Learning about Language教案（名师）

Unit 1 Cultural Relics

Grammar 一.内容及其解析

本课主要学习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause）解决重点的关键是让学生指导学生从语境中理解语言的特定用法。

二.教学目标及其解析

本课的教学目标主要是让学生学习非限制性定语从句，并能用相关知识解决有关制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的练习。

三.问题诊断分析

在本节课的教学中，学生可能遇到的困难是难以不会区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。解决这一问题的关键是用形象，直观的例子来讲解。

四.教学支持条件：

课件

五．教学过程

Step1 Greeting and having a dictation. Step2 Revision 定语:修饰名词和代词的成分

如:a beautiful flower，the larger one 定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句

如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 定语从句

在此句中 film是先行词，that 是关系词。

关系词的作用：引导定语从句，代替先行词，在从句中担当一个成分

（1）God helps those who help themselves. （2）He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. （3）He whose hand is lazy has an empty mouth. （4）True friendship is like sound health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost. （5）As is known to all, where there is a will, there is a way. 设计意图：用学生已经学过的知识来引出新知识。

巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空

（1）.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. （2）. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. （3）.The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.

主备人：邵元美

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（4）.I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library. （5）.I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me. (6)October 1, 1949 was the day______ China was founded. (7)October 1, 1949 was the day on ______ China was founded. (8) Beijing is the place ______ I came. (9) Beijing is the place from ______ I came. (10) Is this the reason ____ he didn’t want to see me? (11)Is this the reason for ____ he didn’t want to see me? 答案：（1）who/that（2）who/whom/that(3)whose(4)which/that(5)which/that (6)when (7)which(8)where(9)which(10)why(11)which Step3 Learning about restrictive & non restrictive clauses Do the following pairs of sentences mean the same thing? （1）

My uncle, who lives in London, is very rich. My uncle who lives in London is very rich. （2）The policies, which were unpopular, were rejected by the voters. The policies which were unpopular were rejected by the voters. （3）My niece, whose husband is out of work, will inherit the house, which I have always treasured. My niece whose husband is out of work will inherit the house which I have always treasured. 讲解：The first sentence in each pair has a non-restrictive clause within two commas, and the second has a restrictive clause. A non-restrictive clause simply adds more information into the sentence and does not affect the meaning of the main clause: it is therefore bracketed off with commas (1a = an uncle who happens to live in London). Conversely, a restrictive clause defines its referent in the main clause more specifically and contributes significantly to the meaning of the sentence. Thus it is that particular uncle who lives in London who is referred to (1b). In 2a, all policies were unpopular and all were rejected, whereas in 2b only the policies that were unpopular were rejected. Note that in restrictive clauses the non-human relative pronoun is either ‘that’ or ‘which’, where as for human referents the relative pronoun can be either ‘who/m’ or ‘that’ (the man that/whom I will marry ....).

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设计意图：在复习的基础上进一步学习非限制性定语从句。

变式训练：

.1. As many children came were given some cakes. A. that B. as C. who D. whom 2. The visitors saw rows of houses the roofs are red. A. on which B. of which C. where D. that 3. She wore, _ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment. A. what B. that C. which D. it 4. The boys, _ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on. A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest me D. the tallest of them 5. I usually take a nap after lunch, is my habit. A. which it B. as it C. as D. that 6. Please tell me the way you did the job. A. how B. where C. which D. in which 7. Caves and hollow trees are not the only places . A. where do bats live B. which bats live C. where bats live in D. in which bats live 8. Is this museum some German friends visited the day before yesterday? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 9. The farmer uses wood to build a house to store grain. A. in which B. where C. that D. with which 10. The reason he failed was that he was too careless. A. why B. that C. \ D. A. B or C 11. I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. when, that D. which, that Little has been done is helpful to our work.

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A. that B. what C. which D. all that 13. Perhaps this is the only market you can get such cheap goods. A. that B. of which C. by which D. where 14. We’ll put off the outing until next week, __ we won’t be so busy. A. when B. which C. at which D. in that 15. Do you friends are coming to our party? A. whose else B. else who’s C. who’s D. who else’s (Keys: 1-15：BBCBC DDAAA BADAD) Step4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

（1）意义上：

限制性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，意义不完整。而非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。

（2）功能上：

限制性定语从句修饰先行词。而非限制性定语从句修饰先行词或整个句子。

（3）形式上：限制性定语从句无逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句有逗号与主句隔开。

（4）关系代词：在限制性定语从句中，有that 作宾语时可以省略。而非限制性定语从句中无that, 关系代词不可以省略。

如： The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. （有that，作宾语时可以省略）我昨天买的那本书是

《哈里.波特与凤凰令》

The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.（无that ,作宾语时不可以省）我昨天买的那本书是

《哈里.波特与凤凰令》

设计意图：明确区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。

六．课堂小结

重点在于以非限制性定语从句引出定语从句。

七.目标检测 1. I don’t like___you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that C. the way which

D. the way of which 2. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ___in the forest.

A. once they grew B. they grew once

C. they once grew

D. that once grew 3.

Carol said the work would be done by October, ______personally I doubt very much.

