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2019届高三英语语法专题定语从句

导学案

一．定语从句的概念

Green team（绿队）→Team

in green（绿队）→The team who wear in green.(穿绿衣服的队伍) ↓ ↓ ↓

形容词 介词短语 从句（即为定语从句）

①定语从句的定义:在句子中修饰名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句就是定语从句

②先行词

: 指主句整句或主句部分被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

③关系词的三个作用:一是连接主句与从句；二是指代先行词；三是在从句中充当句子成分。

E.g. She is

the girl

who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩

二．定语从句的分类

定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。

非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

※非限定性定语从句，

不可以用that 引导

①The water which has been polluted by the factory is not fit to drink. 被工厂污染的水不宜饮用.（如果缺少定语从句，句子的主要意思会受到影响）

②

He told me a story yesterday，which

I think is very interesting.

(which指a story)

Tom has made great progress, which

makes me very happy. 三．常见关系词的用法：（见下表）

关系词

who whom whose which that as when where why

指代

人

在从句中充当

主、宾、表

说明

在限制性定语从句中可代替whom作宾语（但在介词后只用whom）

不能用于非限制性从句

主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as…, the same...as..., so...as...结构中

when=during/ on/ in/…which[来源:学科网]

where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）

why=for which (which指逗号前面整句话意思)

四．填写关系词的四个步骤：

1.首先分清主句和定语从句；

2.确定定语从句的先行词；

3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）；

4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。

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考点一：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词

（提示: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成分而定）

用关系词填空: 几种易混的情况：

1) I’ll never forget the days_________ we worked together.

2) I’ll never forget the days _________ we spent together.

3) I went to the place ________

I worked ten years ago. 4) I went to the place _______ I visited ten years ago. 5) This is the reason ________ he was late. 6) This is the reason ________ he gave.

考点二、关系代词which 和that的区别

※在定语从句中, 下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which: ①先行词为不定代词all, little, few, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。

1.We should do all that is useful to the people . 2.There's nothing that

can be said about it . 3.Do you mean the one that

was bought yesterday? ②先行词被anthe only, the very, the last, the just y

等词修饰时。

1.The only thing that we could do was to wait. 2.That's the very word that

is wrongly used. The last place (that)

we visited was the chemical works. You can take any (=whichever) seat that

is free. I hope the little that

I can do will be of some help to them. ③先行词是最高级或者序数词时或是被序数词，

最高级修饰时。

1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2.This is the third film that

has been shown in our school this term. 3.This is the best that can be done now. 2.The most important thing that

should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. ④先行词既有

人

又有

物

，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.

1.The writer and his novel that

you have just talked about is really well known . 2.The rider and his bike that

had run over an old woman were held up by the police. ⑤如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that ，以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ⑥疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复

。

1. Which is the book that you like best? 2. Who is the man that

is standing at the gate? ⑦主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that

作关系代词. 1.

There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 2.

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

※在定语从句中，只能用which而不能用that 的情况：

This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 1) 在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。

2) which 可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。

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She failed the exam, which made her parents very angry. 1.

Luckily, we’d brought a map without ______ we would have lost our way.

2.

I refuse to accept the blame for something ______was someone else’s fault.

3.

Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be. 考点三、whose 的用法及转换形式

whose引导的定语从句，其后紧跟名词，在从句中充当定语。其先行词不仅可指“人的”，还可指“物的”。

whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 即whose+名词

= the +n. + of which= of which+ the + n. He lives in the room ________ window faces south.

= He lives in the room, the window _______ _______ faces south. = He lives in the room, ________

_______ the window faces south. Children who are not active or

_______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering.

考点四、由as引导的定语从句

关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句作主、宾、表语。

※引导限制性定语从句。

①such+名词+as…像…一样的，像…之类的

②so+形容词+a/an+名词

as... 像这样...如此...的... ③the same+名词+as… 和…同样的

That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan. 就是像这样的坏天气破坏了我们整个旅行计划。

We have found such materials as

are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。（as作主语）

Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.

上周我们数学老师出了像这样一道没有人能计算出的考试难题。（as作宾语）

He is not

the same

man as he was.

他和过去不同了。（as作表语）

注意

such…as…引导的定语从句与such…that…引导的状语从句的区别：

①He is such

a clever boy as everyone likes.(定语从句)

他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。

②He is such

a clever boy that

everyone likes him. (结果状语从句) 他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜爱他。

※as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；

as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可以置于所限制的句子句首、句中、句尾。表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。此时as译为正如、像等。如：

1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. /Jack is an honest man , as you know. /As you know, Jack is an honest man. ②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

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He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

He is an honest man, as is known to all.

He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. ③在以下结构中，一般也用as: as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is well－known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。

考点五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

1)

当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词一般只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）

即:“介词+which/ whom”，关系代词不能省略。

提醒:

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键

是判断介词的选择

方法一:根据从句中动词/形容词与先行词习惯搭配

。

方法二：根据语意表达的需要来确定。

Wind power is an ancient source of energy ___________ we may return in the near future.

Care of the soul is a gradual process __________even the small details of life should be considered. He was educated at the local high school, __________ he went on to Beijing University.

注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，不能提前。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：This is the book I’m looking for.

2)

非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用

“名词/数词/代词

+

介词

+ which/whom” 的结构，如：He has written many books, most of which are for children. Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series.

