Learning about LanguagePPT专用教学设计内容

Unit 5 Music Learning about Language (The Attributive Clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom). Aims To help students learn about the Attributive Clause with a preposition in front. To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions. To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures. Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions Turn to page 35 and do exercises No. 1, 2 and 3 first. Check your answers against your classmates’.

II. Learning about grammar 1.Reading and thinking

Turn to page 34 and read with me the text of THE BAND THAT WASN’t. As you read on, pay attention to The Attributive Clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom), that is, the attributive clauses with a preposition ahead of the relative pronoun shown in the sentences.

For reference: The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, “The Monkees”

started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band. 2.Doing exercises No. 1 and 2 on page 35 Turn to page 34. Look at the two sentences:

The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other as well as played music.

However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, “The Monkees” started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band.

Pay attention to the structure: preposition + relative pronoun. Usually only two relative pronouns --- which and whom--- can be used in the Attributive Clause, with a preposition put before the clause. That

can’t be used. Look at the screen. Here are more examples on this kind of structure.

1.This is the reason for which he left his hometown. (=why) 2.I’ll never forget the day on which we stayed together. (=when) 3.This is the girl from whom I learned the news. 4.The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

5.I’ll show you a store in which you may buy all that you need.(=where) 6.I don’t like the way in which you laughed at her.(=that) Now go on to do Exercise No. 2 on page 36, that is, to sort out the sentences.

III. Ready used materials for The Attributive Clause (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom)

In formal styles we often put a preposition before the relative pronouns which and whom:

The rate at which a material heats up depends on its chemical composition. In the novel by Peters, on which the film is based, the main character is a teenager. An actor with whom Gelson had previously worked contacted him about the role. Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement. Notice that after a preposition you can’t use who in place of whom, and you can’t use that or zero relative pronoun either: Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public to whom they are accountable? (not --- the public to who they are accountable.) The valley in which the town lies is heavily polluted. (not --- The valley in that the town...) Arnold tried to gauge the speed at which they were traveling. (not --- the speed at

they were traveling.) In informal English we usually put the preposition at the end in attributive clauses rather than at the beginning: The office which Graham led the way to was filled with books. Jim’s football ability, which he was noted for, had been encouraged by his parents. The playground wasn’t used by those children who it was built for. In this case we prefer who rather than whom

(although whom

is used in formal contexts). In restrictive attributive clauses we can also use

that

or zero relative pronoun instead of who or which (e.g. ...the children (that) it was built for). If the verb in attributive clauses is a two-or-three-word verb (e.g. come across, fill in, go through, look after, look up to, put up with, take on) we don’t usually put the preposition at the beginning: 

Your essay is one of those (which/that) I’ll go through

tomorrow. (rather than...through which I’ll go tomorrow.)



She is one of the few people (who/that) I look up to. (not ... to whom I look up.) In formal written English, we often prefer to use of which rather than whose to talk about things: A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt. (or...whose

effects are still being felt.) The end of the war, the anniversary of which is on the 16th of November, will be commemorated in cities throughout the country. (or...whose anniversary is on...) Note that we can’t use of which in place of whose in the patterns described in Unit 71B: Dorothy was able to switch between German, Polish and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (not..,all whose she spoke...) We can sometimes use that...of in place of of which. This is less formal than of which and whose, and is mainly used in spoken English: The school that

she is head of

is closing down. (or The school of which she is head...) Whose can come after a preposition in attributive clauses. However, it is more natural

to put the preposition at the end in less formal contexts and in spoken English: We were grateful to Mr. Marks, in whose car we had traveled home. (or...whose car we had traveled home in.) I now turn to Freud, from whose work the following quotation is taken. (or...whose

work the following quotation is taken from.) IV. Closing down by doing exercises: Join the sentence halves using which or whom after an appropriate preposition. (A) a.

I would never have finished the work.

b.

It was primarily written. c.

We know nothing. d.

They got a good view. e.

He learned how to play chess. f.

Dennis scored three goals in the final. g.

She was born.

h.

It was discovered. 1.They climbed up to the top of a large rock.

2. I would like to thank my tutor. 3. She has now moved back to the house on Long Island. 4. The star is to be named after Patrick Jenks. S. This is the ball. 6. He is now able to beat his father. 7. The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children. 8. There are still many things in our solar system.

Key for reference: 1.They climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which they got a good view. 2. I would like to thank my tutor, without whom I would never have finished the work. 3. She has now moved back to the house on Long Island, in which she was born. 4. The star is to be named after Patrick Jenks, by whom it was discovered. S. This is the ball. Dennis scored three goals in the final. 6. He is now able to beat his father, from whom he learned how to play chess. 7. The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children, about whom it was primarily written. 8. There are still many things in our solar system, about which we know nothing. Are these correct or appropriate? If they are, put a√. If they are not, give a reason, correct them and give alternatives if you can. (A) I.

It's a piece of jewelry across which I came in an antique shop. --- which I came across in an antique shop. (‘came across’ is a two-word verb.)

2.

The extra work which she took on was starting to affect her health. 3.

My mother, after whom I looked for over 20 years, died last year. 4. The people whom I work with are all very friendly. 5. Some of the criticisms with which they had to put up were very unfair. 6. He had many friends with whom he had a regular correspondence. 7. The woman to who he is engaged comes from Poland. 8. The forms which I had to fill in were very complicated. Rewrite these sentences so that they are more appropriate for formal written English. Use preposition + which or preposition + whose, as appropriate. (B) I. Tom Sims, whose car the weapons were found in, has been arrested. Torn Sims, in whose car the weapons were found, has been arrested.

2. Tom Ham, whose novel the TV series is based on, will appear in the first episode. 3. Dr Jackson owns the castle whose grounds the main road passes through. 4. Tessa Parsons is now managing director of Simons, the company that she was once

a secretary in. 5. Allowing the weapons to be sold is an action that the Government should be ashamed of. 6. The dragonfly is an insect that we know very little of.