Learning about Language设计意图

虚拟语气

语气的种类

1.

陈述语气：表示陈述一种事实。

2.

祈使语气：表示说话人提出请求、命令或劝告等。

3.

虚拟语气：表示说话人的主观愿望、想法、假设、猜测或建议，与真实语气相反，不表示客观事实。

1. as if, as though（好像，似乎）引导的从句

1）当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生的情况时，as if/though后接从句要用虚拟语气。

与现在事实不符：as if sb./sth. did/were... 与过去事实不符：as if sb./sth. had done. 与将来事实不符：as if sb./sth. would/could/might do eg: She acts as if she knew me.

He talks as if he had been to Paris before.

He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 2)

当说话人认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，用陈述语气。

It sounds as if it is raining. 2.

虚拟语气在if only引导的感叹句中，意为“要是...就好了”

与现在或将来事实不符：if only sb. did/were! 与过去事实不符：if only sb. had done. eg: If only I had gone to the cinema last night with you. 3.

wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，表示一种不太可能实现的愿望，结构为：

与现在事实不符的愿望：wish sb./sth. did/were... 与过去事实不符的愿望：wish sb./sth. had done. 与将来事实不符的愿望：wish sb./sth. would/could/do eg: I wish I were a bird.

I wish you had come to the lecture.

I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 4.

在某些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，形式为“sb. (should) do”,should可以省略，此类动词主要有：

坚持:insist（一定要，坚决要求）

命令:order，command 建议:advise,，suggest（建议），propose，recommend 要求:demand，desire，request，require 【注意】：suggest作“表明，暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说，坚持认为某事是事实”讲的时候，接的宾语从句均不用虚拟语气。

在由以上单词引导的主语从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“should do”，should可省略，这种主语从句由连词that引导，that不可省。

It is/was insisted/ordered/commanded/advised/suggested/proposed/recommended/demanded/desired/requested/required that sb. (should) do... 在由以上单词的名词形式作主语引导的表语从句中，虚拟语气的形式为“should do”，should可省略，这种主语从句由连词that引导，that不可省。

advice, demand, order, insistence, requirement,suggestion, command, request, proposal eg: My advice/suggestion is that you (should) get started.