Using LanguageⅡ优秀教学实录

A recent survey shows that roughly 85 percent of people feel physical symptoms of stress. ___16___ , and they will help you feel more energetic tomorrow: • Double your chews Chewing is a super-important part of the digestion process. Chewing makes it easier for your body to break down food and turn it into energy. The most proper number of chews per bite is unclear. ___17___. It will be easy for your body to break down the food and store energy. • Drink one less cup of coffee Although caffeine in coffee blocks your brain from receiving adenosine, which causes tiredness, it doesn’t stop your body from producing it. So once the caffeine disappears, it’s the buildup of adenosine that causes you to crash and reach for more caffeine, creating a bad circle. ___18___, but drinking less coffee can help you feel more energetic over the long term. • Take a few deep breaths By not breathing deeply enough, you end up sending a signal to your nervous system that increases your anxiety even further. Changing your breathing habits by taking a few long, slow breaths throughout the day reduces the stress response while energizing your cells. ___19___: Simply breathe in through your nose for a count of three and out through your mouth for a count of three. Repeat as necessary. • ___20___ Take some time to reflect on the positive by writing down three things that went smoothly during your day or just items you feel grateful for. This exercise can prepare your mind for what’s going right in your life, hitting the brakes on stress increases while helping to protect your energy reserves. A. Set down what went well today B. Try an exercise to achieve this C. Reflect on your day sometimes D. Reducing your reliance on it sounds scary E. Take a look at the small changes you can make today F. Shallow breathing is one of the annoying side effects of stress G. However, it’s been suggested that 25 to 40 times will be beneficial

Flextime is a flexible hours schedule in which employees choose their own working hours, usually working within approximate limits set by the employer or by the government. ___36___ flextime has a clear advantage. ___37___ For example, people can use flextime to create schedules which will allow them to go to school, handle childcare, assist relatives, and perform other tasks. Employees may also use their flextime to create a schedule which optimizes creativity, as in the case of someone who would prefer to work earlier in the day to get more accomplished.

___38___ First, it tends to increase employees’satisfaction. This makes the company a better and more productive place to work. In addition, flextime can allow companies to serve clients for a great portion of the day, as employees will be around at varying hours to answer phones, attend meetings, and so forth. Most flextime schedules include core time. ___39___ Employees are also usually given an hourly, daily or weekly limit to ensure that they do not violate laws about working hours Or the company is only willing to pay wages for so many hours of work each week. A classic example of a flexible time schedule is that someone who works four 10-hour shifts a week can take three days off. Flextime can also be combined with flexplace, in which the environment is better than that of the office. ___40___Employers may also allow people to work in untraditional settings such as coffee houses.

A. Employers benefit from flextime a lot. B. It’s also seen as a family-friendly policy. C. However, flextime may not be applicable to all fields. D. It is a period of the day in which everyone is expected to be at work. E. Many employers all over the world offer this method to their employees.

F. For example, home offices are increasingly popular among many companies.

G. It allows them to make changes to their work schedule which will suit their lives. Are you sometimes stressed? Singing is a simple and effective way to reduce stress. It is beneficial mainly in the following three aspects. Physical Benefits

___16___ This is especially recommended for the elders and those who have some form of disability in their voice. However, it is important to find a capable instructor to employ good singing techniques so as not to further damage vocal cords (声带) or lungs. Singing also helps to improve your posture (姿势). Most people think that singing begins and ends with their mouth. ___17___ Singing practice will get you used to the proper body position of standing and help you form the good habit of standing straight.

Emotional Benefits

Singing helps in reducing your depression and lowering your stress level. When you sing, your body releases chemicals that make you feel happy, easing the tension and helping you to relax. ___18___ Social Benefits

The social benefits of singing are huge. ___19___ So people who suffer from stage fright are advised to sing in front of family and friends before a live performance.

Singing is also very good for improving your communication skills. It is said that singing to babies helps to prepare their brains for language and may lessen the risk of

language problems later in life. ___20___ The time spent in group singing, whether in a choir or at karaoke, creates a deep and lasting bond of friendship.

A. Try to regain your memory by singing. B. First, it can help build up your confidence greatly. C. When you sing, you can give your lungs a workout. D Singing helps you to strengthen your immune system. E. For adults, singing also enlarges your circle of friends. F. In fact, the position of each body part affects your voice. G. So, start to sing your favorite song next time you are feeling upset.

What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. ___36___. Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times. Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian (爬行动物似的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, to “look good.” Let’s just face it. ___37___ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blaming and shaming. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them. Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. ___38___ Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. ___39___ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.

