Using LanguageⅠ教学设计思路

Unit 3

Computer 教学设计

Period 3

Using Language

Teaching Aims: To discuss about IT To write a report about IT To read about androids or robots

Procedures I. Warming up by talking about IT What is Information technology? Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. II. Listening and writing Turn to page 22. Discuss in pairs what IT consists of and then make a list. Listen to the text

about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind.

III. Reading, speaking and writing It is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text Andy—The Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have!

Expressions from Andy—The Android part of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be as…as…, in fat, look like…, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to…, in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve one’s intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, program…with…, - 1 -

make up…, after all, with the help of…

Speaking and writing Suppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster.

IV. Writing a letter Suppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy.

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Android

An android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- ‘man, human’ and the suffix -eides used to mean ‘of the species, kind, alike’ (from eidos ‘species’).

The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used. Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations: a robot that closely resembles a human

a cyborg that closely resembles a human

an artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a human

Although essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence). The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (1838-1889) in his work Tomorrow’s Eve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said by the officer in the story, “In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.”

附：备课参考资料

Computer Basics To accomplish a task using a computer, you need a combination of hardware, software, and input. Hardware consists of devices, like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your computer there are more bits of - 3 -

hardware, including the motherboard, where you would find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the commands it receives from the software, and performs tasks or calculations. Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities. There is operating system software, such as the Apple OS for a Macintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is also application software, like the games we play or the tools we use to compose letters or do math problems.

You provide the input. When you type a command or click on an icon, you are telling the computer what to do. That is called input.

How They Work Together First, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This whole process is called booting up. The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use. You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Let’s use the example of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you’ve saved already. In either case, the computer now knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up other

hardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for. If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, you have provided input to tell the computer what to do. The browser software determines whether you have a printer attached to your computer, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the printer, then send the information about the web page from your computer - 4 -

over the cable to the printer, where it is printed out. II. Television Old portable television

A television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals and turns them into pictures and sound. The word “television” comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing). Usually a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and sat on the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit on shelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went. The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a whole wall in your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a large flat screen that can be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in wide screen shape like movie theatre screens, rather than old, more square TVs. A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air, or cable provider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected to computers and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called “SCART”. III. Web or World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages. It is not used to describe WebPages that are used offline where net services are not available, or no computer network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site exists other than the place where the computer is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be available because these require a communication with other computers. IV. Radio Radio is a communications invention. Though originally used to communicate between two people, it is now used to listen to music, news, and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs. V. DVD DVD most commonly stands for “digital versatile disk”. It can play video that is of a higher quality than a VHS tape.

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VI. Two kinds of DVD They can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using a DVD for a video is the ability to have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries. VII. Email Email (electronic mail) is a message, usually text, sent from one Internet user to another. Email is quicker than snail mail(mail) when sending over long distances and is usually free. To send or receive an email, a computer with a modem and telephone line connected to the Internet, and an email program are required. Email addresses are generally formated like this: login@server.(com or fr or org or uk or other).

Some companies let you send and receive email for free from a website. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! do this. VIII. Human Here are two humans. A man is on the left and a woman is on the right. A human or human being is a person, like you. A male human is a man, a female human is a woman. If you think about all humans in the whole world, they are called humanity. In the past, people have also used man and mankind to mean all humans. Humans are called Homo sapiens by scientists. Humans are an animal species that belongs to the group called primates. Monkeys are primates too, but the primates most like people are gorillas and chimpanzees. Most scientists think that chimpanzees and humans came from a common ancestor by what is called evolution. Other animals even more like humans than chimpanzees once lived too, but they are now extinct. Human rights are those things that everyone deserves and the way they should be treated by other people. 现在完成时的被动语态

构成：现在完成时的被动语态由have/has been + v-ed构成。

特点：

1．

主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

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The Great Wall has been rebuilt.

张飞庙已经过重建。

2．

说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如

The door has been locked.

门已经被锁上了。（我或别人现在进不去）

3．

作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。如：

He has been told about it for many times.

有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）

4．

用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：

We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.

工作一完成我们就立即动身。

注意事项：

1．

副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如：

[误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed.

2．

并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1）

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 2）

open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself. [正]The door has opened of itself.

3．

短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of.

Exercise 1. Both my brothers work at the power station that ___ in my hometown. A. has set up

B. has been set up C. was set up

D. is set up 2. _____ the sports meet will be put off, so now I am not busy. A. I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I told

3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete C. had been completed

D. have been done 4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed

B. have you been employed C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed 5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet. - 7 -

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided

BADBD

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