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A. it

B. that

C. when

D. which 4.

is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.

A. Which

B. As

C. That

D. It 5. He was very rude to the Customs officer,

of course made things even worse.

A. who

B. whom

C. what

D. which 6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy. A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what 7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,

was very reasonable. A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose 8.

The result of the experiment was very good,

we hadn’t expected. A. when

B. that

C. which

D. what 9. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous? A. its

B. it’s

C. whose

D. which 10.

John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,

was true. A. he

B. this

C. which

D. who 11. The film brought the hours to me

I was taken good care of in that far away village.

A. until

B. that

C. when

D. where

12.

is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What 13. He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

D. has been 14. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation

he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where

B. which

C. while

D. why 15. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A. he explained

B. what he explained

C. how he explained

D. why he explained 答案：1－5 ADDBD 6－10 BBCCC 11-15 CBAAA 八.配餐作业

A.完形填空

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The night started our ordinarily enough.Jack and Tara，our__1__，were in their small beds surrounded by toy animals.My husband，Pat，and I went to sleep__2__. __3__after midnight，Jack quietly touched me.“Mommy，I want to stay with you.I promise I won’t take much room.” I shifted__4__to make room.My son soon fell asleep. An hour later，Tara cried and I carefully went downstairs.“Mommy，my__5__is all stuffed up (堵住)．I can’t really breathe very well.Will you please__6__with me a little while？” Tara doesn’t often get up at night，__7__I decided to be there for her.She soon fell asleep.I returned to my own bed.I was determined to sleep.But to my__8__，I found Jack sleeping on my side of the bed.He looked so__9__that I couldn’t remove him.Quietly and carefully，I lay down between__10__and Jack. I did manage to get some sleep__11__I heard Tara’s voice again.I returned to__12__Tara.“Mom，please lie down with me a little bit.I had a bad dream，and I’m so__13__.”“Of course，honey.It was only a dream.Mommy’s here and__14__is okay.” We fell asleep__15__each other’s arms. Even in my sleepy state，I thought of__16__these nights of merry­go­round (一连串的繁忙活动) will be over.In their place，my twins will be grown.__17__before I’m ready，our children’s rooms will be much too__18__and empty.So it is especially on days when I’m worn out after a night on this mom’s merry­go­round that I remind__19__that these very days and nights are，in fact，“the good old days”，ever so__20__. 1.A.sons B．Twins C．daughters D．students 2．A.downstairs B．In C．out D．upstairs 3．A.Sometimes B．Every time C．Sometime D．Anytime 4．A.gently B．kindly C．rudely D．impatiently 5．A.nose B．mouth C．heart D．eye 6．A.come B．stay C．talk D．play 7．A.even though B．so C．no matter when D．however 8．A.joy B．anger C．disappointment D．surprise 9.A.friendly B．heavy C．content D．sad 10．A.my father B．Tara C．Pat D．my mother 11．A.before

B．when C．after D．while 12．A.show off B．look after C．watch out D．take care 13．A.scared B．Exciting C．excited D．scaring 14．A.something B．Anything C．everything D．nothing 15．A.over B．On C．by D．in 16．A.how often B．how soon C．how long D．how much 17．A.No doubt B．no wonder C．No problem D．No worry 18．A.noisy B．quiet C．still D．calm 19．A.my children B．my husband C．my friend D．myself 20．A.potential B．precise C．precious D．Previous

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答案及解析：

1．B 根据文章最后一段中的“In their place，my twins will be grown”可知，此处应为twins。

2．D 根据文章第5空前的句子“An hour later，Tara cried and I carefully went downstairs”可知作者和丈夫在楼上睡。

3．C 午夜的某个时候应该是sometime。sometime有时，间或，every time每一次，sometime在某时，anytime任何时候。

4．A 根据Jack quietly touched me中的quietly，结合上下文可知，此处作者应该是温柔地(gently)给儿子让出地方。

5．A 根据下文女儿所说的“I can’t really breathe very well”可知应该是女儿有此鼻塞。

6．B 根据文章内容可知，此处应是女儿要求作者和她呆一会儿。

7．B 7空前后两个分句构成因果关系，所以用so。女儿晚上不常起来，所以这次作者决定陪女儿一会。

8．D to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是。这里的意思是作者没有想到儿子将自己的位置占了。

9．C 根据文章内容可知，是因为儿子的表情是如此满足(content)，所以作者不愿意去动儿子。

10．C 根据文章内容可知，床上有作者的丈夫Pat和儿子Jack，所以作者只好睡在他们中间。

11．A 作者刚睡没多久就又听见女儿的叫声。

12．B look after照看，照顾；show off炫耀；watch out小心，提防；take care小心，注意。

13．A 做了一个噩梦，所以应该是害怕的(scared)。

14．C 根据作者所说的话，这里应该是“妈妈在这里，一切都会没事的”。

15．D 母女二人相拥着睡着了(in each other’s arms)，介词应该用in。

16．B 考查how短语引导的宾语从句，how often对表示频度的词提问；how long多长时间；how much多少。根据句子__16__these nights of merry­go­round (一连串的繁忙活动) will be over可知：这一连串的繁忙活动要过多久才能结束。how soon对表示将来的时间提问，意思是要多久以后。

