Learning about Language名师课堂实录

Section_ⅡLearning_about_Language

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．partly adv.部分；在一定程度上→part n．部分

2．murder v．谋杀

n．谋杀；谋杀案

→murderer n．杀人犯

3．sheet n．片；张；薄片；被单

4．actress n. 女演员→actor n. 男演员

5．typist n．打字员→type v．打字→typewriter n．打字机

6．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地

7．hostess n. 女主人→host n. 男主人

8．invitation n．邀请→invite v．邀请

9．appoint vt.约定；指定；任命→appointment n．约定

10．raise vt.筹集；提高；饲养

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．come down

2．hand over

3．be concerned with

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

1．So，why do advertisers spend so much money on adverts? 2．You need to attach a small photo to your passport application before you send it in. 3．Committee members recently appointed me their chairman and have asked me to tell_you_how_much_we_all_appreciate_your_donation. 4．We ...can't_thank_you_enough. Ⅳ.单元语法聚焦

The Object Complement (宾语补足语) 跌落；传递；减价

移交；让与

与……有关

[单词点击]

1．partly adv.部分地；不完全地

Put partly in water，a stick looks as if it were broken. 如果把一根木棍部分放入水中，它看起来就像断了。

She was only partly responsible for the accident. 她只是对事故负部分责任。

part adj.

partial adj.

partially adv.

部分的

n. 部分

部分的；不公平的；偏爱的(常与to连用) 部分地；不完全地

partly，partially

(1)partly与wholly相对，着重数量上的部分。

(2)partially与completely相对，着重程度上的有限。

[译]

肉还没有煮熟。

The meat was only partly cooked.(×) The meat was only partially cooked.(√)

完成句子

[即境活用1]

(1)He____________________________ his parents(部分地依靠) because he is disabled. (2)I'm ______________________(特别喜欢) sweet foods. (3)She is____________________________(大部分时间) a well-behaved child. 答案：(1)depends partly on

(2)very partial to

(3)for the most part 2．sheet n．片；张；被单

A sheet of flame blocked his way out of the burning house. 一片火海堵住了通道，使他无法从燃烧的房子逃出。

The gift was wrapped in a sheet of newspaper. 礼物被包在一张报纸里面。

(as) white as a sheet

in sheets

脸色苍白

大片大片地；倾盆地

完成句子

[即境活用2]

(1)The rain was ______________________ (滂沱而下)，so we couldn't walk home. (2)He put __________________ (干净的床单) on the bed. (3)He picked up ____________________ (一张干净的纸) and began to write. 答案：(1)coming down in sheets

(2)the clean sheet

(3)a clean sheet of paper 3．raise v.

(1)抬高；提起

He raised his eyes from his work. 他停下工作抬起头来。

(2)(与to连用) 增加；提高

raise salaries/prices/profits.etc

提高工资/价格/利润等

raise one's voice/the temperature/standard of service

提高声音/温度/服务水平

The workers asked the boss to raise their wages. 员工们要求增加工资。

He raised his voice so as to be heard. 他提高了声音以便让别人听到。

(3)使产生或出现

raise doubts/fears/suspicions引起疑问/恐惧/怀疑

The horses' hooves raised a cloud of dust. 马蹄扬起一片尘土。

(4)使人人皆知

raise a protest/question 提出抗议/问题

Their performance raised a cheer of the audience. 他们的表演引起观众一阵喝彩。

(5)收集；募捐

raise an army

招募军队

raise a loan/funds for charity

筹集贷款/慈善基金

(6)养活；喂养；种植

I was raised by my aunt.我是姑母养大的。

Raising a family on a small income is so hard. 靠微薄的收入养家很难。

raise，rise，lift

(1)raise用作及物动词，意思是“举起，抬起，提高”，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。

(2)rise用作不及物动词，“升起，上升”。

(3)lift是用力“举起”沉重的东西。

[即境活用3]

(1)用raise，rise与lift的适当形式填空

①Price has been ________ up. ②Price________ gradually. ③The young man________ the stone at last. 答案：①raised

②rises

③lifted (2)The people's living standard has been greatly ________in the recent years. A．raised

C．lifted

B．risen D．arisen 解析：选A

句意：近几年来，人民的生活水平得到了大幅度的提高。raise vt.提高，增加；rise vi.增加，增长；lift(用力)提起/举起；arise vi.出现，产生，起来。故A项符合句意和语法要求。

