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Unit 3 Discovering useful structures 现在完成时的被动语态

(The Present Perfect Passive Voice) 一、

含义

现在完成时的被动语态表动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，且句中的主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词构成被动关系。

二、

结构

肯定结构：主+ have/ has+ been + done eg. His T-shirt has been washed by his mother.

The buildings have been destroyed in the earthquake. 否定结构：主+have/ has + not + been done eg. The room has not been cleaned yet. 疑问结构:

Have/ Has +主+ been done

eg. Has the door been repaired?

—

No, it hasn’t.

三、

主要用法

1.

表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。

eg. I'm sorry, but the letters haven't been typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件) 2.

表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...

句型中

eg. The program has been discussed for nearly 2 hours. 3.

用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

eg. You can go home as soon as your task has been finished. 注：非延续性动词，如borrow，finish, begin, start现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要改变动词或时态。

How long has this dictionary been borrowed?

(×) How long has this dictionary been kept?

（√）

4.

做题思路（重点作为高考语篇填空考查点）

1. 分析结构，明确句意

2. 看时间状语，选择合适时

3. 明确句中谓语动词与主语是否为被动关系，动作是否可延续

四、

课堂练习

1. 挑出who Am I 原文中含有现在完成式被动语态的句子，进一步体会其含义及构成。

2. 进行主动变被动的句式练习。

如：1．Adult education has enriched the lives of many people. → The lives of many people _________________adult education.

2. Many countries have sent up many man-made satellites into space. →Many man­made satellites ___________ space by many countries.

3. 选择练习

This famous novel ______into many different films over the past few years.

A.

had been made

B. has been made

C. was made

D would be made