Learning about Language第一课时导学案

The Second Period Practicing

Learning about Language

Teaching Aims: 教学目标

1. Revise the language points learned in the last period.

2. Do the exercises in this part.

Teaching Important Points:教学重点

1. Discover useful words and expressions.

2. Revise useful structures.

Teaching Methods:教学方法

1. Discussion method.

2. Pair work or group work.

Teaching Aids: 教学工具

1. a computer;

2. courseware

Teaching procedures 教学步骤

Step1 Greetings Greet the whole class as usual.

Step2 Ex.1

Replace the words underlined by ones of similar meaning from the reading passage. 1) Seeing the dark clouds above him, George hurried for home.

2) Sailing a boat alone far way from the shore made Flora’s parents worry about her safety.

) Clare, would you please put your bicycle next to the others in the

shed?

4)

“Why don’t you plot a more simple route with the smallest number of stops?” asked Mary.

5) Setting out on a long journey by sea with unskilled sailors would be dangerous especially if there were no modern navigational instruments.

Answer: 1. Overhead

2.offshore

3. simplified

4. Minimum; voyage

5. Seamen Step3 Ex2

find the words from the reading passage that are the opposite of these compound words. _________anywhere

_________upload

_________inward

_______unreliable_________ land flower____________ strong point Answer：1.nowhre

2.download

3.outward

4.reliable

5.seaweed

6.shortcoming Step4 Ex3 Write down the words you know, which are related to navigation and sea. Navigation

navigate, navigational,

(instruments: compass, bearing, circle, astrolabe, quadrant, sextant), sail, sailor, voyage, latitude, longitude, equator, horizon, captain, sailor, land, island, set sail, nautical middles, explore, exploration…

Sea

Seaman, seaweed, seafood, shore, offshore, onshore, beach,

beach-ball, seabed,

seabird, seagull,

sea

shell, seaside, sea water, seasick, coast, coastline, coastal, tide, wave, current …

Step5 Ex4 Complete the following paragraph with the words below. precise

outward

nowhere

awkward

reference

seaweed

accelerate

mercy

randomly

voyage

alongside

approximate Samuel the sailor was extremely good at plotting his course using the stars as a_________. One day he was determined to set out on a _______across an unknown sea to an unknown continent. He set out with his instruments so he would not be at the _____ of the sea. He found on his ________ journey a rocky island. It seemed to be covered in nests. Suddenly, as Samuel looked, an enormous bird swooped down and picked him up as if he were a/ an_________ parcel. It

__________ its speed and rose straight up into the air so as to reach the______ place on the rocks where its nest lay. Once there, it shook itself and threw Samuel in the____________ direction of the nest. There seemed to be ________ to hide but then he noticed lots of_______ on his left and quickly hid under it.

The bird landed nearby and pecked _________ at the rocks. Samuel

rolled over swiftly and found himself at the edge of the cliff. He looked down slowly with a beating heart. Below him was his boat lying ________ the shore! “How lucky I am!” Samuel thought to himself. He then gave a mighty leap and landed in it. Once inside he could safely sail away. Step6 detail explanation 1.

work out

①

to calculate an answer, amount, price, or value

计算

②

to think about sth. and manage to understand it

设法弄懂

③

to think carefully about how you are going to do sth. and plan a good way of doing it

精心制定出，安排

eg. (1)See if you can work out this bill out.

计算

⑵

The plot is so complicated that it’ll take you a while to work it out. 弄明白

⑶

I can’t work out Geoff ; one day he’s friendly ,the next day he ignores me completely.

明白

⑷

I haven’t worked out who’s gong to look after the kids tonight. 计划

2

We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship’s position on a map.

在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是

怎样在海上探险的。

may/might well

很可能，极有可能

These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.

这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。

You might well find that you’ll need more by the weekend.

到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。

3. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. 17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。

①

voyage n./ vi. 航海, 航行

The voyage from England to India used to take six months. 过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。

go on/make/take a sea voyage 去航海旅行

voyager n. 航行者, 航海者

They have got everything ready to make a _____ across the Atlantic.

A. trip

B. travel

D. tour

C. voyage

②

at the mercy of without any protection against; helpless before

任由…摆布；在…面前无助

They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.

他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。

I don’t like to be at the mercy of such a man. 我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。

have mercy on/ show mercy to

对……表示怜悯

The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages. 恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。

without mercy 毫不留情地

The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy. 那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。

It’s a mercy (that)

(口)幸运的是,幸亏

(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运) It’s a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.

幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。

It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt.

幸运的是她伤势不重。

③

even though 用作连词，意为“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。

[高考示例]

There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ______ she was an only child.

(辽宁

2005) A. ever since

C. even though

B. now that D. even as even though“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。

ever since“自从……以来”，常和完成时态连用；now that“既然，由于”；even as“正当，恰恰在……的时候”。

拓展] even though 和even so 的区别：even though = even if用作连词，引导让步状语从句；even so 用作副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样，即便如此”。

[高考示例]

Your uncle seems to be a good driver; ______, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.(江西

2005) A. even so

B. even though

D. so C. therefore

3. minimum (min)

adj. 最小的, 最低的

n. 最小值, 最小化。

其反义词为maximum (max)

adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的

n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大

The minimum requirements for the job

are a degree and two years’ experience.

该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年

的工作经验。

You must get a minimum of 40

questions right to pass the examination.

你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。

keep/reduce sth. to a minimum

将某物保持在/降低到最低限度

The school manages to keep bullying to a minimum.

学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。

The maximum number of students in each class is 58.

每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。

4. indicate vt.

指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明

I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他姐姐在哪儿, 他朝对面的商店指了一下。

I indicated that his help was not welcome. 我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。

5. close adj.