4．appoint vt.任命；约定；指定

The time we appointed for the meeting is ten o'clock in the morning.我们定的开会时间是上午十点。

appoint ...(to be)．..

appoint sb. as...

appoint sb. to do sth.

appoint sb.to a post

appointment n.

make an appointment (with)

keep an appointment

任命……为……

把某人任命为……

指派某人做某事

派某人任职

约定，约会，任命

(与……)约会

赴约

The committee appointed him (as/to be) the director. 委员会任命他为主任。

They appointed him to do the work. 他们指派他干这项工作。

I've made an appointment with a client and may not come back for supper. 我和客户有约会，可能不回来吃晚饭了。

appointment，date

(1)appointment指在某个特定时间和地点做某事或约见某人的安排，如约见牙医、约见生意伙伴等。

(2)date尤指异性间为发展男女关系的约会，还可指约会的对象。

Who's your date tonight？你今晚和谁约会？

[即境活用4]

He's been ________ to the State Supreme Court in California.

A．determined

C．admitted

B．appointed D．assumed 解析：选B

考查动词含义。“appoint sb. to＋职位”意思是“派某人任某个职务”。

[短语精析]

1．come down跌落；传递；减价；败落

This song comes down to us from the 10th century. 这首歌自10世纪以来一直传到我们这一代。

I don't think meat will come down this year，do you? 我认为今年肉价不会下跌，你认为呢？

come about

come to

come out

come on

come through

come over

发生

提及；共计；想到；获知

出现；出版

开动；快点儿

公开；公布；安然渡过

来访；突然感觉

How did this come about？这是怎么回事？

[即境活用5]

When it ________ politics，I know nothing. A．comes to

C．comes out

B．comes about D．comes down 解析：选A

考查动词短语含义。come to“提及”；come about“发生”；come out“出版”；come down“下落”。句意：说到政治，我对其一无所知。故A项意思相符。

2．hand over移交；让与；交给某人

The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship to a young man. 舰长不愿将军舰的指挥权移交给年轻人。

Before handing over to Jim，I'd like to thank you all for your support. 在把工作移交给吉姆之前，我要感谢大家对我的支持。

hand in

hand down

hand back

hand out

hand on

Please hand in your homework on time. 上交；提交

传给；递下来

交还；交回

分发；随便地提供

传递；让与

请按时交作业。

[即境活用6]

This custom has been ________ since the 18th century. A．handed over

C．handed out

B．handed down D．handed back 解析：选B

考查动词短语含义。hand over“移交；让与”；hand down“传递”；hand out“分发”；hand back“交还，交回”。故B项符合句意(这种习俗从18世纪流传至今)。

3．be concerned with与……有关

The story is concerned with fairies and wicked magicians.这个故事与神仙和邪恶的魔术师有关。

This book is concerned with a Russian family in the 19th century.这本书写的是19世纪的一个俄国家庭。

be concerned about/for

concerning prep.

担心……

关于

就我个人看法而言

as far as I'm concerned

as far as I can see[即境活用7]

The comments which he made ________ marketing bothered his boss greatly. A．being concerned

C．be concerned

B．concerned D．concerning 解析：选D

句中which he made 为定语从句，concerning为介词，意为“关于”。句意：他所做的关于市场的评论使他老板非常困惑。

[句型归纳]

1．So，why do advertises spend so much money on advertisements?

那么，为什么广告商在广告上花费如此多的钱呢？

句中spend so much money on advertisements 是动词spend所构成的短语结构spend money on sth.。另外spend亦可构成另一结构：spend time/money(in) doing sth.。

She spends too much money on those spoiled kids of hers.她在被宠坏的孩子们身上花钱太多了。

Much of my time is spent studying financial reports. 我的大部分时间都花在研究金融报告上。

I spent a pleasant hour in talking with friends. 我跟朋友交谈，愉快地度过了一个钟头。

spend，cost，take，pay

(1)spend指“花钱，花费时间”，主语是人。常见结构：sb. spends money/time on sth.或sb.spends money/time(in)doing sth.。

(2)cost指“花钱”，主语是事或物。常见结构是：sth.costs sb. some money。

(3)take指“花费时间”，主语是不定式、动名词或名词。常用it作形式主语，其结构为：It takes sb.some time to do sth.。

(4)pay表示付钱、付账单等；pay for 表示买东西付款，也表示替别人付钱，主语是人，常见结构：pay sb. money或pay (money) for sth.。

[即境活用8]

—What is your plan for the holiday? —I'd like________ days with my family________ climbing. A．to spend；going

C．spending；going

B．to spend；to go D．spending；to go 解析：选A

would like之后跟动词不定式；spend 构成结构：spend time(in) doing sth.。

2．You need to attach a small photo to your passport application before you send it in.