___40___ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”

A. Practice positive self-talk. B. So the solution to pain is an inside job. C. Patience abilities benefit you in many ways. D. Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times. E. We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.

F. The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming. G. Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pains and annoyances. On December 22, 2016 I landed in the land of the “American Dream.” _____36_____ Here is one of the things I’ve struggled with during my almost one year in the States. ____37____ My uncle and aunt joked that I brought rain from Saigon to America. Saigon, where I come from, is the old name of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Vietnam is a tropical country where it rains most of the year. Before going to the U.S., actually, I had no idea what to expect about its weather, but the big rain on my arrival gave me the first expectation of what the weather here might be like. California is known for having a great climate — more sunshine, cooler in summer and warmer in winter. _____38_____ However, having been here for a pretty long while now, I have experienced various forms of climate in California. ____39____ Most of the time I was living in Silicon Valley, where the weather is a bit colder than where I study in Orange County. But I was really surprised to find chill-to-the-bone weather in San Francisco — a big shift from Silicon Valley in only about an hour’s drive. How strange!

____40____ The worst is that I get n runny nose whenever I wake up in the morning. Because I am allergic to the cold and windy weathers, I keep sneezing badly, and even more badly if I get caught in the cold. I think that my body needs more time to get used to this climate, but as many people said, I am luckier to be in California where I don’t have to fight with extreme weathers as in other stales.

A. I am sensitive to weather change. B. Such strange weather has affected my health. C. So the amount of rain this year is considered unusual. D. LAX airport in California welcomed me with a big rain. E. So I quickly get used lo the unchangeable climate in California.

F. The weather varies widely depending on where you are in the state.

G. Since then, I have discovered tons of dilemmas about life in America.

If you're going abroad for college, you might be thinking about how to get yourself a safe and cozy home for the years ahead. Of course, dormitories are always a good place to start. but some large state colleges require juniors to live off campus due to the limited number of dorm rooms. ___16___ How to find a house

___17___. If you are just a freshman or don't know many people, don't hesitate to approach some upperclassmen in your classes or clubs. More often than not, upperclassmen have more experience with renting and are more familiar with the area your school is in. Another good idea is to talk to seniors who are currently living off- campus. These seniors' landlords will most likely be looking for new tenants (房客) after graduation. Also, registered realtors（房地产经纪人）might be able to find you a place for a fee. In addition, Facebook groups can also provide some useful information.___18___. Roommates

Having roommates can not only save us some money, but also give us valuable com-panionship. However, remember that finding the right roommates for you is the most important thing, other than safety concerns.___19___, definitely do not lie about your preferences, schedule, or habits, even if talking about them could make you uncomfortable. On the other side, also remember to ask your potential roommates to tell you about themselves in detail. ___20___,please do everybody a favor by being upfront about it. Constantly running into conflicts with your quiet roommate is definitely the last thing you want. A. If you are a party animal B. While looking for roommates C. Get along well with your roommates D. When having a chat with your roommate E. First, you can ask your friends who are already living off campus F. However, be really careful if you get in touch with strangers through the internet

G. Nonetheless, renting an apartment can give you some hands-on experience with living School life is a very important part of one's life. It provides opportunity for study and discipline (自律）.It is also a preparatory period for entering public life. ___16___ . Good qualities such as honesty and discipline are developed in pupils. They show good behavior in the classroom，playground，library and other places. School is a meeting place for students and teachers. School life is generally a period of youth. In school，all the students study together. ___17___. They read together，play together and sit together. At this time， they have early dreams which will come true as they grow older. ___18___ Students take part in games and competitions. School also gives opportunity for the budding (薪露头角的)poets，scientists，writers，doctors and painters. It is in school that the students enjoy the pleasure of achieving their goals. Teachers are those who guide the students on the right path. In school， teachers try to lead students away from bad thoughts.___19___.

In the library，in class and in competitions，students get chances to improve themselves. Above all，in examinations they try to show their best sides. Thus，they get the opportunity to take part in more activities. ___20___. But some students are satisfied with bad friends and try to avoid the influence of their teachers. Those students will miss the joys of their school life. A. They forget their joys and sorrows. B. School is the right place to realize early dreams. C. School helps students understand discipline better. D. School has clearly a healthy influence on students. E. And at the same time，they teach them good qualities. F. School life is of great importance to both students and parents.

G. School provides chances for students to fill their brain with knowledge.

About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries.Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. ___36___ There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language.Why is this? ___37___ One of them is that English has become the language of business.Another important reason is that popular American culture(1ike movies，music，and McDonald’s)has quickly spread throughout the world.___38___ Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? ___39___ It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another.On the other hand，English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings its culture with it.Do we really need that? Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn’t too difficult and doesn’t include any one group’s culture.It is called Esperanto.___40___ Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either.Who knows? There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language.Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language. A.People like English. B.But it hasn’t become popular.

