Using LanguageⅡ第一课时教学实录

Section_ⅢUsing_Language

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．rotvt. &vi.腐烂；腐败

2．evolvevt. &vi.发展；进展；进化→evolutionn. 演变；进化→evolutionismn. 进化论；进化说

3．attachvt.缚上；系上；附加

4．typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的→typicalityn．典型性；特征→typicallyadv. 代表性地

5．delicateadj.精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的→delicatelyadv.巧妙地；细致地

6．fragrantadj.芬芳的；香的→fragrancen. 香味；芬芳

7．odourn．气味；香味；臭味→odourlessadj. 无气味的

8．dulladj.不鲜明的；阴暗的→dullyadv.萧条地；不景气地

9．mustyadj.发霉的；有霉味的

10．fruityadj.果味的；(酒)有葡萄味的

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．pass on

进入另一个(活动)阶段；前进；传给后代

2．depend on

依靠；取决于

3．give out

发出(气味、

热等)；分发

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

1．For example，yellow flowers attract bees，while red flower attract butterflies. 2．Usually the nectar is at the end of a small，narrow tube_whose length is the same as the tongue of a particular species. Ⅳ.功能意念项目

表达情感：惊奇、厌恶(Expressing emotions：wonder，disgust) That's amazing！

What fantastic plants! Wow！How interesting!

I think it's fantastic! Oh，yuck!

That's disgusting!

[单词点击]

1．evolve v．逐步发展；逐渐演变；进化；进化形成

After billions of years，some species evolved into their present forms. 几十亿年之后，一些物种才演变成了它们现在的形式。

Each school must evolve its own way of working. 每个学校必须形成自己的办学方式。

evolve from sth.

evolve into sth.

evolution n.

evolutionary adj.

由某物/从某物进化而来

逐渐形成某物

进化；演变

进化的，演变的

The three species evolved from a single ancestor. 这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。

用evolve的适当形式填空

[即境活用1]

(1)In politics Britain has preferred ________ to revolution. (2)I have read the ________ theory written by Darwin. (3)The idea ________ from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 答案：(1)evolution

(2)evolutionary

(3)evolved 2．attach v．把……固定；把……附(在……上)；认为……有重要性；重视

I attach a copy of my notes for your information. 我附上一份笔记供你参考。

I attach great importance to this research. 我认为这项研究十分重要。

attach sth. to sth.

attach importance to sth.

attach oneself to sb.

attach to sb./sth.

attachment n.

attached adj.

把某物附在某物上

认为某物有重要性

和某人缠在一起；缠着

和某人/某物有关联

依恋；附件

依恋的；依附的

Please attach a recent photo to your application form. 请在申请表上贴一张近期照片。

[即境活用2]

We've grown very ________ to this house and would hate to move. A．attached

C．to attach

B．attaching D．attachment 解析：选A

be attached to被装在……上面；喜欢，依恋。

3．typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的

It is typical of him to take hard jobs. 抢挑重担是他的特点。

typicality n．

typically adv.

典型性，特征

代表性地，作为特色地

AIDS typically takes about 10 years to appear. 艾滋病通常需要大约十年才显现出来。

完成句子

[即境活用3]

(1)This painting is fairly ________(典型的) of his early work. (2)It's a ________(典型地) British bureaucratic response. 答案：(1)typical

(2)typically

[短语精析]

1．pass on进入另一个(活动)阶段；前进；传给

Read the newspaper，and then pass it on. 读完报纸后，往下传。

pass sth. on to sb.

pass away

pass by

pass sth. down

pass out

pass through

将某物传交给某人

去世

走过，经过

从一代传给下一代

昏倒，失去知觉

经过，经历

She said she'd pass the message on to the other students.她说她会把口信传给其他学生。

The old man has passed through lots of sufferings. 这位老人饱尝了辛酸。

[即境活用4]

Some customs have died out but some will pass ________ for some time. A．away

C．by

B．off D．on 解析：选D

句意：有些习俗消失了，但还有一些会继续下去。pass away去世；pass off消失，消退；pass by走过，经过；pass on进入另一个(活动)阶段，前进，传给。根据句意应选D项。

2．depend on

(1)依赖

Children must depend on their parents. 孩子们必须依赖他们的父母。

(2)信任，相信

You can depend on his honesty. 你可以相信他的诚实。

(3)决定于

Whether we will go outing depends on the weather. 我们是否外出取决于天气。

It/That all depends.