The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better

life in the city.

3) 定语从句中谓语含有can, may等情态动词时，可简化为“介词+which/ whom +不定式结构”

The poor man has no house in which he can live.

= The poor man has no house in which _______ ________.

The beggar has no money with which he can buy food. = The beggar has no money with which _______ ________food. 考点六、关系副词的用法：where, when，why ●when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, year, month, etc.）

He came last night when I was out. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better. 注意

比较: October lst, 1949 is the day when (=on which)

the People’s Republic of China was founded.

（作状语）

Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）

●where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.

This is the place where I was born.

I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

注意

比较: This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）

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I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）

※“模糊地点与时间”

一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，stage, scene, degree, job, position , system, race, conditions, spot，及age, period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that / which，作状语用where ,

when 或“介词＋which”。

We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.

There is one point that we must insist on.

●why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

The reason why / for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）

考点七、the way用作先行词

I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her.

This is the way ______ really works. This is

the way _____ he always uses. 考点八、主语和谓语一致

1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。

The boy who is standing at the door is my son. 2. 在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。

This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject. 3. 在“the only /very/right one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。

【疑难1】区别非限制性定语从句与并列句

—

He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.

—

It's the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.

【疑难2】区别定语从句与名词性从句

①As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.

②It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.

③That the moon travels around the earth is known to all.

④What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.

【疑难剖析2】

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①as引导非限制性定语从句；②it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；

③that引导主语从句；④what引导主语从句，

that引导表语从句。

【疑难3】区别定语从句与地点状语从句

①When you read the book, you'd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.

②When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions.

③Please put the book in the place where you got it.

④Please put the book where you got it.

【疑难剖析3】①定语从句修饰place; ②地点状语从句；③定语从句修饰place；④地点状语从句。

【疑难4】区别定语从句与强调句、状语从句

①It was this small village (that / which) we got to know each other.

②It was in this small village that we got to know each other.

③It was 1914 when the war broke out.

④It was in 1914 that the war broke out.

⑤It was 1914, when the war broke out.

【疑难剖析4】①定语从句；②强调句；③时间状语从句；④强调句；⑤非限制性定语从句。

【疑难5】定语从句中含有插入语

在定语从句中加插入语，常见的有：I think, I suppose, I guess, I imagine等。

①He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.

②The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China, which, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life.

【疑难剖析5】①I think作插入语；②I dare say作插入语。

【疑难6】分隔性定语从句——定语从句与先行词被分割开来

All is well that ends well. 结果好，就一切都好。

①After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _______urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. ②The village has developed a lot _______we learned farming two years ago.

③Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.

④Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn

from all human

society.

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课堂检测

1.

The exact year

__ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 2.

I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _____ my classmates

recommended to me.

3. I am looking forward to the

day

my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 4. Among the many dangers_______---sailors have to face , probably the greatest of all is fog . 5.

It was the middle of the night _______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .

6. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

7. Please send us all the information ______ you have about the candidate for the position. 8. Up till now, we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children. ______ is quite unexpected. 9. I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _____ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 10. We'll reach the sales targets in a month______we set at at the beginning of the year. 11. lot of language learning,

___

has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 12. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 13.

In today's competitive economy,＿____everyone is trying to do more with less, you've got to figure out a way to profit from the very beginning. 14. It was in the square _____they hanged around ______they picked up a new iphone6. 15.

Teenagers are addicted to smart phones and social networks,with ______help they can communicate with their friends wherever.

课后作业

1.Those successful deaf dancers 2. It may be helpful to put that naughty boy in an atmosphere ______ he can see himself differently. 3.

I can think of many cases ______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.

4.---How about your job hunting?

---No luck.Now I’ve reached the stage ______ I don’t care what I do.

5. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______are built close to each other. 6.

www.hjenglish.com is a website _____ learners can not only learn various languages but also enjoy free music and video.

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7.

_____ has been discovered, a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 8.

You’ll find taxis at the bus station _______you can hire to reach your host family.

9.

That day my brother drove his car down the street

at ______ I thought was a a dangerous speed. 10. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around

______ I

can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"

11.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking. 12.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is. 13. Last month,part of Southeast Asia was hit by flood from ______ effects the people are still suffering.

14.

Some working journalists from China's major media organizations took part in the training program, many of _____ will go to London to cover the upcoming Olympic Games. 15.

Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without ______ tireless work, none of this would be possible. 16.

If people are forbidden to smoke in public, they have to smoke indoors,_____ is much

less welcome by those non-smokers. 17. The house, ______ door often stays open until late at night, works as

a home for the

guards, some of ______ are from the countryside.

18. The company donated books and computers worth more than $10,000

to the children

of ______ was evaluated as poor family. 19.

It goes beyond doubt that Australia is a sporting nation,

________

you can feel their

enthusiasm about sport. 20. When asked what they would volunteer to do, ______said they were willing to do something they could.

21.We attend lectures in the school meeting room at weekend ______ seats more than 800 students.

22. We should educate children and young people about values to create a social atmosphere ______

promotes morality and harmony.

23. Spring Festival is the most important festival in China and an occasion ____ all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.

24. ---Have you ever heard of Snow Village?

---Yes, it was the village ______the film Zhiquweihushan was made. 25. The government officials met the workers and engineers working on the stadium,most

of _____were migrant workers.

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