你需要在邮寄前在你的护照申请上贴一张小照片。

句中before为连词，意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。

Where did you work before you came here? 在来这里前，你在哪里工作？

The fire lasted about four hours before the fire fighters could control it. 大火持续了大约四个小时消防人员才把它控制住。

It may be many years before the situation improves. 这种状况或许要过多年才能得到改善。

before 在引导从句时的常见用法和译法：

He asked a second question before I could answer the first one. 我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。

I must write it down before I forget it. 趁我还没有忘记，我得把它写下来。

We had sailed two days before we saw land. 我们航行了两天才看到陆地。

We arrived there before it started to rain. 我们到那儿时天还没有下雨。

[即境活用9]

The American Civil War lasted four years ________ the North won in the end. A．after

C．when

B．before D．then 解析：选B

句意：美国内战持续了四年北方才最终获胜。只有连词before符合句意。

3．We ...cannot thank you enough. ……(我们将)不胜感激。

句中cannot...enough为否定结构，表示“无论怎样也不过分”。否定结构表示肯定意义的还有：can't/never(...) too...to；can't...any more等。

It's never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。

You can't be too careful.你越仔细越好。

I couldn't agree any more.我非常同意。

[即境活用10]

When you drive the car，you are never________ careful to do it. A．so

C．too

B．very D．that 解析：选C

句意：当你开车时越小心越好。否定副词never与too连用，表示“再怎么样也不为过”。

宾语补足语与宾语同时出现，构成复合宾语。复合宾语常见类型：

1．名词(代词)＋形容词

She had proved them all wrong.她证明他们全错了。

这类复合宾语比较普遍。能跟这类复合宾语的动词有：beat，believe，call，consider，cut，declare，drive，dye，feel，find，get，have，hold，imagine，knock，leave，like，make，prove，send，set，shoot，shout，show，sleep，suppose，sweep，think，turn，want，wish等。

2．名词(代词)＋名词

He appointed her Secretary of State. 他任命她为国务卿。

以下动词常可以跟这类复合宾语：appoint，call，consider，declare，elect，entitle，fancy，imagine，judge，keep，make，name，pronounce，suppose，think，vote等。

3．名词(代词)＋不定式

He told me to be cautious.他要我谨慎。

宾语补足语

I often saw him play table tennis. 我经常见他打乒乓球。

常见的跟to do something 作宾补的动词很多，如：advise，allow，ask，bear，beg，bring，cause，command，dare，enable，encourage，expect，force，get，hate，help，inspire，intend，invite，like，know，oblige，order，permit，persuade，prefer，press，recommend，remind，request，require，teach，tell，train，urge，want，warn，wish等等。

下列动词只跟to be或其他动词的完成式或进行式作宾补：believe，consider，declare，deny，discover，find，imagine，judge，know，prove，report，show，suppose，think，understand等。

还有一类动词是跟不带to的不定式作宾补的。这些动词有feel，have，hear，help，let，make，notice，see，watch，observe，listen to，look at等。

4．名词(代词)＋分词

He saw two men fighting in the street. 他看到两个人在街上打架。

He found his house broken into. 他发现房门让人撬了。

由现在分词构成复合宾语的情况相当多，常见的能跟这类复合宾语的动词有bring，catch，discover，fancy，feel，find，get，hate，have，hear，imagine，keep，leave，like，listen to，look at，notice，observe，remember，see，set，smell，start，understand，watch等；而常用过去分词作宾补的动词有consider，declare，feel，find，get，have，hear，keep，leave，make，notice，order，see，want，watch，wish等。

5．名词(代词)＋介词短语或副词

I found her in excellent condition. 我发现他状态极佳。

You won't find him in at this time. 这时候你不会在家里找到他。

能跟介词短语作宾补的动词很多，常见的有keep，put，leave，let，find，place，hold，take，bring，get，talk，work，wish，suppose，consider，help，make等等；而跟副词作宾补的动词有have，find，wish，leave，bring，get，laugh，explain，help，drive，bow，turn，let，ask，expect等等。许多“动词＋副词”结构的短语如put up，turn off，put on，take off，switch off，have on，hand in，call in，work out，get in，pass on等，其中的副词即是宾补。