17．A No doubt毫无疑问；No wonder难怪；No problem没问题；No worry不慌不忙。

18．B 根据文章内容可知，孩子们要长大，总会离开家的，所以总会人去房空的。

19．D 根据文章内容可知，作者一直在提醒自己，要珍惜这些繁忙而又美好的日子，因为小鸟迟早会飞走的。

20．C 这些日夜操劳的日子繁忙而美好，但终究会因为孩子的长大离开而弥显珍贵(precious)。

B.、阅读理解

Today，I read an interesting article about television viewing.In one experiment，families were paid to stop watching TV for either a week or a month.Many could not complete the task and some families quarrelled or even

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fought.It was quite interesting and now I will say something about TV. After TV became a product most families could afford，people bought and started to watch their new TVs.Both adults and children became less creative in problem solving，less able to focus on tasks，and less tolerant of flexible time. In my family，we grew up with the TV on.Every weekend，we watched Gun

Smoke

and Bonanza

together as a family.TV provides us with a comfortable background when we want to learn a foreign language at home，and it entertains us cheaply with live action sports，incomparable performing arts and important events of the world.In addition，it educates us about everything from the cells in our body to the galaxies in the universe. Perhaps it’s not even practical to live without television unless our views change unexpectedly as we get older.I don’t think that TV damages us so much as it robs us of time that could be spent doing other things such as learning new skills，getting some exercise or doing volunteer work. I was lucky to have a family that watched TV together.Today there seems to be a TV in every room of the house and there’s no need to agree on a program to watch.To watch TV or not is more of a question for adults than for us，and even though we all say we want to cut down the time we spend in front of the tube，we never really do.TV_has_us_hypnotized! 1．The experiment in Paragraph 1 shows________. A．how interesting watching TV is B．how much people like watching TV C．whether people like watching TV D．why people give up watching TV 2．After most families could afford a TV，they________. A．got more active at work B．found it easier to solve problems C．became more independent of TV D．fixed less attention on tasks 3．From Paragraph 3，we can learn that________. A．the author likes to spend weekends watching TV by himself B．watching TV too much prevents the author from growing up well C．TV programmes bring only fun to the author and his family D．the author and his family get a lot of valuable experience in watching TV 4．According to the author，which of the following is TRUE? A．It is a waste of time to watch TV. B．We benefit little when we watch TV. C．It is hard to live without television. D．We change our views as we live with television. 5．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that________. A．we depend too much on TV B．watching TV makes us united

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C．TV robs us of valuable time D．TV changes our daily life

【语篇解读及答案】

电视越来越走进人们的生活，给人们带来了很多负面的影响，而作者却不这么认为。

1．B 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“many could not complete the task and some families quarreled or even fought”可知人们在实验过程中，因为在一段时间没有看电视，而引发危机，足以说明人们对电视的依赖程度，所以选择B。

2．D 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中“Both adults and children became less creative in problem solving，less able to focus on tasks”可知。

3．D 考查推理判断。根据文章第三段最后一句“it educates us about everything from the cells in our body to the galaxies in the universe”可知D项正确；根据文章第三段第一句“in my family，we grew up with the TV on...together as a family”可知A项错误；文章第三段第二句到最后，都是讲述电视对家庭带来的正面影响，所以B项错误；C选项太绝对应排除。

4．C 考查推理判断。根据文章第四段第一句“Perhaps it’s not even practical to live without television unless our views change unexpectedly as we get older”可知C项正确，D项错误；根据第四段最后一句“I don’t think that TV damages us so much as it robs us of time”可知A项错误；根据文章第三段可知道电视使我们获益匪浅，判断B项错误。

5．A 考查猜测句意。结合文章最后一句“and even though we all say want to cut down the time we spend in front of the tube，we never really do”可知人们对电视非常依赖。

C.短文改错

Mr. Wilson is a kind—hearted man. He often give 76________ money to a beggar(乞丐)on his way to home. One day 77_______ the beggar ask him.”

What on earth is it, sir ? Two years

78_______ ago I got ten dollars at the time. Last year you gave 79_____ _ me five dollars every time which you passed by , 80_______ but now I was given only one dollar this year.” Mr. Wilson 81________ explained the beggar with a smile.＂Two years ago I was 82_______ a single man. Last year I was married and this year I 83________ have a baby…” Hearing this, the beggar said angry, 84________

“ How can you support your family use my money ?” 85________ 答案：

76. give---gives 77.去掉way后的to 78.ask---asked 79.the---a 80.which---when

81.正确

82.explained后加

to

83.去掉was 84.angry---angrily 85.use---using

九. 教学反思

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