[即境活用5]

If he ________ on tourism for his business，he would have to close his shop. A．depends

C．depended

B．will depend D．has depended 要看情况而定。

解析：选C

本题考查虚拟语气。句中表示对现在的虚拟，因此在if引导的条件句中，用一般过去时。

3．give out

(1)分发

Give the money out to the children.把钱分给孩子们。

(2)用完，用尽

Our food supply at last give out. 我们的食物终于用完了。

His strength gave out.他已精疲力竭。

(3)公布，宣布；发表；发出

It was given out that he was dead. 他的死讯已经公布。

The radio is giving out a signal. 这收音机发出了一种信号。

give back

give away

give in

give off

give up

Never give in to any difficulty. 归还

赠送，颁发；放弃(机会) 屈服，投降，退让(to) (散)发出(蒸气)，发散(光线) 放弃，停止

绝不向困难低头。

[即境活用6]

We had wanted to finish our task by noon，but it didn't quite ________ as planned. A．find out

C．hand out

B．give out D．work out 解析：选D

句意：我们本来打算中午前完成任务，但结果不像计划的那样。work out“结果，进展，算出”。find out 找到，发现；give out 分发，发出(气味、热)等；hand out 分发，施舍。根据句意应选D项。

[句型归纳]

1．For example，yellow followers attract bees，while red flowers attract butterflies.

例如：黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。

句中while为并列连词，连接两个分句，意为“而，然而”，表示对比或转折。while位于两个分句之间。

Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。

while也可作从属连词，引导以下从句：

(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此时从句谓语通常是延续性动词。

Mary watched TV while she had supper. 玛丽边吃饭边看电视。

He caught a cold while (he was) on vacation. 他度假时患了感冒。

(2)表示让步，通常位于句首，意为“尽管；虽然”。

While I agree with your reasons，I can't allow it. 尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许这样做。

(3)表示条件，意为“只要”，其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首，也可位于句中。

There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有空气和水，就有生命。

While there is life，there is hope. 留得生命在，不怕没希望。

[即境活用7]

________ I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.

A．While

C．Before

B．Since D．Unless 解析：选A

本题考查连词的用法。句意：虽然我承认他不完美，实际上我的确喜欢这个人。while尽管，虽然；since既然；before在……之前；unless除非。故A项符合句意。

2．Usually the nectar is at the end of a small，narrow tube whose_length is the same as the tongue of a particular species.花粉通常在狭小的花管子的一段，其长度与特定花粉传播者的舌头相当。

关系代词whose表示“……的”，是关系代词who和which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在从句中，whose作定语修饰名词，被修饰词可以是从句的主语、宾语或介词宾语。

He is the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday.(修饰从句的宾语) 他就是我昨天借用他钢笔的那个男孩。

They cleaned the house whose windows faced south.(修饰从句的主语) 他们把那所窗户朝南的房子清扫了。

The gentleman，with whose daughter I worked，looked down upon women.(修饰从句的介词宾语daughter) 那位先生看不起妇女，他的女儿曾经跟我一块工作过。

[即境活用8]

Last month，parts of northeast China were struck by floods，from ________ effects the people are still suffering. A．that

C．those

B．whose D．what 解析：选B

本题考查关系代词的用法。句意：上个月，中国东北部分地区遭受洪水袭击，现在那些地区的人们仍然遭受洪水影响之苦。关系代词在定语从句中作定语，所以B是正确选项。

说明文是以客观解说事物或事理为内容，以给人知识为目的，以说明为主要表达方式的一种文体。

写说明文要抓住事物的特征，有目的地具体解说，同时，还要抓住事物的本质，科学地加以说明。说明文只要求把事物和事理解释清楚，不要求抒发个人情感，因此语言要通俗简洁，说明过程要条理清楚。说明文多用一般现在时。

说明文常用的写作方法有：按照时间顺序说明；按照空间位置进行说明；先讲道理，后如何写说明文

举例子；先举例子，后讲道理；把同类或不同类的事物加以比较；先使用数据进行说明，再对事物做出简要结论等。说明文应该写得条理分明、层次清楚、语言简洁而有逻辑性。

【写作任务】

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：

1．简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；

2．位置：天安门广场南面；

3．交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；

4．特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。

参考词汇：步行街

pedestrian street 当当车

trolley car

地铁

subway 注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头语已为你写好。

Dear Sarah，

Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street.Here is something about it. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours，

Li Hua 【范文在线】

Dear Sarah，

Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street.Here is something about it. Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old.Along this 800-metre street，there are more than 300 shops.As the street is in the center of Beijing，just to the south of Tian'anmen Square，it's very convenient to get there by bus.You may take Buses No.17,69 or 59，Subway Line 2 has a stop there too.Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street，but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops，but also to theaters and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.I'm sure you'll like it. Yours，

Li Hua 【靓点点击】

作者能把握住写说明文的基本要求，条理分明，语言简洁。文章详细地介绍了改建后前门大街的情况。

介绍一种你熟悉的花，如：rose(玫瑰)，chrysanthemum(菊花)，orchid(兰花)，lily(百合)，daffodil(水仙花)，Rafflesia arnoldii(大王花)等。你可以从以下几个方面介绍这种花：

1．产地；

2．典型特征，如：颜色、形状、气味等；

3．如何传授花粉？

4．如何获取营养？

注意：词数120左右。

参考范文：

Rafflesia arnoldii

Rafflesia arnoldii grows in the rainforest of Southeast Asia，but due to the destruction of the forests，it is becoming very rare.At about one meter wide，the flower of Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest flower in the world.The Rafflesia arnoldii flower looks and smells like rotting meat.This means it attracts pollinators，such as flies and other insects that eat dead animals.However，instead of getting a feed，the insects pick up its pollen and spread it to other Rafflesia plants.Rafflesia arnoldii doesn't have any leaves，stems or roots.It does not need them as it is a parasite and so gets its food from another plant.

