Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending优质课教案设计

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Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 第一部分

《金色教案》教学设计说明

，介绍了航海知识和航海探险逸事。通过About the topic 本单元的话题是“大海航行”and structures 单元话题和结构

the 学习学生应该了解：我国历史上就是航海的先驱国，自古以来一直处于领先地位，对航海技术的发展有着杰出的贡献。

目前，我国已成为世界上的航运大国，正向着世界航运强国推进。实现航运强国的历史重任落在你们这一代身上。

本单元还将学习“不同动词形式作谓语”。

《金色教案》教学设计在单元课时划分上与课本保持一致，即“阅读课、知识课、运用课三课时/三课型划分”。但在实际教学过程中，我们建议教师依据学生基础、教学条件、学校安排的因素，对课本、对《金色教案》教学设计重新划分课时、裁剪、拼接使用我们提供的材料，以便“物尽所用”，达到最佳教学效果。教师也可以按照我们提出的“实际教学过程课时划分建议”进行教学。

Period 1 Reading

阅读课

Warming Up 部分教师可以选择“了解航海家”、“了解郑和”、“了解马克·

波罗”等形式激发背景知识、为其后的阅读作好词语、结构和心理的准备。教师可补充：西周天子穆王乘“八骏西行三万里”（《穆天子传》）；孔子率70弟子周游列国；庄王与惠子游于濠梁之上；秦始皇统一中国后，多次巡游、封禅；张骞衔命出使西域，打开了中国通往西方的丝绸之路；张骞自中原使往西域，直达今之中亚；司马迁弱冠之年走出书斋，自长安起步，足及豫、鄂、湘、赣、浙、苏、鲁、川、滇等省份；法显、宋云、惠生、玄奘西行求法取经，长途跋涉，直达今之印度；郑和的舰队7渡印度洋，摇达东非；徐霞客在中华大地上的履痕，遍及19个省市区，直涉各地的偏、远、险、幽之境。

Pre-reading向学生介绍有关“navigational instruments”，为其后的阅读做心理的铺垫和准备。补充：中国很早就可以通过观测日月星辰测定方位和船舶航行的位置。郑和船队已经把航海天文定位与导航罗盘的应用结合起来,提高了测定船位和航向的精确度,人们称“牵星术”。用“牵星

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板”观测定位的方法,通过测定天的高度,来判断船舶位置、方向、确定航线。

Reading是篇说明文，说明17世纪之前西方航海导航技术。教师应引导学生依据我们提供的“表格”、“结构图”等从形式和内容两方面阅读课文，理解词语、结构和所述事实。补充：1. 天文航海技术——中国很早就可以通过观测日月星辰测定方位和船舶航行的位置。郑和船队已经把航海天文定位与导航罗盘的应用结合起来, 提高了测定船位和航向的精确度, 人们称“牵星术”。2. 地文航海技术——郑和下西洋的地文航海技术是以海洋科学知识和航海图为依据, 运用了航海罗盘、计程仪、测深仪等航海仪器, 按照海图、针路簿记载来保证船舶的航行路线。航行时确定航行的线路, 叫作针路, 罗盘的误差,不超过2.5度。

Period 2 Learning about language首先要求学生朗读课文，练习口语；然后是词Learning about 语操练；重点是单元句法“各种动词形态作谓语”的学习和演练。最后language

知识课

Period 3 Using language 运用课

Using language首先引导学生阅读一则有关航海的逸事，其后的听、说活动围绕Viking sailings展开, 最后对刚读过的课文的仿写活动，可以参考我们提供的范例，引导学生以学到的词汇、短语、结构和话题进行写作。

实际教学过程课时划分建议

Period 1

Period 2 将Warming Up、

Pre-reading、Reading和Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。

将Learning about language 和Workbook中的

USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS、USING STRUCTURES 整合在一起上一节“语言知识课”。

Period 3 将Using language 设计为一节包括听说读写单项技能或组合技能训练的“综合技能课（一）”。

Period 4 将Workbook 的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING整合在一起上一节“听说课”。

可以引导、示范学生仿写阅读课课文。

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Period 5 将Workbook 的LISTENING TASK、READING AND WRITING TASK和

