支配；任……处置

计算出；制订出

3．as well as

4．rather than

5．in relation to

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

也

而不是

与……有关；涉及

1．How do_you_think seamen found their way before mordern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 2．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map. 3．This seems to_have_been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 4．Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour，but sailors did_know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time. Ⅳ.课文大意理解

1．When did early sailors have a practical method of measuring longitude? A．The 12th century.

C．The 15th century.

答案：B 2．What does seaweed look like when it is near land? A．It looks nice.

C．It looks fresh.

答案：C 3．Where are we now when the North Star is along the horizon? A．At the equator.

C．At the South Pole.

答案：A 4．From the reading we have learned________. A．why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seas B．that there is useful information in an encyclopedia C．that early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instruments D．why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ship's position 答案：C 5．The main idea of this passage is about________. A．that keeping alongside the coastline is first and most useful form of exploration B．the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans B．At the North Pole. D．At sea. B．It looks small. D．It looks dark. B．The 17th century. D．The 16th century.

C．that finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ship's position on a map D．how the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments 答案：B Ⅴ.根据课文改错

1．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made possible to plot a ship's position on a map. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：made后加it 2．There is a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：close后加by 3．Sailors often saw seamen in the sea and could tell through the colour and smell how long it had been there. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：through改为by 4．Sea birds could be used to showing the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：showing改为show 5．An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope tying to a log over the side of the ship. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：tying改为tied Ⅵ.课文缩写填空

This reading explains how seamen__1__the oceans and what kind of navigational __2__were used to sailors before the seventeenth century when they were__3__the open seas without seeing land.The __4__of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the __5__of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.The seamen could use __6__bodies，wildlife，the weather or the sea to keep __7__the coastline.They could also use the __8__to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.They could use the __9__circle to measure the sun's position and tell if they were sailing on their correct rather than a random course.While the astrolabe，the quadrant and the sextant could help give the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their __10__at sea. 答案：1.explored

2.instruments

3.navigating

4.voyages

5.mercy

6.celestial

7.alongside

8.compass

9.Bearing

10.latitude