C.It has brought its language with it. D.There is no doubt about the question. E.This is why English was widely spoken. F.It has become the new international language. G.There are many reasons why English has become so popular. Since the 1980s eco-tourism has grown and grown. It is the fastest growing type of tourism.

If done well, eco-tourism has several advantages. It is kinder to the environment. ___36___This means that more natural habitat is protected and that the resources for building come from sustainable (可持续的) sources.Another advantage is that people in the developed world through eco-tourism get to experience places of great natural importance as well as communicating with local people. ___37___ However, there are some disadvantages of eco-tourism. It is felt by some environmentalists that any human activity will cause disorder in the routine of animals. ___38___ Another problem for local people is that they are expected to pose for cameras and dance etc. for money. ___39___The tourists are destroying the culture that they are paying to protect. Eco-tourism tries to go to the places far away from other communities. ___40___There is nothing stopping people taking money from tourists as well as doing environmentally unfriendly activities. It seems that the disadvantages often outweigh the advantages of eco-tourism. It might be better to take pictures of animals rather than kill animals, but given the choice the animals would sooner not have people around. It seems whether eco-tourism should be allowed should be judged case-by-case, and that the local people must be considered. A. These places are often not well policed. B. People walking through the forest may do much harm. C. And these activities will also damage the eco-system. D. It seldom ends people to untouched parts of the world. E. This is good for both parties: they both can better understand each other. F. And it encourages developers to consider the natural environment more.

G. It discourages the local people from pursuing their traditional life styles.

Choosing a major is a very important thing in our life. However, at the same time, it can be extremely challenging. So it's necessary to learn some simple tips that will make your decision much easier. ___36___ And how does that choice affect your future career? We can help guide you in choosing a major. Your major is your primary field of study in your undergraduate (大学的 ) program. It is the subject in which you earn your bachelor's degree. After completing a list of general education courses, you spend the rest of the time studying one subject of your choice. ___37___. For many students, it's best to try out different classes to figure out a major you'll like, but you need to have a couple of solid choices. ___38___, you should begin taking courses you are required to complete before graduation, so it will decrease your chances of needing to switch majors later because you already know what to expect.

___39___, you should begin thinking about how your field will lead to a job as soon as possible. Consider clubs, research programs and part-time jobs related to potential career choices for your major. For more career-specific majors like nursing and engineering, the majority of your studies will include skills that can be used in a future job. ___40___The sooner you begin working in a lab, on research projects or helping as a teaching assistant for a professor, the better you'II be able to figure out your career. A. You have to think of ways to choose a major B. Be sure that you choose a major that suits your interests C. Once you have a better idea of which major you like best D. While your major may or may not lead directly to a career E. Do some research to find out which majors can help you get that job

F. Roughly one-third to one-half of your courses will be related to your major G. However, you should still consider doing activities outside of the classroom to better prepare you Basketball is a great sport that is not only fun, but also brings children many benefits in different ways. ___16___. Playing basketball has physical benefits. Children are full of energy—they need to move, jump and run constantly. Basketball will allow them to control that energy in a positive way. It’s a full-body sport. ___17___ Since it’s a fast and dynamic sport, children need to follow the game and the continuous movement of the ball. The ball moves quickly from one side of the court to the other and the kids move at the same pace which helps improve both resistance and speed. Playing basketball has cognitive (认知的) benefits. Children who practice playing basketball develop skills that help them fight against opponents and move around the court. This sport helps them increase their ability to concentrate. ___18___ Children will learn to assess surrounding situations and problems that may arise, and then find the best and fastest solution. The fast pace of the game encourages quick decision-making and stimulates their concrete and abstract thinking. ___19___ Since it’s a team sport, basketball promotes sociability, coexistence and respect among peers. It’s ideal for shy children because they will have to learn to interact with other players. This is important both to get better at the sport and to have more fun. They will also learn important values like cooperation, teamwork and competitiveness.

___20___ In fact, there are many other benefits. The most important thing is that it’s a very fast and fun sport. This tends to make the vast majority of children enjoy it.

A. Playing basketball just has entertaining benefits. B Playing basketball has social and emotional advantages. C. These are not all of the advantages of playing basketball.

D. This means that it strengthens muscles in their whole body.

E. It also makes them more aware of the environment around them. F. This sport promotes healthy development in children for a number of reasons. G. However, there are some disadvantages when children keep running on the court.