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The developmental history of the society tells us that man has ________ (进化) from the ape. 答案：evolved 2．Let's ________ (系) labels to the luggage. 答案：attach 3．He bought a vase with a ________ (精致的) pattern of butterflies and leaves. 答案：delicate 4．This is a ________ (有代表性的) case in my daily work. 答案：typical 5．The air in the garden was warm and ________ (芬芳)．

答案：fragrant Ⅱ.单句改错

1．He attached his horse on a tree. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：on改为to 2．The machine gave up a steady buzzing. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：up改为out 3．This is the girl who name is Liu Hui. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：who改为whose 4．He always passes by at the sight of blood. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：by改为out 5．That region has plenty of natural resources since this one has none. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：since改为while Ⅲ.单项填空

1．Read the letter and ________ him. A．pass on it to

C．pass it on

B．pass it on to D．pass it for 解析：选B

pass sth. on to意为“将某物传给某人”，其中的on为副词，人称代词作宾语时，应位于on之前。

2．George Orwell，________ was Eric Arthur，wrote many political novels and essays. A．the real name

C．his real name

B．what his real name D．whose real name 解析：选D

本题考查定语从句。whose引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。

3．—Smoking is bad for your health. —Yes，I know.But I simply can't________. A．give it up

C．give it out

B．give it in D．give it away 解析：选A

give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give out分发，用完；give away赠送，颁发。根据句意应选A项。

4．—How long are you staying? —I don't know.________ A．That's OK.

C．It depends.

B．Never mind. D．It doesn't matter.

解析：选C

句意：“你要在这里待多久？”“不知道，视情况而定。”It/That depends意为：视情况而定；悬而未决。

5．________ modeling business is by no means easy to get into，the good model will always be in demand. A．While

C．As

B．Since D．If 解析：选A

本题考查while用作连词的特殊含义，意为“虽然，尽管”。

Ⅳ.阅读理解

Plants，like animals，are easy to be infected by diseases of various kinds.It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants：forty are known to attack corn，and about as many attack wheat.The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have only a limited number of food supplies.The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate.Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products，there could soon be serious food shortages.It is easy to imagine the outcome of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops；the resulting famines could kill millions of people，and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political disturbance disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants are born with the ability to resist a great many diseases，while others are fairly easy to be infected.The tolerance(耐受性) of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.A blight(枯萎病) may be but a local infection which can be easily controlled；on the other hand，it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed actually every chestnut tree in North American.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that，it was estimated that one million people died of starvation as potatoes were the main food for Irish people. Plant pathologists have made remarkable progress in identifying the pathogens (病原体) of the various diseases.Bacteria may invade a plant by way of insects carrying the pathogen.A plant can also be inoculated by man.Frequently a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance.The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis，so that the treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.

1.How many diseases are known to attack wheat? A．Around 30,000.

C．Around 29,960.

B．40. D．Around 40. 解析：选B

细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句可知，危害谷类作物的疾病和危害小麦

的数目一样多。故选B项。

2．Which of the following statements in NOT true? A．A major crop disease，if not checked，would result in many deaths in a country. B．A major crop disease，if not checked，would result in food shortages in rich countries. C．A major crop disease，if not checked，would result in an increase of world population. D．A major crop disease，if not checked, would result in political unrest. 解析：选C

细节理解题。根据第一段的叙述，A、B、D都可找到原文依据，C项没有列出。另外，根据常识，农作物疾病怎么能造成人口增加呢？我们也可看出C项为答案。

3．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Some plants can resist a great many diseases，while others have low immunity to them. B．The growing conditions have little impact on the tolerance of a particular plant. C．In most cases，blight develops in North America. D．A blight once killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. 解析：选A

主旨大意题。第二段中第一句话为主题句，其他为细节，用来详细解说该主题。

4．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Symptoms are always misleading. B．Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens. C．Some plant diseases may be indirectly caused by men. D．A primary infection may lead to a secondary infection. 解析：选B

细节理解题。仔细阅读最后一段可知，该段第一句说科学家“在研究病原菌方面有很大进展”，但没有说明是否病原菌是疾病的根源。故选B项。