Using LanguageⅡ教学设计第一课时

V-ing 作表语、定语、宾语补足语

一．动词-ing形式作表语

动名词作表语一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作,表语和主语的位置可以互换。如

她的工作是教书。

照看婴儿是她的职责。

怎样区别作表语的现在分词和动名词

动名词和现在分词构成形式一样(都是在动词词尾加-ing),且均可在句中作表语。究竟是现在分词还是动名词在句中作表语呢？下面介绍几种辨别的方法：

(1)倒置法

将句中的主语和表语位置互换,谓语不动,若新组成的句子与原句意思相符,句中v.-ing形式就是动名词。否则,就是现在分词。例如

His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。

His job is interesting. 他的工作有趣。

互换位置后成为:Teaching English is his job.“教英语是他的工作。”与原句意思相符。句子通顺。第一句中的teaching是动名词作表语。

Interesting is his job.句子意思不成立,与原句意思更不相符。故原句中的interesting应为现在分词。

(2)加入法

在表语前加上副词very,so或more,most等。句子通顺、意思明确者,为现在分词。否则,为动名词。如

My job is interesting.→My job is very interesting.(句子成立)故interesting为现在分词。

My job is teaching English.→My job is very(so)teaching English.句子不成立，故teaching是动名词作表语。

同理,我们还可以在表语后加个能作宾语的词,若句子成立应为动名词,否则,为现在分词。如

My job is teaching English.→My job is teaching you English.句子成立,teaching为动名词。

My job is interesting.→My job is interesting you.加you后的句子不成立,故句中的interesting为现在分词。

(3)提问法

能用how对表语提问的是现在分词,反之是动名词;能用what对表语提问的是动名词,反之,为现在分词。如

My job is interesting.→How is your job？用how提问,句意通顺,故表语是现在分词。

My job is teaching English.→What is your job？用what对表语提问,句意通顺,故表语是动名词。

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二．动词-ing形式作定语

(1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之前,而-ing短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之后。如

a waiting room 等候室

a dancing girl一个跳舞的女孩

teaching methods教学方法

a swimming pool 一个游泳池

和我们校长谈话的那个人是我父亲。

(2)现在分词也可以作定语修饰名词,表示该名词正处在一种什么样的状态,现在分词这个动作实际上是由所修饰的名词所发出的。如

a sleeping beauty(a beauty is sleeping) 睡美人

a running dog(a dog is running)奔跑中的狗

a dancing girl(a girl is dancing)跳舞的女孩

(3)区别一个作定语的-ing形式的动词是动名词还是现在分词,我们可以用下面的方法

①将被修饰的名词作主语,用be来连接带有-ing的动词,如果逻辑上行得通,那就是现在分词,反之就是动名词。如

a flying bird换成a bird is flying后在逻辑上行得通,因此flying就是现在分词。

a dining room换成a room is dining就行不通了,因此dining就是动名词。

②我们也可以把be换成for来进行检验。如

a barking dog 换成a dog for barking,不符合逻辑和常识,因此,barking是现在分词。

a swimming pool换成a pool for swimming就顺理成章了,因此swimming是动名词。

（4）动词-ing与不定式作定语区别：动词-ing形式作定语，多表示正在进行或经常性，习惯性的动作。而不定式作定语一般表示将要发生的具体的动作。另外需注意：不定式作定语，必须后置。例如：

We should try to adjust ourselves to the changing world.我们应该努力适应不断变化的世界。

Do you know the lady talking to our headmaster? 你认识那位正在跟我们校长谈话的女士吗？

The next train to arrive was from New York?下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。

三．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语

动词-ing形式和动词-ing形式短语常放在宾语的后面作宾语补足语，宾语和宾语补足语之间是主动关系。

1.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词

⑴感官动词see, watch, look at , hear, listen to, notice, observe, smell, find, feel 巧记口令：看看三次，听听两次，注意闻闻，找到感觉

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I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfis我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。

⑵其他动词catch,set,have,get,leave,keep

你认为你能修好这个收音机吗？

2.几点注意事项：

⑴在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式宾补也可以接动词-ing形式宾补,其区别在

动词的-ing形式宾补表示动作正在进行,不是指全过程;不定式宾补表示动作的完成,指全过程。

另外,短暂性动词的动词-ing形式宾补表示动作的反复,而不定式则表示动作的一次性。如:

我看见那贼正在上火车。

我看见那贼上了火车,消失了。

我听见门一直在砰砰作响。

他听见门砰地响了一下。

⑵当主句转换为别动结构时，原来做宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：

They found the result very satisfying =The result was found very satisfying. 【活学活用】

