Using LanguageⅠ教学评价实录

Unit3 Computers-语法篇

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通过本节课的学习掌握现在完成时的被动语态的用法。

现在完成时的被动语态

一．现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式

1. 肯定式：主语＋have/has been done. 如：

The first subway to cross the Yangtze River has been started.

第一条横穿长江的地铁已经开工。

2. 否定式：主语＋have/has not been done. 如：

When and where to have our holiday hasn't been decided yet. 我们还没决定何时去何地度假。

3. 一般疑问式：Have/Has＋主语＋been done…?如：

Has the construction of the underwater tunnel been finished? 水下隧道的建造已完工了吗？

4. 特殊疑问式：疑问词＋have/has(＋主语)＋been done…?如：

What parts of Gansu Province have been hit by strong winds and heavy snowfall in the past two days? 在刚过去的两天里，甘肃省的什么地方受到大风和大雪侵袭？

温馨提示：

(1)since then/since＋从句，in/during the past/last＋一段时间，so far, by now, up to now, recently, lately, already, yet等常用于现在完成时中。

(2)ever, never, already, yet等副词用于现在完成时的被动语态中常放在has或have之后。

二．现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法和注意事项

1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，1

但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

I'm sorry，but the letters haven't been typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是现在还拿不到这些信件) The work has already been finished. 工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了) 4.非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。

非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可与already或yet连用。如：

No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

误：How long has this book been bought? 正：How long ago was this book bought? 这本书买了多久了？

温馨提示：

这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。如：

The book has not been borrowed since last month.自上个月以来这本书就没有被借过。

5.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如：

No news has been heard about him since he left his hometown. 自从他离开家乡，就没有关于他的任何消息传来。

例1.

(2014甘肃天水期中)In the last few years, thousands of films _________all over the world. A. have produced

C. are producing

B. have been produced

D. are being produced 解析：in the last few years 用于现在完成时,因为它是指时间从过去延续到现在.又因为谓语的动作不是主语发出的,故要用被动语态,have been made是对的.直译过来是：在过去的几年里数千部电影在全世界被制作.即：全世界在过去几年里制作了数千部电影。综合可知本题答案。

答案：B 例2. (2014湖南长沙月考) The boys followed the marks that they__________, until finally they found their way back to the campsite. A. left

B. have left

C. had left

D. have been left 解析：由语境可知本句所表达句意：这些男孩沿着他们留下的记号，直到最后找到了返回营地的路。留下的记号的动作发生在follow之前应该用过去完成时。由此可知本题答案。

答案：C

例3. (2015天津)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides. A. has been reached

B. was reached

2

C. will reach

D. will have reached 解析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知本题答案。

答案：A 例4. (2014天津) We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________. A. are being made

B. will be made

C. have been made

D. had been made 解析：通常说来。在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。由语境可知preparations与动词make之间是动宾关系，所以综合可知要用现在完成时的被动。

答案：C 例5.( 2014年甘肃庆阳期末) If nothing _______, the ocean will turn into fish deserts. A. does

B. is done

C. had been done

D. will do 解析：句意：如果不做点什么的话，海洋会变成鱼的沙漠。本题考查被动语态。nothing不能发生do的动作，所以要用被动语态，根据条件句的主将从现，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。综合可知要用一般现在时的被动语态。

答案：B

基础演练

一．把下列句子变为被动语态(每空一词) 1. We have completed all the preparations for the task, and we're ready to start. →All the preparations for the task_____ ________ ________by us and we're ready to start. 2. This company has produced a new type of computer recently. →A new type of computer______ ______ _________by this company recently. 3. They have interviewed several teachers for the job. →Several teachers for the job _____ ______ __________by them. 4. George has sent some text and pictures to his friend's cellphone. →Some text and pictures________ ________ ________to his friend's cellphone by George. 5. They have developed some programmes for the human resource department of their company. →Some programmes______ _____ ________by them for the human resource department of their company. Keys:

1.have been completed 3. have been interviewed

5. have been sent 巩固提高

一．单项选择。

3

2. has been produced

4.have been developed

(

)1. Do you know the thief ______ by the police?

A. has caught

B. has been catching

C. will catch

D. has been caught

(

)2.－How many times______ not to play with fire? －I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again.

A. do you tell

B. had you told

(

)3. --What’s happening in the new area?

--New houses_______ recently over there.

A. are built

B. built

C. have built

D. have been built C. are you told

D. have you been told

(

)4. There is a police car in front of our neighbor’s house. What do you suppose _______?

A. did happen

B. has happened

C. is happen

D. has been happened (

)5. All the preparations for the project _______, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

Keys:1-5

DDDBD 二．用所给词的适当形式填空

1. More than 5,000 used bikes__________________(collect)since the two brothers set up the organization. 2. Since the cause of this disease________________________(discover),now we need to develop the medicine to treat it. 3. Over the past ten years，this town________________(hit)twice by earthquakes. 4.—Will the lecture be held at 4 o'clock this afternoon? —No. It________________(put) off till tomorrow afternoon. 5. Her novel is very popular among people of all ages; so far it___________________(translate) into 25 languages. Keys:

1.have been collected

3.has been hit

2.has been discovered 4.has been put

5.has been translated

B. had been completed

C. complete

D. have been completed

一．用所给词的适当形式填空

1. The plan________(study)by the experts for three times now. 2. I like these English songs and they________ (teach) many times on the radio. 3. Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we all feel the topic________(change)．

4. —How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media ________(cover) it in a variety of forms. 5. —Your English is very good. —I'm still nervous. After all, it is only the second time that I ________(meet) foreign guests. 6. If the paper ________(finish), please hand it in. 7. I don't believe you've already finished reading the book—I ________(lend) it to you this morning! 8. You've failed to do what you________(expect) to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. 4

9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they ________(promise) before leaving their hometowns. 10. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances________(discover) in the past years. Keys:

1.has been studied 5.have met

2.have been taught

6.has been finished

3.has been changed

4.have covered

7.lent

8.were expected

9．have been promised

10.have been discovered 二．单项选择。

(

)1. Great changes

________ in the city , and a lot of factories ________.

A. have been taken place; have been set up

C. have taken place; have set up

(

)2. --How long _____ at this job?