It can be truly terrifying to fall through ice on a frozen lake． ___16___In fact， there is more time to help you survive than you think．

As you first hit the freezing water， you will almost breathe quickly at once． Remember to get control of your breathing and not to move around． ___17___This means that it takes about one minute to gain control of your breathing， ten minutes to move before you get too cold． The final one is to remind you that it will take one hour before you become unconscious．

Take that first minute and fully focus on your breathing． Slow it down， and then look around to see if you can locate the thickest area of ice． When you locate the ice， stretch your arms over the surface， and then begin to flutter-kick （上下打水） until your body becomes horizontal with the surface． ___18___ It is possible that you can live for several hours after passing out． This， however， does require some planning．You only have about 10 minutes before your muscles and nerves become too cold to work． Besides， what if you feel too weak to go on and you cannot get out？ ___19___The point is to encourage your coat to freeze to the ice， so that if you lose consciousness， you will keep your head out of ice．___20___ A． It can help to remember the "1-10-1 principle"．

B． However， if you remain calm， it can save your life．

C． Remove any clothing or heavy objects that are weighting you down．

D． Thus you will remain visible for rescue， even if you pass out．

E． Kick hard and use your arms and hands to climb out of the water．

F． Remember that you should always stay office that's only 3 inches．

G． Place your arms over the surface of the ice and remain still．

Are you trying to find ways to be more efficient at your job? If so, please follow these habits of naturally productive people. They take breaks. ___16___ Studies show that prolonged tasks that require high levels of focus, energy, and attention can cause you to become less productive and focused over time. Take brief mental breaks. Setting aside a little time here and there to release your focus can significantly help maintain it for longer periods of time.

___17___ Settle down, super men and women. While it's fine to pride yourself on your abilities to multitask, it's in your best interest (and your employer's) if you stick to one to-do at a time. Somewhere along the lines, our culture has embraced and promoted this idea that the more we can do at once, the better. ___18___ In fact, the more we

multi-task, the less efficient and productive we become in all the tasks we are trying to accomplish. They have a full night's sleep. In school, you may have found that too many students stay up late to finish a paper or study for an exam, but, despite your best efforts, research shows this is not the way to do business. ___19___ Actually, studies have linked insufficient sleep to decreased levels of productivity, unsatisfactory work performance, and poorer safety outcomes. ___20___ You know the countless benefits of exercise. It also seriously improves your mood by releasing something to relieve stress and increase your brains productivity. Even 30-minute bursts of moderate-to-high physical activity just three to four times a day can go a long way in helping you accomplish your personal and professional goals. A. They value fitness. B. Pressing pause Is Important. C. They prefer to do more every day. D. However, research shows the opposite. E. They don't try to do everything at once. F Enough sleep makes great contribution to efficient work. G. Poor sleep or lack of sleep carries some pretty negative rewards.

Helping your daughter say no to pressure You are her greatest influence ___16___. It may seem that they aren’t listening, but they truly are. When parents stay involved in their daughter’s lives, tell them their views and values, they lend to make belter choices for themselves. Be straight about what cannot be done Parents need to work out what is and what isn’t negotiable(可协商的). ___17___. You have to do something. With things like drinking alcohol and when it comes to her personal safety, you have to let her know what is and isn’t OK.

Seek advice from friends and experts ___18___, yet when our children reach adolescence we seem to think we need to parent alone. Similarly, let her know that it is OK if she seeks advice from other adults such as her adviser or counselor(法律顾问). ___19___ Quite often we like to talk the talk but we have to walk the walk. Your daughter will learn so much from how you manage yourself and how you behave and respond, and similarly how you handle pressure. Be aware of behavior changes If your daughter becomes troubled with dieting, her phone keeps ringing or she begins spending too much time on the Internet, it may indicate that something goes wrong in her

world. ___20___. You also need to be a bit more aware of what might be going on in her world. A. Be your daughter’s role model

B. If everything is non-negotiable, you will have conflicts C. These are indicators that you need to have a conversation D. If you expect her not to drink or smoke, she may follow you E. Parents need to know their big influences on their daughters F. Ask your daughter to consider the media and social influences G. Parents will actively learn how to look after their newborn baby I’ve seen every shape, color and creative package of job application possible. But I’ve never seen one that actually scared me. But then recently, something happening shocked me. ___16___, safety guards at Eastern Illinois University asked all the students to leave a building. “There was no return address. It was poorly written and poorly addressed to the university. There were misspellings,” school spokeswoman Vicki Woodard said on Saturday. “There was some tape over it. ___17___.” The unusual size, no return address, misspellings in the address and the tape holding torn parts together were enough to bring in the local bomb experts. They examined the package with X-rays and blocked off nearby streets—only to discover the envelope contained only an application for admission to the school. ___18___. Would you think that young student would be a great addition to your university? Would you want that person working for you—representing your company? ___19___, with a baseball cap on, and then asking, “You don’t have any jobs, do you?”, I am always amazed. I also see college graduates wandering at career fairs in slippers and coffee-stained T-shirts, handing out resumes (简历) in hope of getting a well-paid job. These people are usually not hired. It’s funny how a clean shirt and pair of pants, an enthusiastic smile and direct eye contact can change the economy immediately. ___20___. A. If you dress well and behave politely B. Just the whole appearance was rather strange C. I wonder what you would think of that application D. Good manners and politeness are usually ignored nowadays. E. When I see people walking into business companies in torn shorts