SPEAKING TASK整合为一节“综合技能课（二）”。

第二部分

教学资源说明

Section 1 Background

背景

Section 2 Explanation 解析

Section 3 Vocabulary 词汇

围绕单元话题“大海航行”我们提供了若干实用性背景材料。这些材料既可以作为教师教学参考材料为教师所用，也可以直接或改写、重组后作为课堂内外的拓展性阅读材料呈现给学生。

重点针对“阅读课型”中的课文难句，我们提供了详尽的，就句论句的解析和翻译，并且以解析的焦点话题为线索，进行了一定的归纳、辨析和总结，以帮助教师更好地实施“语言形式”的教学。

按照课本单元词汇表顺序，我们重点提供动词、短语搭配的讲解。所提供的例句，经典、地道、实用、易懂，完全可以直接用于教学。

Part 1 Teaching Design 第一部分

教学设计

Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading (SAILING THE OCEANS) Introduction In this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to learn about navigational instruments. Then they will be helped to read an exposition about sailing the oceans. Three “Warming Up” designs are presented in this book for teachers’ reference. Computer and overhead projector may be used to aid the teaching and learning.

Objectives ■

To help students learn to express causes and effects

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■

To help students learn to read an exposition about sailing the oceans

■

To help students better understand “sailing”

■

To help students learn to use some important words and expressions ■

To help students identify examples of the future passive voice in the text Focus Words accelerate, knot, simplify, update, swoop, peck, deposit, reckon, foresee, tear, roar

Expressions

Patterns

at the mercy of

Sea captains observed the clouds over islands. So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positions．

Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．

The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour．

Later, when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables．

Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course.

Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams

Procedures 1．

Warming up

⑴

Warming up by leaning about navigator A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided. ⑵Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven Voyages In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more

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voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits... ⑶Warming up by looking and listening Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road.

He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. 2. Pre-reading by learning about navigational instruments

◇

artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot ◇

compass - navigational instrument for finding directions ◇

depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) ◇

inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon ◇

instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use ◇

asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee 3. Reading for forms

Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. 4. Copying useful expressions and making sentences You are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them.

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sail the oceans, explore the oceans, plot a ship's position on a map, at the mercy of…, have modern navigational aids

keep alongside the coastline, the first and most useful form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of risk at its highest position in the sky, at the equator, accomplished navigators, plot their positions, use the height of the sun to work out their latitude, observe the clouds over islands, land close by，tell…by the colour and smell, follow the birds to land, in the open sea gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the position of a stream or river, use the winds to direct one’s sailing, accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during one’s outward or return journeys carry ships to their destination, explore the seas, discover new lands, increase their ability to navigate new seas secure method of measuring longitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, method of measuring speed, tie to…, advance through the water, pass through…, give the speed of…, in nautical miles per hour, have a special magnetic pointer, find the direction, set a straight course measure the sun's position, compare…with…,

the height of the sun at midday, sail on…, rather than a random course in relation to…, give sb the local time, find one’s latitude at sea, use… as one of the points of reference, plunge in the waves，reduce the tendency

5. Transforming information Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS ■Using nature to help keeping alongside the ■Using navigational instruments to help

coastline

●Using celestial bodies: North Star; Sun; ●finding longitude

Clouds ●Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds ●Finding latitude: The Bearing Circle; The Astrolabe; The Quadrant; The sextant ●Using the weather: Fog; Winds

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●Using the sea

6. Reading the text again to decide on the type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN Type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN Type SAILING THE OCEAN Using nature to help:

Keeping alongside the coastline, using celestial bodies, using wildlife, using the weather, using the sea Using navigational instruments to help:

Finding longitude, Finding latitude 7．Making a diagram of SAILING THE OCEAN exposition SAILING THE OCEANS （An exposition）

Using nature to keep alongside coastline

Part 1

Using navigational instruments to help

Part 2

Using celestial bodies

finding longitude

Using wildlife

Using the weather

Finding latitude

Using the sea

8. Closing down by answering comprehension questions 1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th century

B. How to plot a ship’s position on a map

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C. How did ancient men navigate so well D. Use nature to aid navigation 2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them _____. A. find celestial bodies B. predict the weather C. explore the sea D. find latitude 3. The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators were _____. A. hard-working B. brave C. intelligent D. energetic

4. According to the passage, _____. A. the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions．

B. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．

C. Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing．

D. The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments．

(Keys: BDCB )

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