1)(2006安徽高考,28)Tom sounds very much _________ in the job,but I’m not

A.interested

C.interestingly

2)My brother saw the children ___________ near my house when he went to

A.play

C.to play

A.are

C.have been

4)When I think of the _________

A.puzzled;puzzled

C.puzzling;puzzled

A.quarrel

C.to be quarreling

答案与解析:

1)A

表示“某人对某事感兴趣”要用interested。

2)B

see sb.doing sth.的意思是“看见某人在做某事”。

3)D

动词-ing形式作主语时,看作单数形式。

4)C

puzzling的意思是“令人困惑的”,多修饰事情等;puzzled的意思是“困惑的”,多修饰人。

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5)B

现在分词作宾语补足语时,变成主语补足语时,仍用现在分词。

【巩固练习】

I. 单项填空。

1. When she got home, she found her little son ________ on the ground, crying. A. lies

B. lay

C. lying

D. laying 2. The patient ________ by the doctor is Li Ming’s mother.

A. to examine

B. examining C. is examined

D. being examined 3. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell

B. smelling C. smelt

D. to be smelt 4. I smell something _______ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. being burnt

B. burnt C. burning

D. to be burnt 5. We were deeply _______ by the old man’s _______ story.

A. moved; moving

B. moving; moving C. moving; moved

D. moved; moved 6. My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well

B. feeling good C. feel well

D. feel good 7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ________ him.

A. calling

B. called C. being called

D. to call 8. — Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. — Sorry. With so much work ________ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled

B. filling C. to fill

D. being filled II. 根据括号里的提示完成句子。

1. What he said was _________________________(令人困惑的). 2. I’ll fire you if ________________________ (我再发现你抽烟) in the workshop. 3. I saw a note on my desk _________________ (上面写的是我女儿下午要来看我). 4. What children like most is __________________ (在班里受到表扬).

Key: I. 1–4 CDBC

5–8 ADAB II. 1. puzzling 2. I find you smoking again 3. saying that my daughter would come to see me this afternoon 4. being praised in the class

III. 单项选择: The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

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A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 2. ---I must apologize for ______ ahead of time. ----That's all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 3. European football is played in 80 countries, _____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 4. When I got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door _____ "Sorry to miss you. Will call later." A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 5.______for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing. A. As having flooded B. As flooding C. Having been flooded D. Being flooded 6. I didn't know you were a thief, _____ bread out of the mouth of women and children. A. steal B. stealing C. stole D. to steal 7. Looking out of the window of our classroom, _____many beautiful peculiar mountains. A. there was B. there were C. we saw D. there stood 8. We often provide our children with toys, footballs and basketballs, that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 9. The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 10. While ______ to be asked how he made it, he smiled and said to himself, "Well, hard work contributes to success." A. waiting B. having waited C. being waited D. to be waited 11. Some students sat in the corner chatting, but____ their teacher, all ____ up. A. saw; standing B. seeing; stood C. saw; stood D. seeing; standing III. ABADC BCADA B

[高考例题]

①The secretary worked late into the night, ___ a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing (NMET91)

②It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night.

A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned (NMET91)

③The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _____ and let her off.

A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing (NMET92)

④“Can’t you read ?” Mary said ____ to the notice .

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing (NMET93)

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⑤The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added B. to add C .added D. adding (NMET94)

⑥The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play (NMET94)

⑦She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later. (NMET94)

A.arriving B. to arrive C. and arrived D. having arrived (NMET94)

⑧____ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.

A. Your having read B. while reading

C. If reading D. when you read (97年高考上海卷)

⑨European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

A .makes B. to make C. made D. making （98年高考上海卷）

⑩She asked me to help her, _____ that she couldn’t make the heavy suitcase alone.

A. only to realize B. realizing

C. realized D. having been realized （98年高考上海卷）

⒒When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “ Sorry to

miss you; will call later.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading (NMET99)

⒓____ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Check B. To check

C. Having checked D. If you check （99年高考上海卷）

⒔He sent me an e-mail, _____ to get further information.

A .hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope （2000年高考上海卷）

⒕While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________________.

A .an underground lake was discovered

B. there was an underground lake discovered

C. a lake was discovered underground

D. the workers discovered an underground lake（2000年春高考上海卷）

⒖____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine where he goes.

A. Suffered B. Having suffered

C. Being suffered D. Suffering （2001年春高考上海卷）

⒗_____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

A .To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept (NMET01春)

⒘The bell ____ the end of the period rang, ___ our heated discussion.

A. indicating, interrupting B. indicated, interrupting

C. indicating, interrupted D. indicated, interrupted（01年高考上海卷）

⒙____ such heavily pollution already, it way now be too late to clear the river.

A. Having suffered B. suffering C To suffer D .Suffered (NMET01)

[答案]

1) B 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) C 8) D 9) D 10) B 11) D 12) D 13) B

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14) D 15) B16) A 17) A 18) A

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