F. After a doubtful looking package addressed to the college was discovered

G. It’s also funny how a well-prepared application will get you into your favorite university

We automatically assume that as adults, we’re wiser than when we were children. However, actually we can learn a lot from our childhood self. For example, we can learn to develop optimism about the future. Do you remember how excited you used to be just before Christmas? ___36___ Reintroduce that childlike wonder into our daily experiences. We can learn to dream big and imagine the impossible. How often have you heard a child say something like “One day, I’m going to be an astronaut”? Our adult minds immediately laugh at this idea and think about all the logical reasons as to why this might never happen. ___37___ We minimize our chances of attaining what we dream about. It is okay to dream big just as our childhood self did. ___38___ Our childhood self looked at possibilities and believed we could achieve them successfully. If we wanted to build a tree house, we’d go about thinking about how to make it happen instead of focusing on all the reasons it might not happen. In this way we can fill our life with possibilities rather than regrets. We can learn to be playful and silly sometimes, ___39___Children spend a large amount of time escaping from reality to mess about and have fun. Make time for your childhood self to come out and play. Run around the garden, wear a silly hat or spend time laughing. ___40___. A. Don’t imagine things could go wrong.

B. We can learn to hold a “can do” attitude.

C. That feeling of great joy is hard to beat. D. Most children tend to think in a positive way. E. All of these activities can make us feel happy and alive. F. We employ self-limiting beliefs without even realizing it. G. All work and no play makes a person very dull and upset. Stress occurs when you feel that demands placed on you — such as work, school or relationships — are beyond your ability. ___11___ However, untreated long-term stress can result in serious health conditions including anxiety, insomnia, muscle pain, high blood pressure and a weakened immune system. ___12___ Everyone is different, and so are the ways they choose to manage their stress. Some people prefer pursuing hobbies such as gardening, playing music and creating art, while others find relief in more solitary (独自的) activities: meditation, yoga and walking. ___13___ Do some exercise. The research keeps growing — exercise benefits your mind just as well as your body. We keep hearing about the long-term benefits of a regular exercise routine. But even a 20-minute walk, run, swim or dance session in the midst of a stressful time can give an immediate effect that can last for several hours. ___14___ It may seem difficult to get away from a big work project, a crying baby or a growing credit card bill. But when you give yourself permission to step away from it, you let yourself have time to do something else, which can help you have a new

perspective or practice techniques to feel less overwhelmed. It’s important not to avoid your stress (those bills have to be paid sometime), but even just 20 minutes to take care of yourself is helpful. Smile and laugh. Our brains are interconnected with our emotions and facial expressions. When people are stressed, they often hold a lot of the stress in their face. So laughs or smiles can help relieve some of that tension and improve the situation. Try meditation. Meditation and mindful prayer help the mind and body to relax and focus. Mindfulness can help people see new perspectives, develop self-compassion and forgiveness. ___15___ Much like exercise, research has shown that even meditating briefly can bring immediate benefits. A. Take a break from the stressor. B. Get some social support from whatever sources you can access. C. Too much stress can affect body systems and cause mental problems. D. Here are four healthy techniques that may help reduce stress in the short- and long-term. E. But by finding positive, healthy ways, many of these negative health consequences can be reduced. F. When practicing mindfulness, people can release emotions contributing to the body physical stress. G. Some stress can be beneficial at times, producing a boost that helps people get through tough situations. Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques Self-Discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life. ___16___ We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life. 1. Start small The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step, as the proverb goes. ___17___ Instead, stamina(耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day’s target.

The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.

2. ___18___ Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven’t made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you’ve done and encourage you to keep going.

3. Exercise your willpower

___19___Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain. The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective. ___20___ And it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life. A. Measure your goals. B. Build a support system. C. However, it is easier said than done. D. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand. E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management. F. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people. G. You don’t train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day.