宾语补足语在意义上与宾语构成动宾关系，在使用中需注意以下几个问题：

1．个别动词后可能跟两个名词，但判断它们是双宾语还是复合宾语要看两个名词之间的关系。如果两个名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则是复合宾语，否则即是双宾语。

2．有些动词后可以跟多种形式(如动词不定式、现在分词、或过去分词等)作宾补，如：see，hear，feel，have，notice，watch，get等，其宾补的形式要根据其与宾语的主、被动关系来确定。

3．不定式作宾补有带to和不带to两种情况。这需要我们记住分别有哪些动词可以如此使用。另外要注意其被动语态。

1．(四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ after great effort. A．having developed

C．developed

B．to develop D．develop 解析：选C

考查非谓语动词。句意：辛苦努力后，很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。句子结构表明空格处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词see的宾语“many new products”与develop之间是被动关系且表示一个完成的动作，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

2．(北京高考)When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A．block

C．blocking

B．to block D．blocked 解析：选D

考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的全过程”；宾语补足语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾语补足语与宾语是动宾关系时，则用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。road与block之间是被动关系，故选D。

3．(四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake ________ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. A．to wind

C．winding

B．wind D．wound 解析：选C

考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语snake与wind之间为主动关系，且此动作正在进行，故选C。

4．(江西高考)Computers and mobile phones，though they are indeed making our life ________ and more ________，have reduced the need for face-to-face communications. A．easily; efficient

C．easy; efficiently

B．easier; efficient D．easily; efficiently 解析：选B

考查形容词。从状语从句的句子结构来看，make后为复合宾语，宾语补足语应为形容词充当。故选B项。A、C、D三项均有副词。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．Who would you rather________ the report? A．have written

C．have write

B．had written D．to write 解析：选C

句意：你想让谁来写这份报告？即have sb. do sth.。该句为对sb.进行提问构成的特殊疑问句。

2．He was disappointed to see the washing machine he________ went wrong again. A．had repaired

C．had had repaired

B．have had repaired D．have repaired 解析：选C

本题可遵循这样一个思路去做。①看到洗衣机又坏了，他很失望；②什么样的洗衣机？③他曾让人修过的洗衣机。故句中的“he________”为定语从句，修饰先行词machine；因为修洗衣机在再次坏之前，故在定语从句中用过去完成时，即he had had the washing machine repaired。

3．Jim was about to stand up when he saw something ________ near his feet. It's a snake! A．move

C．moved

B．moving D．to move 解析：选B

考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：吉姆正要站起来，这时发现脚边有东西在动。是一条蛇！此处moving在句中作宾语补足语，且表示动作正在进行。

4．When she woke up，she found the world outside ________ completely. A．changing

C．to change

B．changed D．change 解析：选B

find后跟宾语，再加宾语补足语，changed为过去分词，表示“已经改变了”的状态。

5．A cook will be fired if he is found________ in the kitchen. A．smoke

C．smoking

B．to smoke D．smoked 解析：选C

句意：如果发现在厨房中抽烟，厨师将被解雇。find sb. doing sth.发现某人在干某事。

6．—Did you witness the traffic accident round the corner? —It was really scaring.Many people were passing with their eyes half ________. A．covered

C．being covered

B．covering D．to be covered

解析：选A

句意：“你目睹拐角处的交通事故了吗？”“真的太可怕了。许多人路过时都半眯着眼(不敢看)。”因为eyes和cover是被动关系，所以用“with＋名词＋过去分词”这一结构表示某种状态。故答案选A。

7．John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes________. A．open

C．to open

B．to be opened D．opening 解析：选A

该句中考查动词keep后的宾补形式，在此表示状态，故用形容词作宾补。

8．The environmental problem we are looking forward to________ is ________ our attention. A．see being solved；worth B．seeing solved；worthy C．seeing solved；worthy of D．see to be solved；worth 解析：选C

句中“we are looking forward to ________”

为定语从句，修饰先行词problem；look forward to 中的to为介词，后跟动名词；本空还考查see sth.done结构。第二空构成be worthy of短语。故选C项。

9．The shop owner will get all these goods ordered ________ to the customers today. A．to deliver

C．deliver

B．delivering D．delivered 解析：选D

句意：商店的主人会在今天把所有预订的货物投递给顾客。根据句子结构分析可知，deliver和goods之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词在句中作宾补，故选D。

10．Laws that punish parents for their little children's actions against the laws get parents________. A．worried

C．worrying

B．to worry D．worry 解析：选A

句中的主句为：Laws get parents________，句中that...为定语从句。“使某人担忧”表达为get sb. worried。故选A项。

Ⅱ.完形填空

I did very badly at school.My headmaster thought I was __1__ and when I was 14 he said，“You're never going to be__2__ but a failure.”