①near in space or time

空间上或时间上靠近的

②likely

可能的

③careful

小心的

5. close adj.

①near in space or time

空间上或时间上靠近的

②likely

可能的

③careful

小心的

close to death

离死亡不远

take a close look at sth. 严密注意某物

keep a close watch/eye on 仔细地看

They chose a spot close to the river for their picnic. 他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。

Your birthday is close to mine. 你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。

The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement. 两国即将签署和平协议。

6. used to do 表过去习惯化的动作或状态

be/become/get used to doing/n. 习惯于(to为介词)

be used to do

为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”

I used to go swimming on Saturdays but now I don’t.

I’m not used to getting up so early. Cloth is used to make clothes. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992.

(2005 山东)

A. change

B. has changed

C. changing

D. have changed 7. nowhere

adv. 无处, 到处都无

该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。

I have no job and nowhere to live. 我没工作，也没地方住。

Nowhere could I see him. 我哪儿也看不到他。

Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else __ such a beautiful palace.

(2004

辽宁)

A. can you find

B. you could find

C. you can find

D. could you find

nowhere else是否定词，以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装。根据上一个句子的谓语动词可确定用一般现在时。

注：nowhere置于句首时，句子要用倒装的语序。

8. offshore adj./adv. 向海面吹的, 离岸的, 海面上的, 海上/下作业的

offshore workers

海上作业的工人

offshore bank/company/investment 境外银行/公司/投资

offshore wind/current etc. 从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流

The storm moved offshore.

风暴离岸移动。

A boat moored offshore.

船在近海下锚。

9. accelerate vi./vt. = to (cause to ) move faster

加速, 促进

She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front. 她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。

The car suddenly accelerated. 那辆车突然开始加速。

Page 13

1. secure

adj.安全的, 可靠的, 放心的, 无虑的

v.

保护,使安全

Our house is secure from flood.

我们的房子没有被淹的危险。

Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.

这道堤防需要采取一些措施, 免得被洪水冲坏。

security n.安全，保安，保护

Security was tight during the President’s visit.

总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。

For security reasons the visitors were searched. 为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。

2. magnetic

adj.

磁的, 有磁性的, 有吸引力的

magnet

n. 磁体, 磁铁

a magnetic recorder

磁录音机

a magnetic compass bearing 可分辨磁极方向的罗盘

a magnetic person

有魅力的人

The iron has lost its magnetic force. 这铁已失去磁力。

3.

random n.

随意, 任意

adj.

任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的

make a random choice

任意选择

at random = aimlessly; without any plan

随机，随便

The travelers at the airport were searched at random. （搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。

Soiled dishes were piled at random.

脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。

4.

awkward adj.

难使用的, 笨拙的, 尴尬的;

棘手的,难处理的

an awkward remark

令人窘迫的评论

There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say. 当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。

5.reference n.

提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人) At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.

在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。

These are reference books for teachers.

这些是教师参考书。

refer v. 提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询

The teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary. 老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。

Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.

她的学会经常查这本字典。

Don’t refer to it again.

别再提那件事。

6. precise adj. 精确的, 准确的

precision n. 精确(性), 精密(度) A lawyer needs a precise mind.

律师需要一丝不苟的精神。

A camera is an instrument of precision. 照相机是一种精密仪器。

7. simplify vt. 单一化, 简单化

simple adj.

简单的

The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.

这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。

His father lived a simple life in the country.

他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。

8.portable

adj.

轻便的, 手提(式)的, 便携式的

a portable typewriter 提式打字机

a portable generator

便携式发电机

9.

shortcoming

n.

缺点, 短处（常用复数）

In spite of all her shortcomings, she is still the best teacher the school has.他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。

10.

update v. 使现代化, 修正, 校正, 更新n. 现代化, 更新

updated

adj. 最新的，现代化的，适时的

an updated and revised edition

最新修订本

have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事, 往往会做某事

Jean’s nice but she has a tendency to talk too much.

简人倒不错，就是往往太唠叨。

12. reliable

adj. 可靠的, 可信赖的

rely

v.依赖, 依靠, 信赖, 信任, 依赖于

reliability n.可靠性

She may forget to come --- she is not very reliable.

她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。

课文长句难句剖析

The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.

剖析: pointer 是先行词, which 是引导词, 在从句中作主语, 引导后面定语从句always indicates the North Pole; so引导后面的是结果状语从句; it作形式主语, 真正的主语是to help find the direction; the direction 作为先行词, that是引导词, 引导定语从句the ship needs to go。

译文：指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。

Step7 随堂练习

用方框内所给词组的适当形式完成下列句子（其中有两个词组是多余的）。

cope with, at the mercy of,

work out, set loose, close to, take ... off, to one’s astonishment,

attach ... to, take over, compare ... with, in addition to, aim to

1. ____________ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. 2. He used to tell me that he ________ be a writer but it turned out that he became a doctor. 3. It was a reasonable assessment and probably pretty ______ the truth. 4. The workers find themselves absolutely ______________ the capitalists．

5. Inexperienced as he was, he could ________ the difficulties wonderfully well 6. He kept his men alive by keeping them busy so as to ______ their minds ______ their stomachs and their thirst. 7. She ________ great value ____ being financially independent. 8. I spotted a shooting star which, ____ ___________, was bright green in color. 9. When she fell ill, her daughter ______ the business from her. 10. There will be a full investigation to ______ what caused the accident.

Answer: 1.In addition to

2.aimed to

3.close to 4.at the mercy of

5.cope with

6.take

off

7. attaches

to

8.to my astonishment 9.took over

10.work out Step8 homework Review the learned words and expression