Listening to happy music at work can help you complete tasks more quickly, especially if you’re doing something repetitive such as checking e-mail or filing documents. ______16______. Cornell University researchers also found that upbeat tunes help workers cooperate and make group decisions that contribute to the good of the team. Music decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol just as well as massage therapy does, according to a small 2010 study. Scientists randomly assigned anxious patients to listen to music either during massage therapy or while lying in a dim room._______17_______. ________18________. After surgery, it helps reduce pain. An analysis of 73 studies published in the Lancet in 2015 confirmed that listening to music before, during, or after surgery improves anxiety and pain levels, which in turn means less pain medication. People come up with more creative solutions when they listen to happy, upbeat music than when they sit in silence, according to researchers from the Netherlands and Australia. It may be because music improves your brain’s flexibility or because it relaxes you enough for the creative juices to flow. _________19_________; research also has found that moderate(适度的) volume provides the creativity sweet spot. Whether you’re running, biking, or walking, you’ll go farther if you pump up the jams, studies have found. _____20_____. The effect is so great that the author of a 2012 review examining the psychological effects of music on exercise called music “a type of legal performance-enhancing drug.”

Maybe you’ve heard about Alzheimer’s patients coming alive when they hear a song from their past. Studies show that music helps them retrieve memories, communicate more effectively, and remember who they are. A. After three months those who just listened to music experienced the same drop in anxiety as those also got massages

B. One study showed that the accuracy and efficiency of surgeons improved when they worked with the music of their choice in the background C. Music has been used to heal for centuries, and now we’re learning why it works D. Music distracts you from your discomfort and motivates you to stay with the beat

E. But don’t play the music too loudly

F. Listening to music before surgery has been shown to ease anxiety and limit the need for sedatives(镇静剂) G. Time does fly when you’re listening to music

In a world surrounded by bad news, it may feel like an unhappy place sometimes.___16___ If you make even one person smile today, you can help make this world a better place. Here is list of ideas to help you. ___17___In this day and age where everything is sent via the Internet, it's a shock to receive a letter through the post. Putting pen to paper and writing a few words to a friend can be an easy way to make a positive impact. Requiring some time and research to find the perfect project, volunteering is one of the nicest things you can do. Whether you volunteer at your local youth group or take dogs from shelters for a walk, the simple fact that you are giving up your time to help someone else is incredible. There are so many opportunities.___18___ Tell someone "I love you". It can be anyone. ____19____Perhaps you can tell a friend that you appreciate all they are to you, or remind your mum that it's her birthday. Sometimes, in our busy lives we forget to take a moment to tell people what they mean to us. ___20___Whether you're creative or not, taking time to make something for someone else shows how much you appreciate them. Even if you think you're not creative, the recipient will feel lucky to get such a unique gift that you put your precious time into. Some ideas could include a card, painting, drawing, song, poem or cake!

A. However, you can make a difference. B. It's a surprise to send a handwritten letter. C. And you don't even have to say "I love you" D. So you are sure to find one that is right for you. E. And it doesn’t necessarily have to take up all your life.

F. Making something for a special person is always unique. G. Even a postcard with a couple of sentences could really make someone's day.

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.___16___

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ____17____We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.___18___ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.____19____ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ____20____ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

F. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. G. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. Habits to Be a Highly Effective Student Some students are able to get straight A’s and at the same time serve as the president of three clubs. However, some students struggle to keep their GPA (Grade-Point Average) above a 3.0. ____26____Although it’s true that everyone’s IQ is different, good study habits are very important. Here5re several habits you should adopt to get good grades.

____27____If you haven’t had a planner (规划薄), get one. Many people use their computers and smartphones to make a schedule. The problem with that approach is that they are major distractions (分心的事物). Instead, get an old-fashioned paper and pen planner. Create a weekly schedule._____28_____Include time that will be spent eating, sleeping and doing anything not related to school work. That way you know exactly how much you can accomplish each day. Take frequent, short breaks. Taking a break from studying for 15 minutes every hour will help keep you refreshed._____29_____ If you don’t take a break, you may find

yourself daydreaming or even falling asleep. Take some time for some water, a snack or a quick chat with a friend. Take care of yourself. During final exam week, it is common for students to fall behind on sleep and meals. Make sure you get a good night’s sleep and have regular meals. Studying while hungry or sleepy is ineffective and will slow you down in the long run. Also try to make time for friends and family._____30_____. A．Keep things organized. B．Keep away from your computers. C．Of course, not everyone needs breaks. D．Our brains are not meant to work for hours nonstop. E. Having a good support system will help with all the stress. F. And they seem to spend all of their time in studying. G. Then under each day, make a list of things to do each hour. E

