Learning about Language教案2

Step 4. Grammar study 1. The passive infinitive (1) Explanation 当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,不定式要用被动语态构成形式为to be done/to have been done。例如：

He claimed to be treated badly in the super market when he was doing shopping yesterday. 注意

:有时尽管不定式与其逻辑主语是被动关系

，但不定式仍用主动语态

，不用被动语态。不定式作状语，如果句子中存在light, heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable等词就应该用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

The box is so heavy to carry. He isn’t easy to get along with 另外,下面的被动语态是经常的考点，也应特别注意: ●

在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快，不顺利的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。例如：

Did you get scolded yesterday？

He became seized with a deep sorrow. ●

短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式

短语动词的被动结构中,构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词+be+过去分词。例如：

The doctor has been sent for. Bad habits have been done away with.

●

主动形式被动意义

①

当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等系动词后面接形容词时；

The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。

②

当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink, wash等表示某种性质时且带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时，如：

The book written by that famous writer is selling very well. 那位作家写的书很畅销。

These cups clean easily. 这些杯子很容易洗。

③

want, require, need，worth 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，如：

These flowers want/ require /need watering. 这些花需要浇水。

These books are worth reading. 这些书值得读。（被读）

④

下面的词汇用主动语态：

come out, come into being, go off, run out, give out, give in.，happen, take place, break out The accident happened yesterday evening.

The fire went out gradually.

对于被动语态，弄清主语与谓语动词的关系是做题的关键。在实际应用中，如果一个动词只能用作不及物动词，那么它就不会用于被动语态。而且，一个动词到底是否应该用被动语态，不能从汉语的角度去理解，而应该注意到英语和汉语的不同表达方式。在很多情况下，

汉语的被动关系要么表现得不那么明显，要么和英语的被动语态刚好相反。应该说这就是被动语态的难点和重点。例如：

Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. (2001春) 句意为-“工厂关闭将失去几百个工作。”汉语中不用被动形式，但英语句里主语是jobs,因此用被动结构。

(2) Practice ①

The food________. A. taste well

B. has been tasted well

C. is tasted well

D. tastes good ②

Our school____in 1911. A .was set up

B. has been set up

C. has set up

D. had been set up ③

Radio is____in everyday life. A .use

B. using

C. uses

D. useful ④

According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree._____.

A. my education will be employed by the university

B. employment will be given to me by the university

C. the university will employ me

D. I will be employed by the university ⑤

The little girl_____well.

A. is taking care of

B. takes care of

C. is taken care

D. is being taken care of ⑥

When we returned from the ball, we found that our home____ and many things____ . A. has broken into, has been stolen

B. had broken into, had been stolen

C. had been broken into, stolen

D. had been broken, stolen ⑦

Your books_____ away six days ago. A. had been taken

B. were taken

C. have been taken

D. took ⑧

_____ our chairman. A. Her position was made

B. Her position is

C. She made

D. She was made ⑨

The poor boy ____ a cruel family to be a servant. A.sold

B. was sold to

C. was sold

D. had been sold to

⑩

He was observed _____ the girl yesterfay so he was put into prison. A. to steal

B. stealing

C. stolen

D. steal 11. I _____ two plans to decide where our family will spend our holiday. A. gave

B. was given

C. was giving

D. had given 12 A scientist, together with some assistants, ____ to help in the work. A. send

B. sends

C. was sent

D. were sent 13. The medicine _____ before dinner.

A. should have took

B. shoule be took

C. should have been took

D. shoule have been

taken 14.

The clothes _____ again. A.had better not wash

B. had better not be washed

C. had not better be washed

D. had better not washing

15.I _____ in the football match yesterday. A. hurt

B. is hurt

C. got hurt

D. turns hurt

16.

He _____ the heavy rain when he was on the way to the railway station. A. had caught in

B. was catching

C. caught by

D. was caught in 17.

I can open the door; it _____ and I don’t have the key.

A. locks

B. locked

C. has been licked

D. lock 18.

______

that Taiwan is one part of China.

A. People are known

B. It is well known

C. People are wdll knowing

D. People are know 19.

The meeting will ____ three days. A.be lasted

B. lasted

C. be last

D. last 20.

To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule ____ . A.to never break

B. never to be broken

C. never to have broken

D. never to be breaking Suggested Answers:

①～⑤

DACDD

⑥～⑩

CBDBA

11～15 BCDBC

16～20 DCBDB 2. The v–ed form as adjectives (1) Explanation 英语中有部分及物动词，如：bore, tire, excite, surprise, interest, worry, astonish, shock, frighten, terrify, disappoint, satisfy, inspire, encourage, puzzle等，他们v-ing 式形容词表示主体名词令人有某种感受；而它们的v-ed形式形容词表示主体名词本身有某种感受. (2) Practice ①

We were all _________at the _________news. ( surprise ) ②

He had never spent a more __________day. He really didn’t

know how to deal with the situation.(worry) ③

There was a _________ expression on his face. (bore) The speech was so _________ that I fell asleep while listening.(bore) He was getting ______of doing the _______thing again and again.(bore) ④The _______look on his face suggested that he was much ________at the _________news.(excite) It’s nothing to get ___________about.(excite) ⑤

Mr Smith, _____(tire) of the _______(bore) speech, started to read a novel. ⑥

It is believed that if a book is _______ it will surely _______the reader.(interest) ⑦

We watched the NBA game, _______ at the basketball players’ perfect performance. (amaze) ⑧

I found him very _________ not to find her at home.(disappoint) ⑨

With a _________ glance at him, she asked “what?” ( puzzle) His face wore a _________ expression. I found this affair very _________.

⑩That must have been a ____________experience for you. ( terrify) The _________child ran home. 11. The climb made us all ___________.(tire) He arrived at Shelley Hot Springs, ________and thirsty on Sunday night.

He found riding as __________ as walking. It’s rather _________working late like this . The long lecture ___________ the audience. 12.You look __________at the news. (astonish) He gave her an

__________ look.

Alice ,_________, urged her to explain. It is ________ to me that he should be absent.

13.We remembered the _________talks he gave us last time. ( inspire) I was ________ to work harder. 14.Telephone him and he will make a _________reply. ( satisfy) He nodded with a _________ smile on his face. The policeman put down the phone ,_________ with a smile on his face. Suggested Answers:

①

surprised; surprising

②

worrying

③

bored; boring; bored; boring

④

excited; excited; exciting ; excited

⑤

tired; boring

⑥

interesting; interest

⑦

amazed;

⑧

disappointed

⑨

puzzled; puzzled; puzzling

⑩

terrifying; terrified

11. tired; tired; tiring; tiring; tired 12.astonished; astonished; astonished; astonishing

13. inspiring; inspired

14. satisfying; satisfied; satisfied

Step 5. Homework 1. Ask Ss to finish all the exercises of Learning about Language. 2. Ask Ss to review all the language points learned in these periods.