-- Since 1990. A. were you employed

C. had you been employed

B. have you been employed D. will you be employed

B. have taken place; have been set up D. were taken place; were set up (

)3. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________yet. A. are not decided

C. is not being decided

B. have not been decided

D. has not been decided (

)4. This is a photo of the power station that __________ in my hometown . A. has set up

B. has been set up

C. will set up

D. is set up

(

)5. --Did you move into the new house? -- No. The rooms ___________ yet. A. were being painted

Keys:1-5 BBDBD

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

一．单项选择。

(

)1. The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee. A. is announced

B. have been announced B. are painting

C. have not painted

D. have not been painted C. are announced

D. has been announced (

)2. I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room. A. was

B. had

C. had been

D. is 5

(

)3.The goods ____when we arrived at the airport. A. were just unloading

C. had just unloaded

(

)4. The house _____ my parents

A. is belong to

B. belong to

C. belongs to

D. is belonged to

(

)5. Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past. A. was not

B. were not C. were not being

D. had not been (

)6. You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour. A. I smell

B. it is smelt C. it smells

D. it is smelling (

)7. My brother and I have __________her birthday party.

A. been invited

C. invited to

B. been invited for

D. been invited to

B. were just been unloading

D. were just being unloaded (

)8. He was here for a little while, but I don’t knows where she ____now.

A. is

B. was

C. had been

D. has been (

)9. Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____ photographically in March 1930. A. discovered

C. by discovery

B. was discovered D. when discovered (

)10. Great changes _____ in our province. Many tall buildings __________.

A have been taken place, have been set up

B. have taken place, have been set up

C. have been taken place, have been set up

D. were taken place, were set up

Keys:1-5DCDCB 6-10CDABB 二．阅读理解。

The average American child spends three to five hours a day watching TV. In 1961, the average child began to watch television at age three; however, today it is nine months. Yet, most parents think that television has bad influence on their children. For example, in the early 1970s, my parents believed that my bad eyesight was the result of sitting too close to the screen, and they therefore made my stay at least six feet from it. Today, most people have no such worry, but many new ridiculous(荒谬的) sayings have appeared: *TV makes kids stupid. Many children watch more educational programmes when they are 6

pre-schoolers. When they grow up, they can read more books and have much better ideas to solve difficult problems than other children. *TV makes kids violent. The real story is not so simple. Hundreds of studies show that watching violence on TV makes children more aggressive (好斗的).But a study of over 5,000 children also finds that some positive programmes make children kinder. The problem is that kids are increasingly watching shows with violence instead of those suitable for their age. *Sitting around watching TV makes kids overweight. An experiment finds that when children watch less television, they do lose extra weight; however, reducing their television time does not make them more active. The real problem lies in snacking (吃零食),a widespread habit for kids, and junk food advertisements. *TV helps kids get to sleep. The opposite is true. The more television children watch, the more likely they are to have irregular sleep and nap(小睡) patterns. Allowing kids to watch television is part of the problem, not the solution. (

)1. Which one is the advantage of educational TV programmes?

A. They will make children solve difficult problems better than others. B. They will improve children's ability to get along with others. C. They are likely to make children more aggressive. D. They will make sure of children's success in the future. (

)2. Why are children spending much time watching TV likely to be fat?

A. Watching TV makes children lazy and inactive. B. Children are attracted by the food advertisements on TV. C. Watching TV doesn't burn up as much fat as doing sports. D. Children like to snack while watching TV. (

)3. What influence does watching TV have on a child's sleep?

A. Children are likely to sleep deeper after watching TV. B. Children's sleep time will be greatly reduced. C. It will make children form a bad habit of sleeping. D. It will make children sleep easier. (

)4. What is the purpose of this text?

A. To increase people’s knowledge of watching TV. B. To warn parents of the disadvantages of watching TV. C. To explain the bad influences that watching TV has on children. D. To correct parents' wrong ideas of television's effect on children. Keys: ADCD 三．书面表达

假设你是李明，想申请到一家外资企业工作，你需要用英文给人事部经理写一封100词左右的7

信，介绍自己的基本情况，简介信包括写信目的及下表所列内容：

姓

名：李

明

出生年月：1985年8月

出

生

地：广东省增城市

学

历：1998—2004 增城中学

2004—2008 中山大学计算机系

2008—现在

在一家计算机公司工作

所学主要课程：计算机科学、中文、数学、英语、体育

爱好、特长及获奖情况

要求：要符合书信格式。

(内容由考生自由发挥)

参考词汇：系

department

中山大学Sun Yat-sen University

申请apply for Dear Manager,

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours truly,

Li Ming Key: One possible version：

Dear Manager,

I am writing to you in order to apply for a position in your company. My name is Li Ming and I was born in Zengcheng City of Guangdong Province in August, 1985.After graduating from Zengcheng Middle School in 2004,

I studied in the Computer Department of Sun Yat-sen University for four years. I mainly studied computer science, Chinese, maths, English, PE, and now I am working for a computer company I like pop music and swimming very much,

and I once won the first prize in the school swimming competition. I am waiting for your reply. Thank you. Yours truly,

Li Ming

8