The effect of bullying(欺凌) can be serious and even lead to tragedy. Unfortunately，it is still a mostly researched area. ___16___That year，two students with shotguns，both of whom had been considered gifted and who had been bullied for years，killed 13 people，wounded 24 and then committed suicide.A year later，an analysis by the US government found that bullying played a major role in more than two-thirds of the campus violence. ___17___Numerous invaders throughout history have tried to defend their bullying behavior by claiming that they themselves were bullied. ___18___ Although there is no justification for bullying，many of the worst humans in history have indeed bullies and victims of bullying. Since bullying is often ignored,it may provide an important clue in crowd behavior and passer-by behavior.___19___Many of them have suggested bullying as one of the reasons of this becoming less sensitive to violence.___20___in this sense，bullying affects not only the bullied but his friends and classmates and the whole society. A.Research indicates that the victim often becomes the bully. B.Psychologists have been puzzled by the inactivity of crowds and bystanders when crimes occur in crowded places. C.More attention should be paid to people's reaction to bullying when it happens. D.Hitler,for example,is claimed to have been a victim of bullying in his childhood.

E.Campus bullying is becoming a serious problem in some high schools in big cities.

F.The friends and classmates of the bully and the victim also accept the violence as normal. G.The link between bullying and school violence has attracted increasing attention since 1999.

If you have been living away from home for quite some time, a life skills course may seem to be helpful. ____16____ They will help you to become a more successful adult in the future. A life skills course can teach you to: ___17___ Although you may be able to make a simple pasta (面团) meal, or microwave a ready meal, a life skills course teaches you how to make healthy choices and cook them for yourself. Whether you are a teenager soon to be leaving home, or an adult in your 30s or 40s, ___18___ Sort out your finances.

___19___ It is not easy to work out a budget other than just trying to pay all of your bills when your wage comes in and then living on the rest until the next pay day. A life skills course will teach you how to make a budget and stick to it without having to stop yourself from doing the things that you want to do. Choose and find your dream job.

It is never too late to retrain and go for the career that you always wanted. Coming out of school and being expected to know what you want to do for the rest of your life is ridiculous. ___20___ A. Live and eat healthily. B. Leading a healthy life. C. A life skills course can teach you a range of skills and ways of living. D. This is something few adults actually have planned well. E. it is never too late to learn how to choose foods which will make you feel great.

F. A life skills course will teach you how to work out what you actually want to do, and then get there. G. it is time that we should learn how to choose foods which are most fit us feel.

Changing your life can come in small, easy steps. You can transform yourself and live a better life by making positive changes along the way. Here are some choices that will lead to your transformation. Choose to change bad habits

Some bad habits seem to stick around without us even realizing it. ____16____You can overcome them, find better alternatives, and get through your struggle to become a better you! Do it for yourself more than anything. Choose to grow

It’s easy to get stuck in a fixed way of life. _____17_____ In choosing to grow, you build character, develop your strengths, become aware of what needs improvement, and turn into the well-rounded person you need to be to succeed. Choose to seek a balanced life

Where do you need balance? Are you all work, no play? Or the opposite? _____18_____ If you’re spending too much time working or locked away alone, find the time for social interaction and having fun. If you haven’t committed to a schedule in a while, make the decision to start following one. _____19_____ This is vital to human existence. We need the loving bonds created by family members and friends. Personal relationships are key to emotional growth and social stability. Choose to live your passion

Whatever your dream is, you can have it. The person you wish to be and the things you wish to achieve are within you. Make the choice to pursue those passions at whatever cost. It may mean clearing out your schedule or doing something you’ve never done. _____20_____ A. Choose to spend time with those you love B. Choose to organize your schedule flexibly C. Make the choice today that you won’t be ruled by them.

D. Neither extreme will lead you to a pleasant life for very long. E. However, with re-evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom. F. It’s good to change, and you’ve only got so many years to refresh yourself.

G. However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it. What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? ___16___ We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. ___17___ Mental exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. ___18___ If on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent. ___19___ According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did.”or“___20___”

A.A healthy body contributes to one's intelligence. B. Parents should also be careful about what they say to young children.

C. What people want to express is like this. D. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. E，It needs exercise. F. You are such a smart child.

G. These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.

Many of us deal with the rush every morning in preparation for work or school, but it doesn't have to be this way. With a little time management, these steps can help you cut down on your morning stress. Create an evening preparation routine.

___36___ These simple tasks will take you less than 30 minutes to complete each evening and will save you a huge headache every morning. Get a good night's sleep.

Make sure you start winding down for bed at a reasonable hour to allow enough time for a healthy night's sleep. ___37___ If needed, set a bedtime reminder alarm on your alarm clock. Always keep the temperature in your bedroom comfortably cool.