After five years of __3__ jobs，I fell in love with a very nice middle-class girl.This was the best __4__ that could have happened to me.I __5__ I wanted to do something positive(积极地) with my life because I wanted to prove to __6__ that what people said about me was __7__.Especially her mother，who had said to me，“Let's __8__ it，you've failed at everything you've ever done.”

So I tried hard with my __9__ and went to college.My first novel(小说)

__10__ while I was at college. After college I taught during the __11__ in high schools and attended evening classes at London University，where I got a __12__ in history.I became a lecturer at a college and was thinking of __13__ that job to write fulltime __14__ I was offered a part-time job at Leeds University.I began to feel proud of myself—__15__ was a working-class boy who'd __16__ school early，now teaching at the university. My writing career(职业) took off when I discovered my own style.Now I'm rich and __17__，have been on TV，and met lots of film stars.__18__ what does it mean？I __19__ wish all the people that have put me down had __20__，“I believe in you.You'll succeed.”

1．A.bright

C．simple

B．useless D．hopeful 解析：选B

根据语境分析，这里是说校长认为我是一个无用之人，即废物。

2．A.anything

C．everything

B．something D．nothing 解析：选A

anything在这里的意思是“任何有用的人”。他认为我什么都成不了，只是一个失败者。

3．A.low

C．good

B．poor D．useful 解析：选B

文章中的poor job指可怜的功课，指学习不好；然而，我喜欢上了一个漂亮女孩。

4．A.support

C．surprise

B．happiness D．thing 解析：选D

我爱上了一个出身中产阶级的漂亮的女生，这对于我来说是最好的事情。

5．A.admitted

C．planned

B．decided D．told 解析：选B

爱情产生了力量，我决定做点积极的事情，因为我想证明一件事情。

6．A.me

C．her

B．them D．it 解析：选C

我想向她表明人们关于我的评论是不对的，我是一个有头脑的人。

7．A.wrong

C．stupid

B．right D．faulty 解析：选A

通过我的实际行动来说明人们对我的评价是错误的。

8．A.see

C．understand

B．know D．face

解析：选D

face一词在这里意思是说“面对(现实)”，意思是“让我们面对现实吧，你做过的任何事情都是失败的。”

9．A.experiment

C．writing

B．practice D．composition 解析：选C

从后文可以看出作者在写作方面取得了很大的成绩，所以应该选C。

10．A.came on

C．came out

B．came in D．came back 解析：选C

文章中的come out是“出版”的意思，主动形式表示被动含义。其他短语不适合这里的语境。

11．A.day

C．month

B．night D．year 解析：选A

由本句话的后半句中的evening作了提示，说明是白天上班，晚上去上夜校。

12．A.graduation

C．degree

B．pass D．success 解析：选C

这里是说在伦敦大学里我获得了历史奖学金。

13．A.giving in

C．giving out

B．giving back D．giving up 解析：选D

指放弃大学讲师的工作，专事写作。give in意思是“屈服，让步”；give back意思是“归还”；give out意思是“泄密”；give up意思是“放弃”。

14．A.while

C．when

B．if D．or 解析：选C

when表示“正在此时”，句子的意思是“正在这个时候，我有了一份兼职工作。”

15．A.there

C．it

B．here D．that 解析：选B

这是一个很早就辍学可现在却成了一名大学讲师的，出身于劳动者家庭的学生。

16．A.left

C．changed

B．attended D．graduated 解析：选A

leave school指“辍学，离校”，根据语境，这个题选择A项最合适。

17．A.tired

C．nervous

B．calm D．famous 解析：选D

指作者现在又富有又出名。句子意思是：现在我成名了，上电视了，见了

很多电影明星。

18．A.And

C．However

B．But D．Well 解析：选B

用but表示转折，但是这意味着什么呢？

19．A.just

C．so

B．exactly D．very 解析：选A

由上下文可知这只是作者的一个殷切希望。

20．A.praised

C．answered

B．said D．advised 解析：选B

从“我相信你，你会成功的”可知，这里作者期望人们“所说”的内容。