___38___ An extra 30 minutes in the morning will make a difference. As long as you go to bed on time, waking up 30 minutes earlier should seem natural after just a few days. Use this time to think, shower and eat breakfast. Plan a realistic day.

Writing things down means you don't have to worry about forgetting to do them. ___39___ Write down anything that cannot be put off to the following day.

___40___ Getting up to face a new day is far more satisfying when you have something to look forward to. Make sure you manage your time better so that you have time to do something you love on a daily basis. A. Morning stress is very common. B. Schedule something you love daily. C. Never fill your mind with unnecessary worries. D. Make a summary of what you did in the daytime. E. Wake up 30 minutes earlier. F. Iron your clothes, locate your keys, plan a nutritious breakfast, etc.

G. Most people require seven to eight hours' sleep each night. New research helps to explain why screaming is disturbing and useful. Screams, like those we hear in horror movies, have a special quality that separates them from other noises we make and hear. These screams are recognized by people all over the world. ___16___"Every kid in every culture screams. Every adult in the context of a true fear responds with screams. So it's just a feature of the human mind and brain．”

David Poeppel is a neuroscientist at New York University. He wondered why screams were recognized the same way by people all around the world. So, he and his colleagues set up an experiment.

They recorded screams from movies and from volunteers who took part in the research.___17___Instead, they measured how quickly the sounds in the scream changed in volume. It was in this area-the change in volume that screams stand apart from other sounds. When the volume of a sound changes that quickly it has a quality called roughness. "___18___David Poeppel and his team found that car alarms, sirens, and alarm clocks also have this quality, this roughness.”

The scientists then studied how this "roughness" changed brain activity. They asked the volunteers to listen to different types of screams and alarms in an MRI scanner, The researchers found that the greater "roughness" of a sound. the more it activates the amygdala. ___19___“The amygdala acts like a gauge that says ‘wow, this sound has a lot of roughness in it; that’s particularly alarming and scary. ’"

Screams, it turns out, are a direct link to the part of our brain that tells us whether we should be afraid or not. ___20___ Now, we know why a scream.. gets so much attention, So quickly. A. People who hear these rough sounds are also more likely to react to them very quickly.

B. People of all cultures and languages hear the same thing in a scream: fear. C. A scream is to say ‘I’m in trouble and I need help.’

D. The amygdala is an area deep in the brain that answers to fear. E. The more roughness a sound has, the more worrying it is F. Screams played a very important evolutionary role in our survival G. The scientists, however, did not measure the screams for loudness or pitch

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modem traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems.____16____Pollution means making things dirty. It comes in many ways. We see it，smell it, drink it and even hear it Man has been polluting the earth.___17___ Many years ago, the problem was not s。serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Manis now slowly polluting the whole world. ___18___It's bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily ___19___They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city and from putting dirty smoke into the air. The earth is our home. We must take care of it ___20___And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time A. The more people, the more pollution B One of the biggest is pollution

C. Air pollution is still the most serious D. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. E That means keeping the land, water and air clean. F I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem G Strange diseases have appeared jn some places because of pollution

People worldwide are living longer. Today, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. While this shift in proportion (比例) of a country’s population towards older ages---known as ageing---started in high-income countries, for example in Japan, 30% of the population are already over 60 years old, it is now low- and middle-income countries that are experiencing the greatest change. ____46____At the biological level, ageing results from molecular (分子的) and cellular damage over time. This leads to a growing risk of disease and eventually death. ______47______ That’s why we say there is no “typical” older person. While some 70 year-olds enjoy extremely good health, other 70 year-olds are weak and require a lot of help from others. ____48____ Retirement, relocation and the death of friends and partners are some of the possible reasons. For example, moving older people to a better house, which seems an admirable behavior, may do harm to their health eventually.

____49____ Some people believe older people can be active and productive. A longer life brings opportunities, both for older people themselves and for society. They can pursue new activities such as further education or a new career. They also contribute in many ways to communities. ______50______ This can lead to discrimination against older people. Therefore, society as a whole needs to address the ageist attitude by developing sound policies and offering various opportunities so that older people can experience fulfilling ageing. A. Nobody can ever escape from the ageing process. B. But these changes are only loosely linked to person’s age.

C. Yet the extent of their contribution depends heavily on their health. D. Beyond biological changes, ageing is also related to other life changes. E. Although ageing is a universal trend, views towards older people divide.

F. However, to others, older people are weak, dependent, and a burden to society. G. By 2050, many countries like Chile and China will have a similar rate of older people to Japan.